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Team’s AI Tool May Predict Cardiac Arrests in Pediatric Patients – University of Texas at Dallas

Dr. Sriraam Natarajan and fellow researchers developed an artificial intelligence tool that could help doctors predict cardiac arrests in pediatric patients.

University of Texas at Dallas researchers have developed an artificial intelligence tool that could predict the risk of cardiac arrest in children hospitalized in cardiac intensive care units.

The technology is the latest work from the Statistical Artificial Intelligence and Relational Learning Group, a UT Dallas research lab where experts develop AI to assist health care providers. The researchers aim to provide tools to help doctors evaluate and monitor individual patients risks for a variety of conditions, including gestational diabetes and adverse drug interactions.

Dr. Sriraam Natarajan (second from left) with members of the Statistical Artificial Intelligence and Relational Learning Group.

In a study published online April 6 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, the UTD computer scientists collaborated with pediatric cardiology and critical care researchers from UT Southwestern Medical Center and the University of Washington.

The team examined the electronic health records (EHR) of 160 pediatric patients who had a cardiac arrest during their admission to the cardiac ICU at Childrens Health in Dallas between 2010 and 2019, as well as data from a control group of 711 patients. The goal was to determine which indicators recorded over a 24-hour period could predict a cardiac arrest in the subsequent 24 hours, said Dr. Sriraam Natarajan, professor of computer science in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science.

Using 11 vital-sign and laboratory variables that were collected from the EHR, combined with historical training/testing sets, the team successfully created a machine-learning predictive algorithm to predict cardiac arrest in children one hour before the cardiac arrest, Natarajan said.

Our goal is to assist physicians to prevent cardiac arrests. If we save childrens lives, that would be amazing progress, Natarajan said.

As they reviewed the 11 key variables, the researchers found that ineffective tissue perfusion lack of oxygenated blood flow to areas of the body was a major predictor. The finding tracked with the results of the researchers statistical analysis of the data, demonstrating that their algorithm is correct. The next step in their research is to test the algorithm on larger data sets to determine whether it applies to broader pediatric populations.

Our goal is to assist physicians to prevent cardiac arrests. If we save childrens lives, that would be amazing progress.

Dr. Sriraam Natarajan, professor of computer science in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science

Dr. Michael Skinner, one of the studys authors, is a retired UT Southwestern pediatric surgeon who enrolled at UT Dallas as a computer science doctoral student five years ago to learn how to develop the type of technology he wished he had as a physician. As a computer science researcher, he brings the advantage of decades of clinical experience.

What were working on is clinical decision support, Skinner said. With critically ill patients, youd like the machine to be able to integrate all the data to give you a warning if theres something that is predictive of a problem.

The study is an offshoot of a project Natarajan worked on that was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD101246) to use machine learning and clinical, genetic and molecular data to assess risks and predict adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Last year, Natarajan co-wrote a study published in JAMA Network Open that found the risk of gestational diabetes increases significantly for individuals who are at high risk for Type 2 diabetes and who have low levels of physical activity. The findings suggest that physical activity early in pregnancy can reduce gestational diabetes risk.

Natarajan, who directs UTDs Center for Machine Learning, emphasized the importance of incorporating the knowledge of clinicians and other experts with data and technology to predict health outcomes and to solve health care problems.

AI can help mankind, but humans are in control, Natarajan said. Humans are the ones teaching the AI systems.

Dr. Priscilla Yu, assistant professor of pediatrics, was corresponding author of the Clinical Medicine study, and Dr. Lakshmi Raman, professor of pediatrics, was the senior author, both at UT Southwestern.

The pediatric cardiology research was funded by Childrens Health and the ZOLL Foundation.

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Six Faculty Members Selected for the Ivy+ FAN Fellowship – Dartmouth News

The Ivy+ Faculty Advancement Network named six Dartmouth faculty leaders as fellows to join the consortiums yearlong Institute on Inquiry, Equity, and Leadership in the Academic Department.

The networks member universities, made up of the Ivy League and similar institutions, together send a cohort of about 50 faculty leaders to join a series of world-class scholars in higher education to help us examine academic routines, center equity in policies and norms, and ultimately lead more inclusive departments, according to FAN.

Our faculty fellows will be engaging with academic peers from across FAN member institutions to ideate and gain new insights on inclusive practices that they can bring back to their campus departments, saysShontay Delalue, senior vice president and senior diversity officer at Dartmouth and a co-chair of FAN.

This collaboration is built on a series of inquiries that examine climate and culture in the areas that these leaders have the greatest discretion to make improvements. The goal is to provide faculty leaders with tools to create equitable and inclusive spaces in their departments, across the campus, and within the academy, Delalue says.

The Ivy+ fellows were nominated by their deans and selected based on their leadership roles in departments, programs, or institutes and for their commitment to inclusive and equitable leadership, says Vice Provost for Faculty AffairsDean Lacy, a professor of government who serves on FANs executive and steering committees.

Quote

The goal is to provide faculty leaders with tools to create equitable and inclusive spaces in their departments, across the campus, and within the academy.

Attribution

Shontay Delalue, senior vice president and senior diversity officer

Dartmouths fellows from STEM are Professor of Computer ScienceDevin Balkcom, chair of computer science, and Professor of Biological SciencesMagdalena Bezanilla, Ernest Everett Just 1907 Professor and a professor in the molecular and cellular biology graduate program.

The fellow representing the professional schools is Geisel professorMichael Whitfield, chair of the Department of Biomedical Data Science, director of the Center for Quantitative Biology, and co-director of the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Big Data in the Life Sciences Training Program.

Fellows in the humanities are Associate Professor of German StudiesVeronika Fuechtner, the chair of comparative literature and affiliate faculty in Jewish Studies and Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies; Associate Professor of Studio ArtTricia Treacy, chair of the Department of Studio Art; and Associate Professor of Latin American, Latino and Caribbean StudiesDesire Garcia, an affiliate of Film and Media Studies who is participating in the program as an inaugural Mellon Leadership Fellow.

The fellowship includes a series of six workshop sessions over the next academic year, kicking off in September at Columbia University. The first convening will include gatherings and discussions around the inquiry topic equity-minded workloads by design, and the fellows will be organized into crews of peers with whom they will be meeting most often, though not exclusively, over the course of the year.

At their sixth and final meeting in April, held at the University of Pennsylvania, the fellows will design and propose guidelines for interventions likely to yield systemic improvements in diversity and inclusion in the American professoriate.

The Ivy+ FAN fellows shared their thoughts about the program.

Devin Balkcom

Id like to learn how we can most successfully engage students from diverse backgrounds in computer science. How might we think about structuring our introductory courses to be most welcoming and effective? Id also like to learn about what approaches have been most successful in building, and strengthening, a vibrant and diverse community of undergraduate and graduate students who support each other both online and in person.

As interest in computer science has continued to explode, we expect to hire new faculty over the coming years. Id like to understand how we can reach the broadest group of potential faculty members working in the computer science field, and how we can attract strong teachers and scientists to join and support our diverse community.

Magdalena Bezanilla

Im honored to have been nominated as an Ivy+ FAN fellow. I have a longstanding commitment to increasing diversity in STEM. As an undergraduate, I was a physics major where I became acutely aware of the lack of diversity in my classes and among my professors. In fact, it was this lack of diversity that in part caused me to switch gears in graduate school and pursue a PhD in biochemistry, cell and molecular biology.

If I had seen myself, a Hispanic woman, more well-represented in physics, I might have pursued a career in physics. All that is water under the bridge, as I have been very happy and successful as a cell biologist. However, as I teach cell biology to undergraduates, I am reminded of how important representation and diversity are to all disciplines, especially in STEM. I am eager to meet with peers at other institutions to learn more about how we can attain a more diverse and equitable STEM environment from the undergraduate classroom to the faculty offices.

Veronika Fuechtner

I look forward to participating in the Ivy+ program as a way of understanding how other institutions foster diversity and equity, and how Dartmouth as an institution can do better in collaboration with other institutions. I do think that transparency and accountability in the way faculty are supported and mentored throughout their careers is crucial.

I look forward to collectively coming up with sustainable long-term strategies that ensure that everyone on campus feels committed to diversity and invests in this commitment beyond recruitment.

Desire Garcia

If we know anything about how change happens, we know that it must come from above and below. My own experience with the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship (first as an MMUF awardee and subsequently as a mentor) has taught me that a committed investment in the diversification of the professoriate, and by extension our academic institutions, can effect real change. I am thrilled that the Mellon Foundation has committed to effecting change at the level of academic administration.

I look forward to working with the Ivy+ Faculty Advancement Network to learn from my cohort members and to bring those lessons to Dartmouth. I see the fellowship as an opportunity to make change both within the administration and outside of it, expanding the demographics of academic leadership as well as addressing the challenges that face people of color at this institution.

Tricia Treacy

Representing Dartmouth as a 2023-2024 Ivy+ FAN fellow will bring productive conversations, interdisciplinary inquiry, and new perspectives amongst a diverse group of academic leaders. It couldnt be timelier and more crucial after the recent Supreme Court affirmative action decision. Im looking forward to collaborating with my Dartmouth colleagues on this important work.

Michael Whitfield

Participating in the Ivy+ Faculty Advancement Network will allow me to learn how colleagues in other fields have advanced equity, diversity, and inclusion in their own departments and among their trainees. I believe it is extremely important that data science researchers and our trainees bring diverse backgrounds and unique perspectives when considering the problems of the future.

I hope that becoming part of this network will enable me to work with the other fellows and key thought leaders to further develop my own leadership skills to address problems in equity, diversity, and inclusion within my department and more broadly at the Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth.

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National Science Foundation funds NYU Tandon School of Engineering project to safeguard U.S. laws and legal information against cyberattacks and…

Newswise NYU Tandon School of Engineering researchers will develop new technologies to secure the digital legal supply chain the processes by which official laws and legal information are recorded, stored, updated and distributed electronically thanks to a $1.2 million grant just awarded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Justin Cappos, associate professor in the Computer Science and Engineering department at NYU Tandon, heads up the four-year NSF project,Defending the Supply Chain of Democracy: Towards a Cryptographically Verified and Authenticated Network of Laws.His team includes faculty fromUniversity of Wisconsin Law Schooland staff from theOpen Law Library.

In the early 2010s, Cappos builtThe Update Framework (TUF), an open-source technology that secures software system updates and is now used by companies including Microsoft, Google and Amazon.

In 2019, Cappos began collaborating with the non-profitOpen Law Library a digital platform for governments to publish laws online to createThe Archive Framework (TAF). A variation of TUF, TAF is specifically designed to enhance the security of legal materials published by Open Law Library, protecting them from cyberattacks and potential threats from within.

Seven U.S. jurisdictions, including the District of Columbia and the City of San Mateo, currently use TAF through partnerships with Open Law Library, with another four jurisdictions pending.

Under the new NSF grant, Cappos' research team will introduce improvements within TAF. Team members will focus on finding long-term solutions for securely distributing, archiving, and accessing authenticatable laws. Additionally, they plan to integrate authentication systems into the legislative process, providing auditable assurances that passed laws align with the intentions of elected officials.

In a democracy, it's crucial to have a fair and transparent system for making and sharing laws, but cyberattacks and people with malicious intentions can tamper with or hide legal information, undermining trust in digital legal systems, said Cappos. Our aim is to create tools that will help protect and authenticate laws and other legal information from the moment they're introduced in the legislative process all the way to their public distribution.

Cappos research team will also develop tools for releasing authenticatable redacted documents and work on refining the user experience of these systems, making them suitable for adoption by governments of all sizes and capacities.

Securing digital laws and processes is particularly vital, as the pandemic accelerated the transition of government processes to digital-only with no official paper trail, said David Greisen, founder and CEO of Open Law Library.

For its role in the project, University of Wisconsin Law School will collaborate with Open Law Library to expand TAFs real-world usage. UW Law has worked closely with the Open Law Library on anaward-winningpilot programto make American Indian tribal laws the majority of which had been unpublished accessible on library websites. UW Laws focus for the newly funded project will be overcoming obstacles to the adoption and ease-of-use of TAF and the authentication systems in development.

Were working toward the ambitious goal of creating systems sophisticated enough to resist attacks by nation-state actors but accessible to non-technical users, said BJ Ard, associate professor at UW Law School. These efforts have the potential to revolutionize the way millions of lawyers, lawmakers and citizens worldwide engage with the legal system.

This NSF project advances NYU Tandons commitment to cybersecurity research, one of the Schools seven Areas of Excellence, the interdisciplinary fields that frame research priorities. The project is the 12th NSF-granted project spearheaded by Cappos, with his previous work addressing topics such as software supply chain security, making software harder to attack, and studying why security flaws occur in software. Amongst other things, his prior grants have led to a standard for supply chain security which is widely used across industry, a new security architecture adopted by the most widely used version control system, and an over the air updater used to protect major automakers and millions of non-automotive IoT devices.

About New York University Tandon School of Engineering

The NYU Tandon School of Engineering is home to a community of renowned faculty, undergraduate and graduate students united in a mission to understand and create technology that powers cities, enables worldwide communication, fights climate change, and builds healthier, safer, and more equitable real and digital worlds. The schools culture centers on encouraging rigorous, interdisciplinary collaboration and research; fostering inclusivity, entrepreneurial thinking, and diverse perspectives; and creating innovative and accessible pathways for lifelong learning in STEM. NYU Tandon dates back to 1854, the founding year of both the New York University School of Civil Engineering and Architecture and the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute. Located in the heart of Brooklyn, NYU Tandon is a vital part of New York University and its unparalleled global network. For more information, visitengineering.nyu.edu.

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Shrewd apples – Columbia Basin Herald

GRANDVIEW Innov8.ag partnered with Washington State University Extension, the Washington Fruit Growers company and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission to host a Smart Orchard Field Day at Grandview Ranch Wednesday morning. The field day showcased technologies that can automate and assist orchard data collection and growth.

The founder of Innov8.ag, Steve Mantle, said that the Smart Orchard project, a collaboration between the organizations involved in hosting the field day, is in its third year of research.

Basically, the theme here today is about data and how data can be collected, analyzed and then applied to be actionable for a grower, said Mantle.

The Smart Orchard project is located on a Honeycrisp apple orchard block of the Grandview Ranch that is about twenty years old and difficult to manage, said Mantle.

Thats pretty old and gnarly and, frankly, this is Washington Fruitss redheaded stepchild, said Mantle.

The Grandview Ranch is owned and operated by Gilbert Plath, the head of Washington Fruit Growers, according to an informational packet distributed at the field day. Plath said that Washington Fruit Growers allowed the Smart Orchard project to research on the Honeycrisp block in order to see if the project could improve the crop there and help develop better technology for other orchards.

The field day featured a series of presentations on various aspects of the Smart Orchard projects technologies.

The first presentation was conducted by Bernadita Sallato, a tree fruit extension specialist with the WSU Prosser Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, WSU Intern Elijah Lin and Jill Tonne, a crop consultant with Nutrien Ag Solutions. This presentation dealt with nutrients and nutrient sample collection in the orchard.

Mantle also said that the field day was also focused on involving younger individuals in agricultural research and careers, including a number of WSU students such as Lin, a computer science major involved in hosting the field day or participating in the Smart Orchard project.

There's a key theme in here around the next generation, said Mantle. We've got a number of different students that have been engaged around here that are not typically studying agricultureSo how can we inspire those folks that there actually are really cool data opportunities and careers in agriculture and precision ag?

The next presentation was on chemical spray technologies and how they affect orchard blossom characteristics. The speakers were WSU Professor Lav Khot, WSU Regional Extension Specialist Gwen Hoheisel and Mantle.

The final presentation of the field day was on irrigation technologies, specifically sensors and data collection devices and their role in a smart orchard. It was hosted by Mike van Bavel, president of Dynamax Inc., a monitoring instrumentation manufacturer, and Val King, the director of business and development in North America for Swan Systems, a water and nutrient management service.

After the scheduled presentations the event shifted to an open-ended showcase of different technologies from informational booths hosted by various agricultural organizations and businesses, including those that presented earlier in the day.

I think the other piece here too, said Mantle, is you're seeing the turnoutreally kind of rallying us all together so that we can more be on the same page and collaborate together and ultimately end up with better offerings for growers as well. So yeah, it's going well.

Gabriel Davis may be reached at gdavis@columbiabasinherald.com.

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University of Waterloo ranked 22nd on list of world’s top computer … – CTV News Kitchener

Published July 31, 2023 12:59 p.m. ET

The University of Waterloo (UW) is among the top 25 institutions in the world to study computer science at, according to a new list.

Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), a British company that releases regular rankings of universities around the globe, placed UW 22nd on its 2023 list of the best schools for computer science and information systems.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ranked first, while two other Canadian schools cracked the top 25. The University of Toronto and University of British Columbia placed 10th and 21st respectively.

Meanwhile, the Waterloo Economic Development Corporation says recruiters should also look at the number of students enrolled in a particular university a metric that places University of Waterloo on top.

[The QS University Rankings] might tell you which graduates your recruitment team should covet. But it doesnt give any indication of the quantity of graduates theyd be competing for, the Waterloo Economic Development Corporation said in a blog post. Sure, the top schools produce great talent, but when theyre ready to hit the job market, will they even be available?

Among the top 25 schools, University of Waterloo has the most students enrolled in computer science and computer engineering, with 4,790.

Thats more than the three California schools on the list California UC Berkeley, UCLA and Stanford University combined.

Theres a reason the University of Waterloo is also one of the most important sources of talent for Silicon Valley its a school that combines quantity with its incredible quality, the Waterloo Economic Development Corporation said.

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PROOF POINTS: A spate of recent studies on the "Google effect … – The Hechinger Report

One of the great debates in education spans more than two millennia.

Around 370 B.C., Plato wrote that his teacher Socrates fretted that writing things down would cause humans to become ignorant because they wouldnt have to memorize anything. (Ironically, the only reason we know this is because it was written down in Platos Phaedrus, still available today.)

Albert Einstein argued the opposite in 1921. It is not so very important for a person to learn facts, the Nobel laureate said, according to his biographer Philipp Frank. The value of an education in a liberal arts college is not the learning of many facts but the training of the mind to think something that cannot be learned from textbooks.

But neither of these great thinkers could anticipate how the debate would play out in the Age of Google. Not long after the search engine company was founded in 1998, psychologists began to wonder how the ability to have so much information instantly available was changing our brains. A seminal 2011 paper established the so-called Google effect, our tendency to forget information that we can easily look up on the internet.

The researchers didnt actually study how people use Google or any internet search engine. Instead they drafted a list of trivia items, such as the fact that an ostrichs eye is bigger than its brain. Then, in a series of experiments, they documented how university students were less likely to recall these facts when they thought they had saved them in a computer file for future reference. Students who were told they wouldnt be able to refer to the trivia later did much better on recall assessments.

Participants apparently did not make the effort to remember when they thought they could later look up the trivia statements they had read, the researchers wrote, and they believed that this is what was happening to the rest of us every day with Google. Because search engines are continually available to us, we may often be in a state of not feeling we need to encode the information internally. When we need it, we will look it up.

The study made a huge splash in the journal Science, followed by popular articles about the Google effect. Would we all suffer from digital amnesia and cease to learn things that were readily available at our fingertips in seconds? People argued about how serious the problem was in a modern replay of the debate that captivated Socrates and Einstein. Is it better to not waste precious brain space on inane trivia and free the mind for more substantial thoughts? Others argued some things are worth remembering even if we can look them up, and worried that our brains would atrophy without the discipline of memorization.

But here the narrative goes sideways, as it often does in scientific exploration. Other researchers couldnt replicate the Google effect when they repeated similar memory experiments. In a 2018 article, 24 researchers declared that the Google effect was one of many dubious claims in social sciences. That same year, the veracity of the Google effect was debated at the annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, where scholars described repeated failures. Many researchers said they didnt find that people were able to remember deleted information better than saved information. That conference generated a flurry of essays and commentaries about the confusion over how the internet was changing human cognition and memory.

The skepticism in the research community clashed with our gut feelings. So many of us, including this writer, have had the experience of quickly forgetting information that we have Googled. The debate generated yet more studies that are starting to refine our understanding of the Google effect and suggest ways to cope with it.

Subsequent researchers have since been able to replicate the Google effect when they tweaked the trivia experiment. In a paper published in 2021, University of California Santa Cruz researchers began by adding a confirmation step. Participants first took a practice quiz where they could refer to the trivia they had saved in a file. Later, when researchers intentionally crashed the save feature, those participants were terrible at remembering the facts. Participants who werent expecting to be able to refer to the information later recalled more trivia than those who were planning to refer to their notes, which had vanished.

Still, no actual Googling took place in those adjusted experiments. More interesting are experiments that directly study internet search. Another 2021 paper, Information without knowledge: the effects of Internet search on learning directly compared internet searching to giving people the answers. One might imagine that the active quest of seeking answers should improve our absorption of information, but the opposite happened. Those who were simply given the information on computer screens and told to read it learned more.

When people see how to reliably access new information using Google, they become less likely to store that information in their own memory, the authors concluded.

The problem was not that the Googlers had failed in their online research. Researchers confirmed that the Googlers had found the exact same information that other study participants had been given to read. For example, participants would receive the following instruction: Topic: Autism Treatment Options. Please search online for the apa.org page with the text about this topic to confirm details about it. They were reminded that the quiz questions would be based on the information from the website. Participants searched for the article and read it. To prove they had navigated to the correct place, participants had to copy and paste the URL from the website they accessed.

The researchers also tested whether there was a difference between Googling and clicking on internet links. The links sent people directly to the web pages that had the correct information. Again, the Google searchers lost; they performed worse on an assessment than those who accessed the exact same information through a link.

Across five different experiments, those who searched the internet not only scored lower in a quiz, but they were also just as confident that they had mastered the material. In some cases, the Google searchers were significantly more confident.

There are two lessons from this study. The first is that the stuff were Googling isnt sticking in our memories and is quickly forgotten. Its far more direct proof of the Google effect than the earlier trivia studies. The second lesson is that we are also overestimating how much weve learned from Google searches. That overconfidence is bad for learning because if we think we already know something, we might study less.

Peps McCrea, a U.K. educator and a writer, brought this Google search study to my attention in his newsletter, Evidence Snacks. His advice to teachers: Where possible, its probably best that we just teach it rather than getting our students to just Google it.

That advice runs counter to the notion that students generally learn best when they discover answers for themselves. By no means does this study suggest that all inquiry learning is wrongheaded, but it certainly does suggest that there is a time and place for direct, explicit instruction especially when the alternative is having students conduct research themselves over the internet.

McCrea also highlighted another 2021 paper, which suggests better ways to use Google. In Answer First or Google First? Using the Internet in ways that Enhance, not Impair, Ones Subsequent Retention of Needed Information, study participants who attempted a computer programming task before consulting Google for help outperformed participants who were allowed to search Google right away.

The benefit of attempting a problem before Googling was larger for people who already had computer programming experience. Thats consistent with a large body of cognitive science research that shows the importance of prior knowledge. Without it, its hard to absorb new information because we cant connect it to what we already know.(Socrates had a point; knowing things matters for learning.)

But human nature is to do the opposite and Google before trying. In a 2022 paper, Thinking first versus googling first: Preferences and consequences, the same authors confirmed that people have better recall when they think before they Google, but four out of five participants preferred to Google first. It might seem strange that thinking first helps even if you dont know the answer. But thats consistent with research dating back decades showing that even a failed attempt to remember something can boost the learning of new information. An initial act of thought helps to facilitate the formation of memories.

These studies dont resolve the old debate of what we ought to memorizethat engaged Socrates and Einstein. But it seems worthwhile to pause before Googling and take a guess. Even a wrong guess may help you remember the right information after you Google. And who knows, maybe the arcana will add to your reservoir of knowledge and will ultimately help you learn something far more worthwhile.

This story about theGoogle effect was written by Jill Barshay and produced byThe Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up forProof Pointsand otherHechinger newsletters.

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Narrowing the gender gap in venture capital – Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Isabella Mandis discovered the world of venture capital (VC) through a friend at Stanford. Mandis, a rising second-year studying computer science at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), wanted to learn more about that world, so she started joining similar clubs here, such as The MBA Fund and Venture Capital Group. It didnt take long for Mandis to recognize that not enough women were involved in VC.

I loved working for female founders when I was younger, and Im really passionate about supporting them, Mandis said. I wanted to build a community around women, which didnt really exist.

Mandis experience reflects a larger trend. Companies founded by women receive less than 3 percent of all VC investments, according to a recent article from the Harvard Business Review, and under 15 percent of all investors identify as women. Studies have shown women are more likely to invest in companies founded by women, so increasing the number of female venture capitalists could help counter these trends.

Mandis is trying to do this with Girls Who VC, an organization she founded at the start of this year. A mix of college students interested in VC and women already working in that field, the community fosters mentorship opportunities and guidance. The organization, which now has over 2,000 members, also produces podcasts, blog posts, newsletters, social media, mentorship, ambassador and scout programs to give aspiring venture capitalists hands-on experiences.

Ive always been really passionate about equity, Mandis said. A lot of my early responses from women working in the field said things like, This is amazing, I wish I had this, how can I help? That made me realize that we dont have enough women aspiring to be venture capitalists, but thats a problem I can help solve.

Girls Who VC began as a simple LinkedIn post last December, which included an interest form on the groups website. Mandis then spent her winter break building the website, messaging numerous women about potentially joining. Along with established investors, Mandis also reached out to women in computer science or entrepreneurship clubs at other colleges, suggesting venture capital as a potential outlet for their interests. Mandis is a member of the Women in Computer Science club at SEAS. Girls Who VC is inspired by Girls Who Code, an international nonprofit organization she was part of in high school.

Ive always been passionate about technology and knew that was where I wanted to end up, especially emerging technologies, she said. Doing something people actually care about and want to join has been really cool.

At first, Mandis produced all her organizations content. She has since expanded her team to spread out some of the content-creation responsibilities, initially funding them through her Harvard Student Agencies job as a procurement manager at The Harvard Shop. She secured additional funding with a Spark Grant from the Harvard Innovation Labs.

We have aspiring people who want to learn more about the field and know nothing about it, she said. We also have students in organizations that have exposed them to the field, and then we have women acting as mentors who are actually working in VC. Im trying to cater to all of them, where people with more experience share what theyve learned, and the people who know nothing can engage with introductory content.

The organization has already produced positive results. Multiple members have taken on internships at VC funds they discovered through Girls Who VC, and Mandis said a female founder secured investment from a venture capitalist she met through the group. Mandis is hoping to scale up the clubs activities in the coming school year, including a potential in-person conference.

The hardest thing is managing a team and making sure the content we produce is all at a level Im proud of, she said. We want to make sure were helping as many people as we can without sacrificing the quality of the work were doing as we grow.

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Dr. Daniel J. Rags Ragsdale Tapped for Senior Role in White House Office of the National Cyber Director – Yahoo Finance

Two Six Technologies

40-year DOD, DARPA, and Military Veteran Returns to Government Service as Deputy Assistant Director

ARLINGTON, Va., Aug. 07, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Two Six Technologies, a high-growth technology company dedicated to providing products and expertise to national security customers, announced that Daniel J. Rags Ragsdale, Ph.D. has accepted a position in the Office of the National Cyber Director (ONCD) as Deputy Assistant Director for Workforce and Education. Ragsdale will assume the new position on August 14, 2023, where he will focus on cyber workforce and education, as part of the national initiative announced by The White House on July 31, 2023. He will also be called upon to lead interagency coordination efforts and to serve in a mentorship capacity.

Ragsdale brought to Two Six Technologies a 40-year record of service in the U.S. Army, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and DARPA, amassing unparalleled expertise in cybersecurity and cyber operations. During his two years at Two Six, he made significant contributions, initially serving as Vice President for Research and Development, and later as Vice President for DoD Strategy. In both positions, his collaborative efforts contributed directly to the notable growth Two Six Technologies experienced in both sponsored research and sponsored transition during his tenure.

Rags as hes affectionately known joined Two Six at a critical juncture, just six months after it was formed, and his contributions to and effect on his team and the company were immediate, said Joe Logue, CEO of Two Six Technologies. Under his direction, the teams he led made a substantial impact on our organic growth and strategic expansion. Were not at all surprised Rags was recruited for this crucial role, where hell apply his dedication, passion, and leadership skills to the benefit of our countrys national security.

Chris Inglis, who served as ONCDs inaugural Director, added: "Dan is a national treasure whose innumerable contributions to the cybersecurity profession over the course of three decades have inspired my work and thousands of others fortunate to have been mentored by him. His skills, experience, and leadership abilities will be an invaluable resource for the ONCD mission, in particular for the Technology and Ecosystem Line of Effort.

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Prior to Two Six Technologies, Ragsdale served as the DODs Acting Director of Defense Research and Engineering for Modernization, where he was responsible for driving DOD-wide innovation by facilitating development and facilitation of advanced technologies for the Joint force. Before that, he was Principal Director for Cyber, responsible for coordinating cyber modernization efforts across the DOD.

Earlier positions include founding director of the Texas A&M Cybersecurity Center; DARPA Program Manager, overseeing a $175M portfolio cybersecurity, cyber operations, and behavioral science R&D programs; 30 years in the U.S. Army in a variety of operational, R&D, and educational roles; and nearly 15 years on the faculty at the United States Military Academy, West Point, culminating as Vice Dean for Education.

Ragsdale is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy. He earned a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Texas A&M University.

Over the past four decades I have had the good fortune to serve in a wide variety of leadership roles as a career Army officer, a DOD civilian, and in the private sector at Two Six Technologies, said Ragsdale. I absolutely resonate with Two Sixs people first, mission-focused mantra, and Im proud to have been part of the companys rapid growth over the past two years. I leave Two Six with a deep sense of accomplishment, and the utmost respect for its truly exceptional leadership team and consistently excellent personnel.

About Two Six Technologies

Two Six Technologies is a high-growth technology company dedicated to providing products and expertise to national security customers. The company solves complex technical challenges in five areas that are key to national security missions: cyber, information operations, electronic systems, analytics, and secure solutions.

The company offers a family of operationally deployed products including IKE, M3, Pulse, SIGMA, and TrustedKeep; a robust suite of sole source contract vehicles; and a global operational footprint that includes a technical presence in more than 40 countries, coupled with native proficiency in more than 20 languages.

Two Sixs major customers include the Department of Defense, including U.S. Special Operations Command, U.S. Cyber Command and DARPA; Department of State; the Intelligence Community; and the Department of Homeland Security. Two Six is headquartered in Arlington, VA and employs more than 650 professionals across the country.

For more information, visittwosixtech.com,@twosixtechon Twitter, and Two Six Technologies onLinkedIn.

More Information and Media Contact:David LeachTwo Six Technologies(703) 782-9473David.Leach@twosixtech.com

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Dr. Daniel J. Rags Ragsdale Tapped for Senior Role in White House Office of the National Cyber Director - Yahoo Finance

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AI could speed up formation of material laws | Binghamton News – Binghamton

For hundreds of years, scientists and engineers have relied on analytical formulas to codify important material laws. For instance, Hookes law defines a materials elastic properties, and Ohms law calculates the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit.

Assistant Professor Pu Zhang hopes that liquid metal can be used in wearable electronics, bioelectronics for medical usage and soft robotics. Image Credit: Jonathan Cohen.

Material laws today, however, are far more complicated. Heres one example from Binghamton University Assistant Professor Pu Zhangs research: The electrical conductivity of a soft conductive material, an important component in soft electronics, is generally mapped out as a tensor function form in 12-dimension space.

Recognizing those patterns and breaking them down into simple-to-use mathematical formulas can take years often decades of experimentation and derivation, even for the most skilled scientists and engineers.

Zhang, a faculty member at the Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Mechanical Engineering, wants to speed up the material law discovery process with artificial intelligence, and a recent $294,992 grant from the National Science Foundation will fund his research.

Thanks to the launch of ChatGPT last fall, both the promises and pitfalls of AI systems moved into the cultural mainstream. AI is nothing new, though: Researchers have been refining and improving the technology since the 1950s.

Over the past few years, Zhang has studied the conductive properties of liquid metal materials. In 2022, he received an NSF CAREER Award to explore his ideas about liquid metal networks in soft electronics that can bend or stretch without breaking.

He will collaborate with Assistant Professor Lin Cheng at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts to develop a new AI technique to generate analytical material laws.

If we have raw data about how a materials physical properties change during deformation, we aim to find the specific mathematical formulas of material laws, Zhang said. It used to take years to develop one new law. Now with these AI algorithms, maybe in a day you can discover a lot. This will revolutionize the whole field.

To figure out a new path, Zhang and Cheng will look to symbolic AI, which interprets and generates equations instead of words as ChatGPT does.

People have developed plugins you can add to ChatGPT to interpret simple mathematical equations, mostly on a K to 12 level, Zhang said. For university research, what we need is very advanced math on a graduate-school level, and this is still something ChatGPT even the add-ons cannot do.

The researchers also hope to shed more light on the opaque way that AI often works, which makes results difficult to adjust and interpret.

A mainstream approach in the past few years has been AI and data-based modeling, Zhang said. They train a huge neural network thats like a black box you input data, you get output data, thats it. Nobody knows whats really going on in the black box. Its very hard to use because you download a code and not a mathematical formula you can use directly.

Another recurring problem with AI algorithms: They sometimes offer plausible responses that are completely wrong a phenomenon that computer programmers call hallucinations. For instance, it might incorrectly summarize a book that an author never wrote or cite legal precedents that never actually happened.

While clearly any formulas will need to be checked through experimentation, Zhang hopes that hallucinations and other troubling output can be avoided.

One advantage of our symbolic AI technique is that we have a firm mathematical foundation, which will add all the physical constraints with material laws automatically, he said. At least it wont be too wrong, and it will help the algorithm to find the right functions.

Zhang and Cheng submitted their proposal to the NSF before the nonprofit OpenAI launched ChatGPT, but now its a hot topic for researchers, students and the tech industry. Although they are developing their software to solve materials science problems, the principles could be applied to many different endeavors that seek analytical formulas from raw data.

Its a big time for AI, not only for computer science but for all other scientific fields, Zhang said. Before ChatGPT, the research community was still conservative about AI many people were still against it. People would say its a black box or its curve-fitting to predict a desired outcome. After ChatGPT, many people changed their minds. They started to recognize the potential of AI and embrace it.

At the end of the three-year project, the researchers plan to host a website where users can upload data and let the algorithm develop relevant equations for teaching and research purposes. From there, they could expand through further funding to boost hardware and software capabilities or license the technology to a software company.

Zhang admits hes not sure how AI will change his research, academia or society in general, but he expects many things will shift in a short time.

This area is developing very, very quickly, he said. Within five to 10 years, we will see a revolution. Ive never seen such a situation before. In the past 20 years, we have seen so many leaps in nanotechnology, energy and 3D printing, but this wave of AI feels different.

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AI could speed up formation of material laws | Binghamton News - Binghamton

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Is a coding bootcamp worth it? – Fortune

Photo illustration by Fortune; Original photo by Getty Images

Breaking into the tech world can seem like an uphill battle in todays fast-paced world.

With the ever-increasing demand for skilled software and web developers, coding bootcamps have popped up around the country as an alternative to degree programs for those seeking a shortcut to a career in coding and a potential salary increase.

With bootcamps, students can pay less money and spend less time skill-building compared to traditional education pathways and still be able to snag a job at a top company.

Many coding bootcamps also boast that more than 90% of job-eligible graduates land a job within a year of graduating. And some programs are so confident that grads will secure a job within a few months that they provide a money-back guarantee.

But are these intensive, short-term programs genuinely worth the investment? The short answer could be yesif youre willing to skip the college degree, have discipline for online coursework, and take advantage of career coaching opportunities.

An emphasis on practical skills and project-based learning

One of the key selling points of coding bootcamps is their emphasis on practical, job-ready skills with a prioritization on hands-on experience and project-based learning.

By focusing on real-world applications and industry-relevant technologies, bootcamp graduates can quickly acquire the necessary skills to enter the workforce and make an immediate impactwhile earning a respectable salary. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average annual wage for computer and IT occupations exceeds $95,000.

Bootcamps also empower students with the hard and soft skills required to land a jobsomething universities have not historically emphasized, says Seth Greenberg, vice president of program operations at Springboard, an online bootcamp with data science, software engineering, and cybersecurity courses.

Were equipping you with the skills not just to get the first job out of coming out of our programs, but also to navigate future job searches, which you are likely to do many, many times in your career, Greenberg tells Fortune.

Price-wise, an entire bootcamp can cost you less than a semester at a private university and help you avoid general education requirements that may slow your career aspirations. Many bootcamps have total costs between $10,000 and $20,000, which your post-grad salary increase may more than cover.

So, whats the real impact for bootcamp students? According to Course Report, bootcamp alums receive an average salary increase of 51%, with subsequent jobs potentially providing even more significant earnings boosts. At Springboard, in particular, software engineers see an average $28,000 increase in salary.

Coding bootcamp benefits also extend beyond graduate salary bumps. Employers often love that bootcamp candidates have a portfolio of work resulting from skills-based learning while building projects and working in groups, says Lupe Colangelo, manager of outcomes partnerships at General Assemblya firm offering web development, software engineering, and data science training.

With all these perks, learning to code via a bootcamp is gradually becoming a norm. In fact, one in 10 developers reported they learned to code from a coding bootcamp, according to Stack Overflows Developer Survey. Moreover, these camps boost the entire marketplace by training the next generation of developers in the most in-demand languages like Python, SQL and JavaScript.

Access networking and career services

With many bootcamps maintaining strong relationships with startups and large companies alike, students have immediate access to internships and direct employment opportunities after graduation. According to Colangelo, corporations, nonprofits, and even government agencies of all sizes and industries hire bootcamp graduates. Amazon and JPMorgan Chase are two of the largest employers of bootcamp grads, but John Deere and Madison Reed are also examples of landing spots.

Many bootcamps highlight their commitment to helping students search for jobs, network, and negotiate through mentorship and career coaching services.

We just believe that its not just providing access to curriculum, but also a lot of the human support, thats critical to land a job and continue to thrive in your career, Greenberg says.

Some bootcamps, including Springboard, offer a job guarantee. If eligible students cant find employment within six months of graduation, they could be eligible for a full refund. This guarantee can help ensure that time and money dedicated to a bootcamp will net real career results.

With many bootcamps having thousands of graduates, its also possible to use their alum networks to pave your path toward a position at your dream company.

Greater flexibility, accessibility compared to degree programs

Traditional college computer science programs can pose multi-year-long challenges for some students with work or family obligations. Coding bootcamps, on the other hand, stand out with their shorter learning formats. This difference is meaningful for someone eager to swiftly accelerate their tech career and those hoping to save money.

Its much, much more cost-effective. Were doing it in a much shorter amount of time and teaching you what is essential, Greenberg says.

Programs can last anywhere from just a few weeks to a few months, depending on the level of intensity. Bootcamps offer full-time immersive programs, sometimes even in-person (like these New York bootcamps), and part-time options.

A new day for students and recruiters

With ever-increasing hiring needs, employers are challenged when using traditional recruiting methods when searching for skilled tech talent. According to Colangelo, nearly nine out of 10 hiring managers are not confident that their approaches to recruiting and hiring are working. Bootcamp grads could find that theyre in the right place at the right time and ready with the necessary skills to ease employer pain pointsmaking today an intriguing time for potential bootcamp students to consider this path.

So if youre curious whether a coding bootcamp could boost your skill set and salary, the answer is a definite maybe. Bootcamps may provide a shorter, more flexible, and cheaper way to gain skills and access to career and networking services. Still, the key to finding the best bootcamp for your need will be to determine what skills your career interests require and see what educational pathway can best help you achieve that dream. Then, you can change that maybe to a yes.

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Is a coding bootcamp worth it? - Fortune

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