Cloud Hosting

Theoretical physicist and YouTuber Sabine Hossenfelder, shown in a photo taken in December at the University of Oxford in England, turned to YouTube "to keep my sanity" during the dark days of the pandemic. Anthony Sajdler hide caption

Theoretical physicist and YouTuber Sabine Hossenfelder, shown in a photo taken in December at the University of Oxford in England, turned to YouTube "to keep my sanity" during the dark days of the pandemic.

The dark days of the COVID-19 pandemic helped transform Sabine Hossenfelder into an unlikely social media star. In the process, she has raised a few eyebrows among her fellow scientists. She's also made an important discovery that just might bode well for her future research.

Hossenfelder turned to YouTube "to keep my sanity" when she was unable to go to her office at Germany's Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies. Actually, you might say she returned. She'd started a channel in 2007 but just hadn't been very active. Then came a rebranding Science without the gobbledygook. Today, she has 1 million subscribers (up from 50,000) and also enjoys a strong and growing contingent of Patreon supporters.

Several times a month, the theoretical physicist and mathematician drops a new video, dispensing her dry wit and pithy wisdom to a loyal fan base of nerds across the internet.

She takes her role as a science communicator seriously, aiming her videos at an audience seeking context. "People can go to my channel and get the brief, 20-minute summary," Hossenfelder says. "They don't have to read a whole book or download a review article, which they won't understand anyway."

Her channel stakes out the no-man's land between gee-whiz science and the heavyweight journals. From her experience as a freelance writer, Hossenfelder says she "knew full-well that there were stories you just can't get by an editor, not because they're wrong, but because they have no timely hook." She aims to fill that gap.

It all comes packaged with a spoonful of humor to help the science go down:

Are we all living in a computer simulation? "I quite like the idea ... it gives me hope that things will be better on the next level," she says.

Why does 5G technology use high frequencies? "There's a reason they haven't been previously used for telecommunication, and it's not because millimeter waves are also used as goodbyes for in-laws."

As her YouTube channel has gained traction, Hossenfelder has been able to hire a handful of writers, though she still writes most of her own jokes. She's no longer at the Frankfurt Institute but has a research position at the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy. Meanwhile, her dive into social media has allowed her to largely escape the perpetual pursuit of research grants that she says is "always kind of like a lottery."

Posting videos to the internet, it turns out, generates a more reliable revenue stream to fund her work in quantum gravity. YouTube provides some money directly, but Hossenfelder gets more through sponsors who advertise on her channel, Patreon supporters and donations. Crunching the numbers, she "realized that so long as I would keep producing interesting content, I would have an income."

Hossenfelder's science channel has also become a ready platform for her somewhat contrarian views on the state of physics. Among them is what she sees as the problem of beauty, the pursuit of simplicity. Specifically, how her colleagues who try to fathom the fundamental underpinnings of the universe are obsessed with it.

As far back as the Renaissance, scientists have sought compact and elegant descriptions of space, time and motion: a sort of scientific version of Occam's razor that the simplest explanation tends to be the correct one. But as we seek answers in a complex universe, Hossenfelder cautions that the quest for simplicity could be a dead end. Her 2018 book on the topic, Lost in Math: How Beauty Leads Physics Astray, served as something of a shot across the bow of modern physics.

Fellow physicists, she contends, "have come up with very narrow notions of beauty, which they derived from things that worked in the past."

"It's all well and fine. It's worth a try," she says. "But now they've gotten stuck on it. This is why you see so many ideas that fail over and over again."

Sabine Hossenfelder via YouTube

In her mind, one such failure has been the effort to explain dark matter, the so-far undetected and unexplained something that makes up a large percentage of the universe. "At the point where we are now, it's pretty clear that it can't be a simple story. It's got to be something more complicated than some kind of new particle," she says.

To be sure, Hossenfelder, 47, isn't the only physicist wondering aloud how far the standard model of particle physics can be pushed in the service of dark matter. She describes herself as "pretty much a voice in the wilderness," but some others, such as astrophysicist Pavel Kroupa, have publicly expressed similar skepticism.

Patricia Rankin, who chairs the department of physics at Arizona State University, says that while she doesn't entirely agree with Hossenfelder's views on physics, "I'm definitely in sympathy with a lot of what she says about it being important to actually delineate what science can and can't tell us." She praises Hossenfelder for "[challenging] people's assumptions ... because that's really what science is all about."

Stacy McGaugh, a professor of astronomy at Case Western Reserve University, met Hossenfelder at a conference several years ago, where they were both on the roster of speakers. They discovered a shared view on many issues, including that the gaping hole in physics left by dark matter might be at least partially filled by a modified theory of gravity. The two have since collaborated on multiple scientific papers. "She's very frank and plainspoken and is not afraid to speak her mind. And that's great," McGaugh says.

That frankness has placed her at odds with some big guns of science, including Don Lincoln, a physicist and researcher at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) outside of Chicago. Unlike Hossenfelder, his work is focused on the experimental side of cutting-edge physics. Lincoln, a fixture on Fermilab's YouTube channel, co-discovered the top quark in 1995 and was part of the team in 2012 that discovered the Higgs boson at Europe's Large Hadron Collider. He and Hossenfelder have occasionally sparred online, he says.

"It's not like we are mortal enemies or anything like that," he's careful to point out. But in a recent episode of Science without the gobbledygook, Hossenfelder took experimental scientists to task for their pursuit of ever-larger, more-powerful and expensive colliders that she believes have little prospect of making important new discoveries.

Lincoln, however, says there are good reasons to believe that dark matter will turn out to be previously unseen particles and not some modified form of gravity. "Most cosmologists would say that while it's true that these modified motion and modified gravity theories can be made to work pretty well on the size of rotating galaxies, or the size of clusters of galaxies, where they fail is on the truly cosmic scale," he says.

Sabine Hossenfelder via YouTube

Hossenfelder has also staked out a number of contentious and not-so-contentious positions through her writings and more than 300 YouTube videos:

Artificial intelligence? "It's going to make a lot of things much more consumer friendly. And mostly I think it's a good thing."

Climate change? "I don't think it's an existential threat. Not by itself, but it's a threat multiplier."

Hossenfelder also "totally believes" in extraterrestrial intelligence. "I would say abundant in the universe. But abundant in our galaxy? I don't know."

On a parallel track to her science channel, Hossenfelder has produced an eclectic mix of music videos, ranging from Beethoven's Ode to Joy to a cover of "Galaxy Song" from the 1983 Monty Python film The Meaning of Life. She learned most of it at YouTube University. "I am mostly interested in audio mixing. I have a thing for quirky sound effects and synths and echoes and reverb and all kinds of distortions," she says.

Juggling the roles of scientist and content creator with her personal life she lives with her husband and has twin daughters in their early teens can be a bit overwhelming, she acknowledges. Besides YouTube, she's on Substack and also hosts a podcast. "If I had the time, I would probably be on TikTok, but at the moment I just can't do it," Hossenfelder says.

It's more acceptable nowadays to be both a scientist and someone who explains science to the public, she says. Giants such as the late Carl Sagan and, more recently, Neil deGrasse Tyson have helped pave the way. But among her fellow scientists, "there's still this line of thought that Sabine is not doing research anymore ... that she's now doing YouTube," Hossenfelder says.

"Basically I don't care. I do my thing," she says.

McGaugh, Hossenfelder's collaborator and co-author, expresses concern that her heavy commitment to social media might inevitably crowd out her research. "I can see the pressures," he admits. "But Sabine so far has managed to do both."

Arizona State's Rankin says Hossenfelder's efforts to fund her own research, while unusual today, hark back to an era when gentlemen scientists put up their own money to build scientific instruments, such as telescopes, and pay for scientific expeditions. "But then ... it was like you just couldn't afford to do science unless you were funded through a federal government," Rankin says.

It remains to be seen whether others follow Hossenfelder's lead. Regardless, she's continuing to build her brand with plans to add quizzes to go with the YouTube videos that she hopes will "help with understanding the material."

Last year, she published her second book, Existential Physics: A Scientist's Guide to Life's Biggest Questions. And she's working on two new scientific papers.

While the gender divide in physics is marginally less stark in Germany than in America by one estimate, a quarter of Ph.D.s in physics are women there, while it's only about a fifth in the U.S. Hossenfelder eschews the "role model" label.

"I'm a sarcastic, annoying, permanently grumpy middle-aged woman, and no one in their right mind should strive to be anything like me," she says.

Read more here:

She got famous on YouTube. Now it helps fund her research in ... - NPR

Its not very often that you meet your heroes, let alone give a seminar in the same series as them.

Thats what happened to Dr Niels Gresnigt, Associate Professor at XJTLUs Department of Physics. Dr Gresnigt was invited to give a lecture and be an advisor for the online lecture series Octonions, Standard Model, and Unification (OSMU23).

The seminars, occurring fortnightly between February and December 2023, feature ongoing research from eminent physicists and mathematicians working on space-time structures in quantum theory.

As if giving a talk was not nerve-wracking enough, Dr Gresnigts audience included some of the most extraordinary minds in the world of science, including Professor Sir Roger Penrose, who also gave the opening seminar of the series.

Over the course of his career, Professor Penrose has won several of the most prestigious prizes in physics, including the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics and the 1988 Wolf Prize, which he shared with Stephen Hawking.

Other well-known physicists will also deliver lectures in the series, including Professors Basil Hiley, Albert Schwarz, Robert Arnott Wilson, and Geoffrey Dixon.

The speakers at each seminar focus on the physics and mathematics that describe the different elementary particles that make up our universe and their possible interactions.

The standard model of particle physics explains how elementary particles interact through strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces. Although it does a wonderful job of predicting the outcomes of experiments, some theoretical questions remain unanswered.

To answer these concerns, recent research has suggested adopting a particular type of number system called a division algebra. The largest of these number systems, known as the octonions, is one of only four found in nature, says Dr Gresnigt.

Octonions a number system that may hold the key to understanding the laws of nature

During Dr Gresnigts talk, he outlined some ideas of how they might mathematically describe the behaviour of particles within the algebraic framework of the division algebras.

He also discussed a curious association between these algebraic models and a topological description of particles in terms of simple braids: sets of parallel strings that are intertwined in a specific way.

Braids sets of parallel strings that are intertwined in a specific way

This series has brought together over 20 physicists and mathematicians, and Dr Gresnigt says he has already built collaborations and connections with other speakers in this series.

He says: A number of physicists and mathematicians around the world focus on using octonions and the other division algebras to understand why we observe the particles that we do and to explain their behaviour.

Consequently, this seminar series provides a chance for us to exchange ideas, collaborate on research projects, and move forward.

The idea that division algebras may underlie the rules of nature is what inspired the current lecture series.

Dr Niels Gresnigt delivering his online lecture

OSMU23 was presented by the Archive Trust for Research in Mathematical Sciences and Philosophy (Oxford) and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (Pune).

Dr Niels Gresnigt joined XJTLU in August 2014. His research interests include theoretical high energy physics and loop quantum gravity.

His recent study is Braided matter interactions in quantum gravity via one-handle attachment. Clickhereto read it.

By Qinru Liu

Edited by Catherine Diamond and Patricia Pieterse

Go here to read the rest:

Researcher talks space-time structures alongside Nobel laureate ... - Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

Schrodinger Control Optimal Planning for Goal-Based Wealth Management

Science

Erwin Schrdinger. Nobel foundationhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-

Is the wealth management problem a quantum control problem in disguise?

Leaving jokes aside, I believe that the answer to this question becomes affirmative in a very precise sense encoded in the word disguise, which means here mathematically equivalent. Though establishing this equivalence was not specifically my initial objective, this is a by-product of my latest research that I am very happy to share here.

Erwin Schrdinger as a young man

More specifically, the new paper shows that the framework of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, more specifically of quantum optimal control.

Schrdinger equation

Moreover, the exact mathematical framework where the problem of optimal retirement planning can be solved in the most tractable way. As quantum control can be very naturally (at least in theory) implemented with quantum computers, potential applications of quantum computing to wealth management modeling can be a very interesting venue for future research.

This paper addresses a problem routinely solved (or at least supposed to be routinely solved) by millions of working individuals who participate in retirement saving plans such as the 401(K) plans in the US, or similar programs worldwide. The problem is to plan an optimal contribution schedule to their investment portfolio so that their wealth by the time of retirement will be above a certain target wealth level at a certain probability confidence level.

Newtons laws of motion, combined with his law of gravity, allow the prediction of howplanets,moons, and other objects orbit through theSolar System, and they are a vital part of planningspace travel. During the 1968Apollo 8mission, astronautBill Anderstook this photo,Earthrise; on their way back to Earth, Anders remarked, I thinkIsaac Newtonis doing most of the driving right now.[1]

NASA/Bill Andershttp://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a410/AS8-14-2383HR.jpg

Unlike the passive dynamics problem of the conventional quantum mechanics, in tasks of quantum control, the objective is to control the Schrodinger potential in order to bring a quantum system into a desired terminal state at a smallest cost or in a shortest time. In the same way, here we control the degree of non-linearity of the Morse potential and the initial particle position in order to achieve a desired quantum mechanical terminal state.

In this sense, the statement in the title now reads:

The wealth management problem is a quantum optimal control problem in disguise.

Dr. Igor Halperin

See original here:

Schrodinger Control Optimal Planning for Goal-Based Wealth ... - Rebellion Research

This is a really exciting moment in quantum science and quantum innovation, said Dr. Steven Rayan (PhD), professor in USasks College of Arts and Sciences Department of Mathematics and Statistics. The machine being unveiled [today] is one of the fastest and most powerful quantum computers in the world Its an incredible engineering feat ... and its here on Canadian soil.

Rayan, who is also the director of USasks Centre for Quantum Topology and its Applications (quanTA), and lead of USasks Quantum Innovation Signature Area of Research, joined government representatives, industry leaders and researchers from across U15 universities in Bromont, Que., for the inauguration event on Sept. 22, 2023. Having worked closely with IBM Canada and PINQ to envision and expand the use applications for Quantum System One in institutional and industrial settings across Canada, Rayan is now championing a quantum boost to existing and future RSAW at USask.

While affordable and widely accessible, traditional computing relies on a binary bit system that limits its capacity to effectively manage highly complex data sets and models. By contrast, quantum computing systems use qubits elements that embrace the principles of quantum physics and entanglement to exist in multiple states at the same time. As a result, these highly specialized systems can compute extremely complicated data sets and produce predictive models in ways more profound than the computer you are currently reading this on.

Though Quantum System One itself is stationed in Quebec, Rayan noted that emerging partnerships and USasks strong relationships with both IBM Canada and PINQ will allow use of the new quantum computer by faculty, staff and students across the university. Researchers can design quantum programs, get data in a quantum-ready state, open a remote session with Quantum System One, then use and interpret the data in-house. This ground-breaking direct access model reflects an exciting leap forward for the wider deployment of quantum technologies.

Link:

World-leading quantum computer will give USask 'Quantum Boost' - USask News

An internationally recognized expert in high-energy gamma-ray astronomy and galactic cosmic rays, Petra Huentemeyer serves as a vice-spokesperson for a globally collaborative observatory and mentors her students to seek their own bright futures. The experimental astrophysicist and distinguished professor of physics is the 2023 recipient of the Michigan Technological University Research Award.

Huentemeyer views the career path she has followed as a natural if not always easy progression. Fueled by a persistent curiosity to probe the unknown origins of the universe, her work has led her to study and conduct research at the worlds leading institutions in her field.

The researcher, who enjoys watching movies in her leisure time, said summer 2023s blockbuster biopic Oppenheimer sparked reflections on how she chose her discipline. In the context of Oppenheimer, I thought about how I actually started in the field of physics coming out of high school, she said. I grew up in the Cold War era. In 1991 I was watching a German miniseries, called the End of Innocence, about the competition with the Manhattan Project and the work of Otto Hahn.

Hahn won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1944 and is credited as the father of nuclear fission.For more than 30 years he worked with Lise Meitner a figure only briefly touched on in the TV program who nonetheless made an impression on a teenage Huentemeyer. She was one of the first women in physics to earn a Ph.D. There were a lot of people who thought she should have also gotten the award, said Huentemeyer. I was like, Wow, this is interesting. This was really impactful on society. That was a tipping point. I knew that I wanted to try physics, even though it was a little daunting.

As the director of Michigan Techs Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Institute, Huentemeyer helped to found and is the former U.S. spokesperson for the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory near Puebla, Mexico. She is vice-spokesperson for the multinational Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO). Currently under development, it will be the first instrument of its kind in the southern hemisphere, and like HAWC, it will use water Cherenkov detectors for ground-level particle detection. One of Huentemeyers most important missions is advocating for the updated instrumentation and expanded capacity at higher altitudes that is essential to probe some of the most extreme environments in the known universe while seeking further discoveries.

Among the top three cited authors at Michigan Tech, Huentemeyer participated in a paper on multimessenger observations of a binary neutron star merger that has been cited more than 3,200 times.

Grasping concepts that seem impossible to understand requires both curiosity and persistence, Huentemeyer said. Spoiler alert: Theres a scene in Oppenheimer thats reminiscent of how she met the challenge.

In the movie, they show how quantum mechanics was a new thing that had just come out of Europe. There were skeptics everywhere. Oppenheimer came back from his time in Europe to teach quantum mechanics at Caltech in 1946. The first day theres one student in class. Hes all excited that this one student shows up. And then, as it is in movies, they cut to scenes where more and more students show up each time. That reminded me of me as a student, she said. I couldnt understand it. It was so contrary to anything I had learned previously about physics. Everything was deterministic. Not saying quantum mechanics is not at all deterministic, but it has a probabilistic aspect to it.

The annual Michigan Tech Research Award sets a high bar for outstanding achievement in sustained research or a single noteworthy breakthrough. Nominations open each spring. The winner receives a plaque and $2,500 cash award.

The more unknowns she discovered, the more certain Huentemeyer became regarding a career path. I really wanted to dig deeper and do particle physics, she said. There were semesters during my undergrad when I was very close to quitting, because it was rough. But I stuck with it.

Her graduate and postdoctoral research took her to places where pioneers like Oppenheimer also worked and studied, including Los Alamos National Laboratory, which was covertly erected in 1943 for development and testing of the worlds first atom bomb, known as The Gadget. Projects she was involved in include the Milagro Observatory collaboration in New Mexico; the High Resolution Flys Eye (HiRes) Experiment in Utah; Fluorescence in Air From Showers (FLASH) Experiment at the national particle accelerator laboratory located at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC); and the Omni-Purpose Apparatus at LEP (OPAL) Experiment at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

"Maybe solid-state physics would have been more lucrative and provided a clearer path to a career outside academia, Huentemeyer said. But I ended up just doing what I wanted to do, which was particle physics and experimental fundamental research.

Huentemeyers students have also become important members of the research community. The postdoctoral researchers and doctoral students she has mentored have taken positions at top-ranked institutions, including NASAs Marshall and Goddard space flight centers, Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Kelci Mohrman, who received a U.S. Department of Energy Award among other honors during her time as an undergraduate student at Tech, went on to pursue a graduate degree at Notre Dame, winning the 2023 Department of Physics and Astronomy Research and Dissertation Award.

In her own words, the 2023 Research Award Winner reflects on her research, teaching and service and how her career trajectory led her to Michigan Tech.

Q: Say youre in a caf or some other place where people strike up conversations. How do you describe your work?

PH: Its not easy to explain, but let me try. First, Im a physicist. Then if you were to ask me what I do as a physicist, I may say Im an astrophysicist and then people get somewhat nervous (laughs). But what I often notice is people tend to think of astrophysicists as maybe more theoretical people who develop models, and cosmologists and Im not. Im clearly, squarely an experimentalist. I would also tell them that my background is in particle physics. I got my Ph.D. at the University of Hamburg working with a CERN experiment in Switzerland. I moved as a postdoc into a subset of astrophysics called astroparticle physics. I focus on particle acceleration in space. If I had to sum it up in a sentence, I would say that I do experimental fundamental research to learn more about the nature and transport of matter and energy in the universe.

Q: Why does your research matter?PH: CERN is where the World Wide Web was born. Its not like the scientists coming there from all parts of the world said, Oh, lets invent the World Wide Web. It was that people needed to communicate across the globe and there was one person who had this idea about having all these servers and pretending they are somewhere else and they talk to each other. He developed the HTTP (hypertext transfer) protocol in order to accomplish that: the basis of the World Wide Web. Before, there was the internet as we know it developed by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). But the innovation became more used by physicists and scientists across the globe, and then by everyone else. Physics research thrives when we talk to one another. Thats how we come up with new ideas. Theres no way to accomplish our goals without communication. Thats how that happened. So they didnt set out to do something that ultimately changed how we all interact. It was a byproduct.

Similarly, we might wonder whether Otto Hahn, when he was doing experiments in his basement in Berlin with Meitner and others, was thinking about building a nuclear power plant. Maybe they were. But I bet what they really wanted to understand was what the force is that keeps the nucleus together. Their focus was really understanding. The path to understanding is the path to discovery.

Semiconductors are another example leading to applications that some people might find very useful and others find annoying (laughs and points to her laptop and smartphone).

Q: Tell us more about the international observatories youre involved in founding and maintaining. Why are HAWC and SWGO so important?

PH: Gamma and cosmic rays are everywhere in the universe and we can eventually measure them here on Earth after they interact with its atmosphere, which causes extensive air showers of secondary particles. To increase instrument sensitivity, we want to measure air showers at high altitudes, before too many of the secondary particles are absorbed. The collected particles from cascades are detected in faint flashes of light in water tanks. Catching more of these particles means we have more and better information. Once weve collected data from the showers, what were really interested in is the energy of the original particles and the direction of the particles they give us information about extreme energy processes in space.

Q: Why did you come to Michigan Tech?

PH: When this position came up it was shared with different collaborations, including the Milagro, which I was involved in while at Los Alamos. Tech had not been on my radar but I thought it was interesting and looked like a good fit. I knew that professors Brian Fick and David Nitz were in the physics department they are two of the pioneers in the field of experimental particle astrophysics. There are papers from the 1990s where both of their names are on them along with Jim Cronin, whos a Nobel Prize winner. We also have Bob Nemiroff, one of the founders of APOD (NASAs Astronomy Picture of the Day).

Everyone seemed extremely nice and welcoming. I knew there were people I could talk to about my research and they would have good insights. I remember flying in. It was November. It wasnt great weather, but I could imagine what it would look like in the summer and fall, with all those trees, and I was like Wow, this is beautiful.

Q: What have you learned from your students? Whats your favorite aspect of teaching?

PH: Teaching helps me to become more precise in what Im saying. If youre using all these technical terms you havent introduced, students are just looking at you like, What are you talking about? Or if you use terms they may know from another context, but that have a very specific meaning in physics.

For me, the rewarding part is when I get feedback from students directly. I really, really like advising students, undergrad as well as graduate, on their research topics. Its also great when you can tell a colleague about a student whos really good and they are like, Oh, I need a postdoc.

Q: Whats next in your research?

PH: I need to go get a lot of money (laughs). Theres a lot of work ahead for our collaboration to secure funding for SWGO, which will be sited in South America between 10 and 30 degrees south at an altitude of 4.4 kilometers or higher. The collaboration hasnt yet decided on an exact location. Besides potential sites, there are several other ongoing research and development tasks that go into establishing the observatory. We have 14 countries from five continents who are working on this project, which will be larger than HAWC, with better sensitivity.

I also have an interest in making astroparticle physics and what we are doing with HAWC and SWGO more known to astronomers. Astronomers think on different scales, like the James Webb telescope, way more expensive but way out there, detecting light which we do, too, but we are detecting the most energetic form of light. I understand why its not often on their radar. We have detected between 200 to 300 sources of gamma rays. And they have billions of stars to work with. On the other hand, we are testing a phase space that they are not. I hope more astronomers will pay attention to that. Its always a concerted effort. Its not an isolated scientist sitting in a lab and doing things. We all need to build bigger and more sensitive instruments.

My field can contribute to understanding things we dont quite have a handle on yet. Dark matter, for example. The more sensitive our instruments become at HAWC or SWGO, for instance, we can look for these signatures that would be a sign of dark matter in space. We know its there. We just dont know what it is.

Q: On a lighter note, besides movies, what else do you like to do in your free time?PH: I like to hike, but havent had much chance lately. I bought a new ebike recently and enjoy cycling to work. I also enjoy winter camping with friends at least once a year.

Michigan Technological University is a public research university founded in 1885 in Houghton, Michigan, and is home to more than 7,000 students from 55 countries around the world. Consistently ranked among the best universities in the country for return on investment, Michigans flagship technological university offers more than 120 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science and technology, engineering, computing, forestry, business and economics, health professions, humanities, mathematics, social sciences, and the arts. The rural campus is situated just miles from Lake Superior in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, offering year-round opportunities for outdoor adventure.

More:

Michigan Tech Research Award Winner Pursues Discovery of ... - Michigan Technological University