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AI risks need to be better understood and managed, research warns – Hindustan Times

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

Joe Burton, a professor at Lancaster University, UK, contends that AI and algorithms are more than mere tools used by national security agencies to thwart malicious online activities.

In a research paper recently published in the Technology in Society Journal, Burton suggests that AI and algorithms can also fuel polarisation, radicalism, and political violence, thereby becoming a threat to national security themselves.

AI is often framed as a tool to be used to counter violent extremism. Here is the other side of the debate, said Burton.

The paper looks at how AI has been securitised throughout its history, and in media and popular culture depictions, and by exploring modern examples of AI having polarising, radicalising effects that have contributed to political violence.

The research cites the classic film series, The Terminator, which depicted a holocaust committed by a sophisticated and malignant AI, as doing more than anything to frame popular awareness of AI and the fear that machine consciousness could lead to devastating consequences for humanity in this case a nuclear war and a deliberate attempt to exterminate a species.

This lack of trust in machines, the fears associated with them, and their association with biological, nuclear, and genetic threats to humankind has contributed to a desire on the part of governments and national security agencies to influence the development of the technology, to mitigate risk and to harness its positive potentiality, Burton said.

The role of sophisticated drones, such as those being used in the war in Ukraine, are, says Burton, now capable of full autonomy including functions such as target identification and recognition.

While there has been a broad and influential campaign debate, including at the UN, to ban killer robots and to keep humans in the loop when it comes to life-or-death decision-making, the acceleration and integration into armed drones has, he says, continued apace.

In cyber security the security of computers and computer networks AI is being used in a major way with the most prevalent area being (dis)information and online psychological warfare, Burton said.

During the pandemic, he said, AI was seen as a positive in tracking and tracing the virus but it also led to concerns over privacy and human rights.

The paper examines AI technology itself, arguing that problems exist in its design, the data that it relies on, how it is used, and its outcomes and impacts.

AI is certainly capable of transforming societies in positive ways but also presents risks which need to be better understood and managed, Burton added.

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Cathie Wood’s 3 Best Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks This Year: Are They Good Picks for 2024? – The Motley Fool

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

When the history books are written, 2023 could go down as a turning point for artificial intelligence (AI). Multiple companies rolled out impressive AI chips, large language models, and AI applications.

Cathie Wood stands out as one big winner from the AI explosion. Her Ark Invest exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have been and still are heavily invested in many high-flying AI stocks. Here are Wood's best AI stocks this year -- and whether or not they're good picks for 2024.

There's no surprise about which AI stock is Wood's best performer in 2023. Nvidia's (NVDA -0.30%) shares are on track to end the year up close to 230% thanks to soaring demand for the company's graphics processing units (GPUs).

Sure, Wood isn't as big of a fan of Nvidia as she used to be. She has reduced Ark Invest's stake in the chipmaker quite a bit. Wood thinks that Nvidia stock is now "really expensive" after its huge gains this year.

However, Nvidia remains the eleventh-largest holding in Wood's Ark Autonomous Technology & Robotics ETF (ARKQ -0.06%). Ark Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW 0.70%) and Ark Fintech Innovation ETF (ARKF 1.01%) also still own small positions in Nvidia.

Another well-known AI leader isn't too far behind Nvidia. Shares of Meta Platforms (META 0.60%) have vaulted 190% higher as 2023 comes to a close. It's been Meta's best performance ever.

Meta's improving profitability has been a key factor behind its success this year. AI played a major role in the bottom-line improvement by helping increase the monetization of its platforms. The company's open-source AI strategy could reap further benefits over the long term.

To be sure, Meta isn't a big holding for Ark Invest. However, the stock is in the portfolios of two of Wood's ETFs -- her flagship Ark Innovation ETF and Ark Next Generation Internet ETF.

Palantir Technologies (PLTR -0.89%) ranks as Wood's No. 3 best AI stock of 2023. Shares of the software maker appear to be headed to end the year up close to 170%. As was the case with Meta, this performance is the best that Palantir has delivered in its history.

Investors seem to have appreciated Palantir's AI innovations. The company's expertise was also recognized by Dresner Advisory Services, which named Palantir the top vendor in its 2023 AI, Data Science, and Machine Learning Wisdom of Crowds Market Study.

Three of Wood's ETFs own positions in Palantir: Ark Innovation ETF, Ark Fintech Innovation ETF, and Ark Next Generation Internet ETF. All three of these funds have scooped up more shares of Palantir in December.

I think that all three of Wood's biggest AI winners of this year could also perform well in 2024. My view, though, is that Palantir is probably the weakest link among the group.

The stock trades at nearly 61 times expected earnings and almost 19 times trailing 12-month sales. Palantir's revenue growth of 17% year over year in its latest quarter makes that valuation hard to justify, although its future growth prospects should help ease some investors' minds.

As previously mentioned, Wood thinks that Nvidia's valuation is a bit too frothy. Some would argue otherwise, but there's no question that the company is facing increased competition. I don't expect Nvidia to deliver the kind of gains in the new year that it has in 2023. The stock should remain a solid winner over the long term, though.

That leaves Meta. Valuation isn't as much of an issue with this stock. Meta's forward earnings multiple of 20.5 isn't unreasonable. More importantly, the stock looks like a relative bargain factoring in its growth prospects. I view Meta as a great AI stock for investors to buy and hold.

Randi Zuckerberg, a former director of market development and spokeswoman for Facebook and sister to Meta Platforms CEO Mark Zuckerberg, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Keith Speights has positions in Meta Platforms. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Meta Platforms, Nvidia, and Palantir Technologies. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

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Cathie Wood's 3 Best Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks This Year: Are They Good Picks for 2024? - The Motley Fool

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Ad Agency Trends 2024: How Agencies Plan to Use AI – Adweek

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

This is the time of year that everyone weighs in on what they think the next year will have in store for us. Unsurprisingly, artificial intelligence is on everyones minds.

Some see AI as a source of good while recognizing it has its downsides as the technology advances. Agency leaders around the globe have their opinions as to where AI will take us in the future, especially as it applies to workflow, brands and marketing, and several shared their thoughts and predictions with Adweek.

Stevie Archer, chief creative officer of SS+K

AIwas front and center in 2023 because of the novelty. In 2024, fewer ideas will be about AI but more of them will actually be made possible by AI. It will become the tool, not the point; the means, not the end. Were already using it for ideation and pitches, and were just scratching the surface of what it can enable.

Jill Applebaum, chief creative officer of Public Inc.

Well see bigger creative bets that utilize AI. The most creative among us are already scheming. Second, I believe well see a tonal shift to comedy. The darker the world feels, the harder people want to laugh. Lastly, well see brands spend more of their budgets talking about their social impact. Apple invested massively in Mother Nature to showcase their sustainability and subsequently in The Lost Voice to promote an accessibility feature. We all know that Apple is an industry bellwether and that Gen Z wants to know what brands are doing to make the world a better place.

Anastasia Leng, CEO and founder of CreativeX

The good news? Speed and cost of content creation will decrease, and the floor for decent bearable ads should too. The bad news? If we struggled during the last few years of content proliferation, its time to buckle upas volume increases by 10 to 100 times, brands will experience quality and decisioning bottlenecks due to there being more content than there are people who can review and approve it. The irony? AI can be applied to solve the problem that AI is generating, building content QA systems that automatically check content for everything from digital suitability to brand consistency and more to ensure that even the ads the robots make for you are aligned to your brand and your existing creative learnings.

Rob Kottkamp, chief creative officer of Partners + Napier

AI will shift from an experimental trend to an essential tool embedded within the art and advertising world. Its a force multiplier that will allow creatives to explore new paths and open new lanes of opportunity. Some will resist AI, or use it to cut corners, assuming the risks that will follow. The creative entities that will be most celebrated however, are the ones that begin to openly integrate these tools into their creative process, using them to craft creative ideas that seamlessly blend the talents of both man and machine. Regardless of the approach, our work will be scrutinized more than ever and our industry will have to level up across all disciplines to maintain relevance.

Monica Ho, CMO of SOCi

AI is enabling marketers to evolve their roles in organizations by streamlining workflows and enhancing efficiency. While AI is a powerful tool, it still requires human oversight. For example, well see content creators transition into more of an editing and curation role, collaborating with AI to easily produce content that resonates with target audiences. Meanwhile, roles like SEO managers will integrate AI as a core responsibility, leveraging Generative Search Experience technology for improved search visibility and user experience, ensuring efficient and effective strategies. This relationship between AI and human expertise will define the future of marketing roles.

Stacey and Dr. Dawn Wade, co-founders of Nimbus

The rise of AI has helped optimize the day-to-day operations of industries across the board. While there has been a lot of backlash from inherent bias to cheating at work, there is also a lot of opportunity to responsibly use this technology from a marketing perspective. This technology also is not going anywhere so we foresee marketing professionals evolving and leveraging these tools to create a more efficient way of work. However, we cannot ignore the biases that inherently come along with its use. As marketers, there is a responsibility to serve as a filter when using AI outputs to ensure we are not unintentionally contributing to the discrimination of marginalized communities and risk being a victim to cancel culture as a result of being tone-deaf. So although these tools are essentially going to help us progress within our industry, it is still up to us leaders creating these campaigns to ensure that the final campaigns that we are creating for our clients do not fall victim to AIs shortcomings.

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Scientists think they’ve created the world’s 1st ‘practical’ quantum-secure algorithm – Livescience.com

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

Scientists think they've created the first practical cryptographic algorithm that could protect data and communications from quantum computers.

However, other experts in the field remain skeptical, saying algorithms backed by a cutting-edge U.S.-government-funded lab have a better chance of being used widely.

Cryptography tools, like WhatsApp's end-to-end encryption, protect data like messages sent between two people by scrambling it into a secret code that only a unique digital key can unlock. If hackers intercept an encrypted message, all they'll see is jumbled-up nonsense. The hacker could try to guess the cryptographic key and decipher the message, but it would take the most powerful supercomputer millions of years to try every possible combination which these machines would perform one at a time.

Quantum computers, on the other hand, can perform several calculations at once. They aren't powerful enough to break cryptography yet, but scientists plan to develop increasingly powerful machines that could one day bypass this essential security layer within seconds.

Now, researchers say they've developed the most efficient quantum-safe proposal to date, based on existing so-called verifiable random function (VRF) technology, which they dub "LaV." They described their research in a paper, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, published Nov. 14 in the Cryptology ePrint Archive, a cryptology research preprint database.

VRF takes a series of inputs, computes them, and churns out a random number that can be cryptographically verified to be random. It's usually an add-on to encryption that boosts the security of digital platforms. It's an essential part of WhatsApp's key transparency protocol, as well as some blockchain systems.

But LaV is a quantum-safe version of VRF. Unlike its predecessor, it could theoretically provide end-to-end security from quantum computers, said lead researcher Muhammed Esgin, an information technology lecturer at Monash University in Australia.

Related link: Chinese researchers to send an 'uncrackable' quantum message to space

"Our algorithm is designed to withstand theoretical and practical attacks even by large-scale quantum computers (that can break today's classical cryptographic algorithms)," Esgin told Live Science in an email. "So it can protect against today's supercomputers as well as tomorrow's powerful quantum computers."

LaV can be accessed through the open-source platform GitLab. Its creators claim it's a practical solution, as opposed to four candidates backed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which has been hunting for a quantum encryption protocol for years. However, some experts disagree.

LaV may not be the best solution to the impending quantum threat, Edward Parker, a physical scientist with The RAND Corporation, told Live Science.

"There are several existing quantum-secure cryptography algorithms that already exist," he said, and NIST is standardizing these tools, "essentially giving those four algorithms the U.S. government's stamp of approval for widespread use."

"It's widely expected that these four algorithms will become the backbone of future quantum-secure cryptography, rather than LaV or any of the dozens of other quantum-secure algorithms that have been proposed," he added. "The four algorithms that NIST selected have undergone several years of very careful vetting, and we can be very confident that they are indeed secure."

Jonathan Katz, a computer scientist at the University of Maryland's Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), also backsNIST's efforts. "The cryptography research community has been working on quantum-safe algorithms for well over two decades, and the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization effort began in 2017," he told Live Science in an email.

However, Parker added that "it's certainly possible that LaV may be somewhat more efficient than other quantum-secure algorithms."

Vlatko Vedral, a professor of quantum information science at the University of Oxford, told Live Science he suspects LaV may not be the first algorithm of its type, though it may be the first released publicly.

"The industry is getting closer and closer to making a large-scale quantum computer, and it is only natural that various protections against its negative uses are being explored," Vedral said. "Code making and code breaking have always been locked into an arms race against each other."

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Experts warn quantum computers are overhyped and far away – Fudzilla

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

Neither dead nor alive yet

While quantum computing companies have said their machines could be doing amazing things in just a few years, some top experts say they don't believe the hype.

Meta's AI boss, Yann LeCun, made a splash after saying quantum computers are not that great. Speaking at a media event to mark ten years of Meta's AI team, he said the technology is "a fascinating scientific topic". Still, he was unsure of "the possibility of actually making useful quantum computers."

LeCun is not a quantum computing expert; other big names in the field also raise doubts. Oskar Painter, head of quantum hardware for Amazon Web Services, says there is a "tremendous amount of hype" in the industry right now and "it can be hard to tell the hopeful from the hopeless."

A big problem for today's quantum computers is that they make many mistakes. Some have said these so-called "noisy intermediate-scale quantum" (NISQ) machines could still work well. But Painter says that's not likely, and quantum error-correction tricks will be needed to make practical quantum computers.

The main idea is to spread information over unreliable qubits to make "logical qubits." But this could need as many as 1,000 dodgy qubits for each good one. Some have said that quantum error correction could be impossible, but that's not popular. Either way, making these tricks work at the size and speed needed is a long way off, Painter says.

"Given the remaining technical challenges in making a fault-tolerant quantum computer that can run billions of gates over thousands of qubits, it's hard to say when it will happen, but I would guess at least ten years away," he said.

In May, top Microsoft boffin Matthias Troyer penned a paper saying that quantum computers could only do better than regular computers in a few areas.

"We discovered over the last ten years that many things people have suggested don't work. And then we found some straightforward reasons for that."

The main point of quantum computing is to solve problems much faster than regular computers, but how much quicker depends. There are two things where quantum tricks seem to give a tremendous speed up, said Troyer.

One is breaking big numbers into smaller ones, which could crack the codes that keep the Internet safe. The other is copying quantum systems, which could help with chemistry and materials.

Quantum tricks have been suggested for optimisation, drug design, and fluid dynamics. But the speed-ups don't always work out--sometimes they are only a bit faster, meaning the time it takes the quantum trick to solve a problem is the square root of the time taken by the normal one.

Troyer says these speed-ups can quickly disappear because of the enormous amount of work quantum computers need. Running a qubit is much more complicated and slower than flipping a switch. This means that for more minor problems, an average computer will always be faster, and the point where the quantum computer takes the lead depends on how fast the normal one gets more challenging.

Troyer and his mates compared a single Nvidia A100 GPU against a made-up future fault-tolerant quantum computer with 10,000 "logical qubits" and gate times much faster than today's machines.

They found that a quantum trick with a bit of a speed-up would have to run for hundreds or thousands of years before it could beat a normal one on problems significant enough to matter.

Troyer said quantum computers will only work on small-data problems with huge speed-ups. "All the rest is nice theory but will not be useful," he said.

All this is pouring cold water on the idea that Quantum computers will be here soon or that the Internet is in danger of having its codes broken by thieves or spooks using the technology.

It would appear that, for now, the cat is still only potentially dead or alive.

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Quantum Computers Begin to Measure Up | Research & Technology | Dec 2023 – Photonics.com

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

WAKO, Japan, Dec. 27, 2023 Much of the progress so far in quantum computing has been done on so-called gate-based quantum computers. These devices use physical components, most notably superconducting circuits, to host and control the qubits. The approach bears similarity to conventional, device-based classical computers. The two computing architectures are thus relatively compatible and could be used together in hybrid. Furthermore, future quantum computers could be fabricated by harnessing existing technologies used to fabricate conventional computers.

But the Optical Quantum Computing Research Team at the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing has been taking a very different approach. Instead of optimizing gate-based quantum computers, Atsushi Sakaguchi, Jun-ichi Yoshikawa and team leader Akira Furusawa have been developing measurement-based quantum computing.

Measurement-based quantum computers process information in a complex quantum state known as a cluster state, which consists of three (or more) qubits linked together by a non-classical phenomenon called entanglement.

Measurement-based quantum computers work by making a measurement on the first qubit in the cluster state. The outcome of this measurement determines what measurement to perform on the second entangled qubit, a process called feedforward. This then determines how to measure the third. In this way, any quantum gate or circuit can be implemented through the appropriate choice of the series of measurements.

Importantly, measurement-based quantum computation offers programmability in optical systems. We can change the operation by just changing the measurement, said Sakaguchi. This is much easier than changing the hardware, as gated-based systems require in optical systems.

But feedforward is essential. Feedforward is a control methodology in which we feed the measurement results to a different part of the system as a form of control, Sakaguchi said. In measurement-based quantum computation, feedforward is used to compensate for the inherent randomness in quantum measurements. Without feedforward operations, measurement-based quantum computation becomes probabilistic, while practical quantum computing will need to be deterministic.

The Optical Quantum Computing Research Team and their co-workers from The University of Tokyo, Palack University in the Czech Republic, the Australian National University and the University of New South Wales, Australia have now demonstrated a more advanced form of feedforward: nonlinear feedforward. Nonlinear feedforward is required to implement the full range of potential gates in optics-based quantum computers.

Optical quantum computers use qubits made of wave packets of light. At other institutions, some of the current RIKEN team had previously constructed the large optical cluster states needed for measurement-based quantum computation. Linear feedforward has also been achieved to construct simple gate operations, but more advanced gates need nonlinear feedforward.

A theory for practical implementation of nonlinear quadrature measurement was proposed in 2016.3 But this approach presented two major practical difficulties: generating a special ancillary state (which the team achieved in 20214) and performing a nonlinear feedforward operation.

The key advantages of this nonlinear feedforward technique are its speed and flexibility. The process needs to be fast enough that the output can be synchronized with the optical quantum state.

Now that we have shown that we can perform nonlinear feedforward, we want to apply it to actual measurement-based quantum computation and quantum error correction using our previously developed system, Sakaguchi said. And we hope to be able to increase the higher speed of our nonlinear feedforward for high-speed optical quantum computation.

But the key message is that, although superconducting circuit-based approaches may be more popular, optical systems are a promising candidate for quantum-computer hardware, he added.

The research was published in Nature Communications (www.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39195-w).

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Inside the world of quantum computing at Sci-Tech Daresbury – Business Live

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

Daresbury was best known as the birthplace of Lewis Carroll - but now in the world of science it's known for pioneering technology that could solve many of the world's key problems.

Sci-Tech Daresbury is a pioneering innovation campus that's long been home to dozens of hi-tech companies, and is known for its concrete tower that's visible from miles around.

Now it's leading the way in quantum computing, a technology that scientists hope could lead to exciting scientific discoveries in areas from cancer treatments to climate change. And this isn't a Carroll-esque Through the Looking-Glass. fantasy - it's happening now.

Just a few weeks ago, Innovation Minister Michelle Donelan cut the ribbon on an advanced quantum computer research and development site run by PsiQuantum in what is the Silicon Valley start-up's first such facility outside the US.

As we've discovered on the latest Northern Agenda podcast, Quantum computing harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to solve problems too complex for classical computers. It was described by former Science Minister George Freeman as "one of the five transformational technologies in which the UK is a global leader".

Quantum computers are potentially vastly more powerful than even the most sophisticated supercomputers, so could perform calculations in minutes that a regular computer might take years to perform.

Although still largely experimental, the Holy Grail of those working in the industry is to construct one which is commercially viable and could be put into widespread use.

Hear more about Sci-Tech Daresbury on The Northern Agenda podcast

And as two experts based at the site tell The Northern Agenda this week, quantum computing is already being put to use at Daresbury solving real world problems.

Dr Peter Waggett, UK director of research at IBM Research Europe, says his team at Daresbury has been working with AstraZeneca on using quantum computing to speed up and improve the discovery of new medicines.

He says his team are "now at the stage where we're actually starting to run some of these simulations for real on quantum computers".

And Dr Waggett adds: "So all of the big problems that society is facing, whether it's climate change, whether it's drug discovery, all of those things, there are elements of those that are really well suited to quantum computing. And that's what we're looking to bring to it.

"It's not straightforward. But we are seeing a vast improvement in the capability of these quantum computers, such that we're seeing this quantum advantage starting to come a lot quicker than anybody predicted."

Project Violet, a scheme to develop Sci-Tech Daresbury as a world-class location for high-tech business and leading-edge science, has had millions of pounds of backing from the Liverpool City Region combined authority.

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And it recently got planning approval for an expansion plan which would deliver a further 80,000 square feet of prime real estate.

Dr Katherine Royse, director of the Hartree Centre, a high performance computing, data analytics and artificial intelligence research facility based at Daresbury, says her team look at emerging technologies and translate them into things that can solve challenges facing key industries.

She tells the podcast her team has been using quantum computing to aid research into a specific type of breast cancer known as ductal carcinoma in situ, the presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct in the breast.

"And it's a very difficult one to spot when you're looking at histology," she says. "So what quantum is starting to show in proof of concept is not just work out whether it's cancer or not cancer, but start to be able to subdivide the types of cancer.

"So when somebody has breast cancer, it's not just breast cancer, there's about 12 to 16 different types, approximately. So knowing exactly what type somebody has, and being able to personalize their treatment is really, really important. So that's something that we're starting to see that we can do.

"And one of the things that we looked at together was around if we had quantum during Covid-19 during the first outbreak, could we have picked drugs that would have helped with the treatment of Covid-19, better and more accurately. And that is definitely something that again, in proof of concept we've been able to do.

"So we're not saying that the process is faster, what we're saying is, we can take the machine learning part of the workflow out of a classical computer, put it into a quantum computer, run it, put it back into a classical computer, and we are finding that it is picking much better the types of molecules ie the types of drugs that are going to work better."

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MicroAlgo Developed QSDLT to Provide a More Secure Foundation for Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrency Systems – Investing.com Canada

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

MicroAlgo Inc. (MLGO) (the "Company" or "MicroAlgo"), today announced the quantum shield distributed ledger technology (QSDLT), designed to provide a stronger, more secure foundation for and other cryptocurrency systems.

In traditional blockchain systems, security relies heavily on cryptographic algorithms based on public key cyphers. However, the emergence of quantum computers threatens this system. Quantum computers can solve problems in a relatively short period of time that current conventional computers cannot handle, including some widely used cryptographic algorithms.

Specifically, the emergence of quantum computers could crack current systems based on RSA and elliptic curve encryption algorithms. This means that private keys and transaction data could be easily accessed by quantum computers, jeopardizing the security of the entire blockchain system. To counter this threat, the research and development of QSDLT have become particularly urgent.

To protect the Bitcoin system from the threat of quantum computers, MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT was created as an innovative solution. The goal of QSDLT is to build a strong shield for the Bitcoin system by integrating quantum security, which is not just a simple upgrade to the traditional blockchain system, but a revolutionary change to the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem.

MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT employs a series of advanced cryptographic algorithms, particularly those that combat quantum algorithms, to ensure that Bitcoin transactions and user identities are fully protected. Its core is to provide a security framework that is resistant to quantum computing threats, incorporating quantum security into DLT to provide stronger protection for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Its design principles include countering attacks from quantum algorithms, achieving invariance, reducing transaction costs, enabling decentralization and increasing transparency. The introduction of this technology marks the next stage in the evolution of the Bitcoin system.

Anti-quantum algorithm defence mechanism: One of the core aspects of MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT is its robust anti-quantum algorithm defence mechanism. Cryptographic algorithms used in traditional blockchain systems, such as RSA and elliptic curve encryption algorithms, may be threatened by quantum computer attacks in the future. To address this challenge, QSDLT employs well-thought-out cryptographic algorithms that are more resilient to quantum computer attacks. This ensures that QSDLT will be able to keep Bitcoin transactions secure and tamper-proof in the face of the rise of quantum computers.

Invariance and transparency: QSDLT focuses on maintaining the invariance of the blockchain, meaning that once a transaction is confirmed and added to the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with. This is one of the fundamental characteristics of the blockchain and is critical to ensuring the trustworthiness of the Bitcoin system. Meanwhile, MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT promotes transparency through the decentralized nature of the blockchain. Every participant is able to view and verify the history of transactions, thus enhancing overall traceability and openness.

Post-quantum distributed ledger technology (PQDLT): MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT technology focuses not only on anti-quantum algorithm defense, but also places itself in a broader technological context to form PQDLT. this denotes the convergence of QSDLT with innovations in the fields of machine learning, deep learning, 6G, and the quantum internet, laying the groundwork for the future of the digital economy. The concept of PQDLT aims to achieve comprehensive security for the Bitcoin system and to facilitate the development of a digital financial system.

Reduced costs: QSDLT effectively reduces the cost of Bitcoin transactions by employing carefully optimized algorithms and technologies. This feature not only makes the Bitcoin network more accessible, but also provides a lower barrier to participation in Bitcoin transactions for a broader group of users. Lowering the cost will help facilitate mass adoption of Bitcoin and drive broader adoption in the digital currency space.

Highly scalable: MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT is highly scalable with future growth needs in mind in its basic concept. This allows QSDLT to adapt to the increasing size of the Bitcoin network's user base and to be flexible enough to meet the growing demands of digital finance. High scalability is one of the key factors that make QSDLT a trusted infrastructure.

MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT is more than a simple upgrade to the traditional blockchain. It is an update to combat the threat of quantum computing. Its key features, including anti-quantum algorithmic defence mechanisms, invariance and transparency, cost reduction, PQDLT, and high scalability, combine to create a robust and flexible security framework.

MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT provides the Bitcoin system with a robust defence against quantum algorithms with its strong anti-quantum algorithmic capabilities, making transactions secure and tamper-proof. At the same time, QSDLT maintains the basic principles of the blockchain, enhancing overall trustworthiness through invariance and transparency. Reduced transaction costs make the Bitcoin network more attractive, further driving mass adoption of the digital currency. As the threat of quantum computing emerges, the emergence of MicroAlgo Inc.'s QSDLT marks the dawn of a new era of Bitcoin security. The basic concepts and key features of QSDLT present a blueprint for the future of digital finance, an innovation that will open up more possibilities for the digital economy, ensure that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency systems remain secure and trustworthy in the quantum era, and lead the way for a vibrant future of digital finance. the future of digital finance.

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Quantum Revolution: Uniting Twistronics and Spintronics for Advanced Electronics – SciTechDaily

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

Twistronics, a novel field in quantum physics, involves stacking van der Waals materials to explore new quantum phenomena. Researchers at Purdue University have advanced this field by introducing quantum spin into twisted double bilayers of antiferromagnets, leading to tunable moir magnetism. This breakthrough suggests new materials for spintronics and promises advancements in memory and spin-logic devices. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Purdue quantum researcherstwist double bilayers of an antiferromagnet to demonstrate tunable moir magnetism.

Twistronics isnt a new dance move, exercise equipment, or new music fad. No, its much cooler than any of that. It is an exciting new development in quantum physics and material science where van der Waals materials are stacked on top of each other in layers, like sheets of paper in a ream that can easily twist and rotate while remaining flat, and quantum physicists have used these stacks to discover intriguing quantum phenomena.

Adding the concept of quantum spin with twisted double bilayers of an antiferromagnet, it is possible to have tunable moir magnetism. This suggests a new class of material platform for the next step in twistronics: spintronics. This new science could lead to promising memory and spin-logic devices, opening the world of physics up to a whole new avenue with spintronic applications.

By twisting a van der Waals magnet, non-collinear magnetic states can emerge with significant electrical tunability. Credit: Ryan Allen, Second Bay Studios

A team of quantum physics and materials researchers at Purdue University has introduced the twist to control the spin degree of freedom, using CrI3, an interlayer-antiferromagnetic-coupled van der Waals (vdW) material, as their medium. They have published their findings, Electrically tunable moir magnetism in twisted double bilayers of chromium triiodide, in Nature Electronics.

In this study, we fabricated twisted double bilayer CrI3, that is, bilayer plus bilayer with a twist angle between them, says Dr. Guanghui Cheng, co-lead author of the publication. We report moir magnetism with rich magnetic phases and significant tunability by the electrical method.

The moir superlattice structure of twisted double bilayer (tDB) CrI3 and its magnetic behaviors probed by the magneto-optical-Kerr-effect (MOKE). Section a above shows the schematic of moir superlattice fabricated by interlayer twisting. Bottom panel: a non-collinear magnetic state can emerge. Section b above shows MOKE results show the coexistence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) orders in the moir magnet tDB CrI3 compared with the AFM orders in natural antiferromagnetic bilayer CrI3. Credit: Illustration by Guanghui Cheng and Yong P. Chen

We stacked and twisted an antiferromagnet onto itself and voila got a ferromagnet, says Chen. This is also a striking example of the recently emerged area of twisted or moir magnetism in twisted 2D materials, where the twisting angle between the two layers gives a powerful tuning knob and changes the material property dramatically.

To fabricate twisted double bilayer CrI3, we tear up one part of bilayer CrI3, rotate and stack onto the other part, using the so-called tear-and-stack technique, explains Cheng. Through magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurement, which is a sensitive tool to probe magnetic behavior down to a few atomic layers, we observed the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders, which is the hallmark of moir magnetism, and further demonstrated voltage-assisted magnetic switching. Such a moir magnetism is a novel form of magnetism featuring spatially varying ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, alternating periodically according to the moir superlattice.

Twistronics up to this point have mainly focused on modulating electronic properties, such as twisted bilayer graphene. The Purdue team wanted to introduce the twist to spin degree of freedom and chose to use CrI3, an interlayer-antiferromagnetic-coupled vdW material. The result of stacked antiferromagnets twisting onto itself was made possible by having fabricated samples with different twisting angles. In other words, once fabricated, the twist angle of each device becomes fixed, and then MOKE measurements are performed.

Theoretical calculations for this experiment were performed by Upadhyaya and his team. This provided strong support for the observations arrived at by Chens team.

Our theoretical calculations have revealed a rich phase diagram with non-collinear phases of TA-1DW, TA-2DW, TS-2DW, TS-4DW, etc., says Upadhyaya.

This research folds into an ongoing research avenue by Chens team. This work follows several related recent publications by the team related to novel physics and properties of 2D magnets, such as Emergence of electric-field-tunable interfacial ferromagnetism in 2D antiferromagnet heterostructures, which was recently published in Nature Communications. This research avenue has exciting possibilities in the field of twistronics and spintronics.

The identified moir magnet suggests a new class of material platform for spintronics and magnetoelectronics, says Chen. The observed voltage-assisted magnetic switching and magnetoelectric effect may lead to promising memory and spin-logic devices. As a novel degree of freedom, the twist can be applicable to the vast range of homo/heterobilayers of vdW magnets, opening the opportunity to pursue new physics as well as spintronic applications.

Reference: Electrically tunable moir magnetism in twisted double bilayers of chromium triiodide by Guanghui Cheng, Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman, Andres Llacsahuanga Allcca, Avinash Rustagi, Xingtao Liu, Lina Liu, Lei Fu, Yanglin Zhu, Zhiqiang Mao, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Pramey Upadhyaya and Yong P. Chen, 19 June 2023,Nature Electronics.DOI: 10.1038/s41928-023-00978-0

The team, mostly from Purdue, has two equal-contributing lead authors: Dr. Guanghui Cheng and Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman. Cheng was a postdoc in Dr.Yong P. Chens group at Purdue University and is now an Assistant Professor in Advanced Institute for Material Research (AIMR, where Chen is also affiliated as a principal investigator) at Tohoku University. Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman is a PhD student in Dr.Pramey Upadhyayas group. Both Chen and Upadhyaya are corresponding authors of this publication and are professors at Purdue University. Chen is the Karl Lark-Horovitz Professor of Physics and Astronomy, a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the Director of Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute. Upadhyaya is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Other Purdue-affiliated team members include Andres Llacsahuanga Allcca (PhD student), Dr. Lina Liu (postdoc), and Dr. Lei Fu (postdoc) from Chens group, Dr. Avinash Rustagi (postdoc) from Upadhyayas group and Dr. Xingtao Liu (former research assistant at Birck Nanotechnology Center).

This work is partially supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science through the Quantum Science Center (QSC, a National Quantum Information Science Research Center) and Department of Defense (DOD) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives (MURI) program (FA9550-20-1-0322). Cheng and Chen also received partial support from WPI-AIMR, JSPS KAKENHI Basic Science A (18H03858), New Science (18H04473 and 20H04623), and Tohoku University FRiD program in early stages of the research.

Upadhyaya also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (ECCS-1810494). Bulk CrI3crystals are provided by the group of Zhiqiang Mao from Pennsylvania State University under the support of the US DOE (DE-SC0019068). Bulk hBN crystals are provided by Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi from National Institute for Materials Science in Japan under support from the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 20H00354, 21H05233 and 23H02052) and World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan.

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Quantum Revolution: Uniting Twistronics and Spintronics for Advanced Electronics - SciTechDaily

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Quantum computing gets real. In the race between man and machine | by Feed Forward | Dec, 2023 – Medium

December 27, 2023 | Author: admin

In the race between man and machine, quantum computing takes a huge leap forward

On September 15th, 2021, the realm of technological innovation took a seismic leap forward as numerous pioneers reported significant progress in the field of quantum computing. Groundbreaking strides have been achieved in this sphere, making for a significant shift in our perception and understanding of both information processing and computational power. This advancement, momentous as it is, implies that computational tasks conventionally viewed as impossible or prohibitively lengthy are now entering the realm of the tangible; additionally, these quantum entities appear to surpass traditional binary supercomputers in several areas. Now that you know the dry facts, lets dip our toes into the effervescent sea of commentary and get the real scoop on why this techno-event is sending shock waves through the silicon and opening up a new world, not of magic, but of hubba-bubba bubble quantum realities.

Jumpstart those neurons and buckle up! Were about to delve into the fantastic, befuddling, and downright science-fiction-esque world of quantum computing. If you thought your computer was a nifty piece of tech, brace yourself. Quantum computing, quite simply, is like The Matrix met Tron on steroids!

Cracking the code of quantum computing involves diving straight into the depths of the extraordinary quantum realm. In laymans terms, its computing tech thats based on the principles of quantum theory. Remember Schrdingers famed cat? That poor creature thats simultaneously alive and dead until we decide to peek. Well, imagine those cats being your computer bits, in superpositions of both 0s and 1s. Yep, welcome to the future.

Its not all came out of thin air, not by a long shot. Its because of mega brains like mathematician Peter Shor and physicist David Deutsch that we have had such elliptical notions turn foundational stones for this tech revolution.

Oh, the progress weve seen over the years! Its gone from an abstract theory, to multiple working models. And the size difference? Were talking Hulks magnificent transformation, except reverse. The bulky knock-offs have made way to streamlined, chic versions we see showcased today. Notable achievements? Oh, how about Googles landmark quantum supremacy claim?

As we stand at the precipice of quantum reality, todays applications of quantum computers can give sci-fi scenarios a run for their money. From creating rich, complex models of the real-world systems to uncrackable codes quantum computing is making waves. As for industries, were talking revolution in sectors like pharmaceutics, weather prediction, finance, and more. If youre skeptical, remember: Its all in the Matrix!

Of course, every venture has its share of thorny patches. As I always say Hold on to your hats, its not all quantum rainbows and tech butterflies. Admittedly, quantum computing is not immune to challenges and there are controversies surrounding error rates and operational difficulties. But hey, no pain no gain, right?

Peering into the quantum future might just feel like staring into a time vortex. Are we moving towards a quantum invasion? Maybe, maybe not. But aptly summed up by a famous scientist, Prediction is very difficult, especially if its about the future. Aint that the truth!

So, from our existential cat friend Schrodingers controversial pet to Quantum Avengers, the quantum leap is indeed real. The question is, what part will you play in this quantum saga? Think it over while I sign off with, May the qubits be ever in your favour! Now, keep calm and compute quantumly!

So, youve reached the end of this riveting quantum computing journey and youre thirsty for more? Dont fret, weve got you covered, faster than you can say Schrdingers Cat! Here are some additional resources to keep you quantum-leaping forward in your understanding of this mind-boggling field:

1. Quantum Computing for the very curious

https://www.quantum.country/qcvc

A super engaging, interactive introduction to quantum computing. Great for beginners, but fascinating for experts too!

2. The Nature of Quantum Computing

https://www.nature.com/subjects/quantum-computing

An in-depth resource for those eager to dive into the rabbit hole of research articles and scientific papers.

3. 10 Things To Know About Quantum Computing

https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/09/06/10-things-to-know-about-quantum-computing/

Just like it sounds, this Forbes article provides a quick rundown of 10 key facts. Who doesnt love a good ol listicle?

4. Quantum Computing Explained

https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/quantum-computing

IBMs page offers an easy to grasp breakdown of quantum computing. Dont get me wrong, this still isnt kindergarten stuff!

Scour through these resources, and youll be talking qubits, superpositions, and quantum entanglement like a bonafide quantum physicist (or at least like you belong in a Star Trek episode). Remember, in the words of Douglas Adams, I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be. Good luck on your quantum quest!

And now, dear esteemed cybernauts, for the part youve all been steadfastly scrolling for the flamboyant flourish finale, the cherry on the cake of tech wisdom, the disclaimer! Brace yourselves for a twist so outrageous, you might mistake it for a trendsetting sci-fi movie plot.

Prepare to be as stunned as if youve accidentally mixed up your VR goggles with your 3D movie glasses: portions of this tasty tech-blog morsel were tastefully composed with the help of Artificial Intelligence. Yes, you heard that right the same kind of tech thats so hot right now, it makes quantum physics seem like a rubber duck in a science sink!

Why, you ask? Well, because AI is cooler than a polar bears toenails and its very much here to stay. Besides, lets face it, these machine learning maestros are way better at writing than us, humble humans, who still rely on pulsating grey blobs ensconced within our craniums to cobble together clunky sentences.

So there you have it, my dear digital denizens, our blogs virtual secret sauce. Remember, Resistance is futile. (Anyone else catch that cheeky Star Trek reference?). But dont worry, a robot rebellion isnt on the cards just yet. Only high-class tech content and the odd laugh here and there!

Remember: Todays science fiction is tomorrows science fact. Long live AI the guardian angel of this blog post and, soon enough, a whole lot more!

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Quantum computing gets real. In the race between man and machine | by Feed Forward | Dec, 2023 - Medium

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