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Teacher Shortage Solutions for Computer Science and CTE – eSchool News

The lack of computer science technology educators in middle schools continues to be a genuine crisis, especially considering the critical role of STEM education in preparing students for future careers. Traditional hiring practices often result in non-specialist educators teaching computer science, leading to challenges in delivering effective instruction.

Graham Celine, VP of Business Development & Marketing for Intelitek, which offers the online platform CoderZ, emphasized this topic last month at FETC and in this conversation with eSchool. CoderZ aims to address this gap by providing comprehensive tools and resources for both students and educators, enabling structured and engaging computer science education.

With increasing recognition of computer science as a fundamental skill, particularly evidenced by state standards mandating its inclusion in curricula, CoderZ offers a solution aligned with educational goals and industry demands. Graham says the programs flexible implementation options cater to various educational settings, from individual subscriptions to district-wide adoption. Moreover, he points to the products assessment strategies focused on student outcomes, employing a combination of automated evaluations and teacher-led assessments to ensure comprehensive learning assessment. Have a listen:

Key Takeaways:

Below is a machine-generated transcript of the interview:

00:00:20 Speaker 1

Because nobody goes to learn how to be a computer science teacher and then goes to to, to, to elementary schools. If youre a computer science educator, you go teach in high school or university.

00:00:33 Speaker 1

So what lands up happening is we take.

00:00:35 Speaker 1

The math teacher.

00:00:36 Speaker 1

Or the science teacher or the librarian. We say. Hey, teach computer science.

00:00:41 Speaker 2

Right.

00:00:41 Speaker 1

And that doesnt always work because theyre afraid of technology. Theyre afraid of teaching something that they dont know. And So what weve done at Codez is weve created an environment which not only is engaging for the students, and its not only accessible to the students because being online, they can take it anywhere they want from home, in the class, in the library.

00:01:02 Speaker 1

On their phone, on their computer, on their iPad.

00:01:06 Speaker 1

But its got all the tools and capabilities that enable the uh, the educators, the instructors to uh, implement those type of programs. So weve got professional development, weve got teacher guides, weve got pacing guides, weve got slides, weve got background material, all that the teachers need in order to prepare.

00:01:27 Speaker 1

Properly and to be able to deliver there and to build environments like peer teaching environments where the the strongest students will help the weakest students and to keep the the, the the teacher doesnt have to be involved.

00:01:39 Speaker 1

But then why is computer science? Its then becoming important because its becoming a mandate. Its in some states. Its this, its a its recognized as a as a language. In some states, its becoming a standard, notably Texas and and and and New Jersey. Sorry, New York have got.

00:01:59 Speaker 1

State standards and theyre requiring schools to teach computer science and digital literacy as part of their program in the 242025 school year. So from an administrative perspective, this is important.

00:02:15 Speaker 1

And so having a program that is not just some software that you can download off the Internet and let your students play around with and say, OK, we taught them a little bit about coding, having a a program that is structured that allows you to teach computer science in a very structured.

00:02:36 Speaker 1

Logical way that aligns with the goals of these CSA NGSS taxes. New York and other standards is really important. Thats where code Z fits.

00:02:48 Speaker 1

In so weve created an education tool that really fits what the market needs.

00:02:49 Speaker 2

OK.

00:02:55 Speaker 2

Now let me ask this the the implementation. This is is sort of a a district wide implementation or is this something that say can start from the a bottoms up sort of adoption in schools? I mean how does that happen both?

00:03:07 Speaker 1

It it it, it can be both. Uh, you know, in the end we we we have users that are individuals, parents who just want their kids to learn more and so they can sign up on our website.

00:03:19 Speaker 1

And and get a subscription we have a.

00:03:21 Speaker 1

Lot of clubs.

00:03:22 Speaker 1

So a lot of those computer science and robotics clubs are now taking it to the next level. We have many thousands of schools around the the the country and around the world, and we have districts from our perspective, obviously the best way to implement this is from the top down.

00:03:40 Speaker 1

Because the teachers get the most support.

00:03:43 Speaker 1

That way they get the the.

00:03:44 Speaker 1

The the right tools, the most support and the results.

00:03:48 Speaker 1

Visible in the end, thats what the administrators want to see. So we put this new program in how many students registered for the program, how many students completed the program? How many hours were taken of the program, what were the outcomes of the program? And thats a top down approach. But from our perspective.

00:04:08 Speaker 1

We deal with it in all different directions.

00:04:11 Speaker 2

Ill talk about the the assessment aspects of it when you, when you talk about collecting that sort of data, are you talking about collecting it on the uses of the of the, the faculty themselves or do you mean from as a professional development tool, but also as a student? So kind of give us the the assessment?

00:04:28 Speaker 1

Is on a student level.

00:04:29 Speaker 2

OK.

00:04:30 Speaker 1

Obviously the the the.

00:04:31 Speaker 1

The we have all.

00:04:32 Speaker 1

The professional development and all the tools for the student, for the teachers. But were not testing the teachers.

00:04:37

What were.

00:04:38 Speaker 1

Were analyzing is.

00:04:39 Speaker 1

The students, and theres two ways to do that. Theres.

00:04:43 Speaker 1

Theres uh, automatic or passive evaluations. So we look at how many hours did they complete missions. Now if if theres a mission and its all gamified, so theyre making this robot move around the the, the, the, the screen. But it says you got to do this five times using a loop.

00:05:02 Speaker 1

Well, we can evaluate that automatically. Did the student use a loop in their program?

00:05:07 Speaker 1

If yes, we know that theyve learned how.

00:05:10 Speaker 1

To use loops.

00:05:11 Speaker 1

There are other factors that are more subjective and so there we give this the teacher the the task and we say, OK, you have to grade this exercise. The student was supposed to show that they can document correctly. Did the student.

00:05:28 Speaker 1

Document this.

00:05:29 Speaker 1

Well, now the teacher can open up the students workbook, see what they did, and give them a grade. They did it well. They did it medium. They didnt do it at all. And so by taking those together, plus adding in just basic assessments, what you know, type of test, the traditional test capabilities, quizzes.

00:05:49 Speaker 1

That that appear along the way throughout the curriculum, we can add that all up and provide.

00:05:54 Speaker 1

A a very.

00:05:55 Speaker 1

Comprehensive view of how the students have have succeeded within the the application now that rolls up.

00:06:03 Speaker 1

A teacher sees their classroom or their multiple classrooms. A principal will see all the classes in the school and administrator would see all the schools in a district.

00:06:15 Speaker 2

Gotcha. Talk a little bit about the day-to-day use. Is this something that is a is a supplement that is done after school? Is it in school kind of give us kind of a a day-to-day kind of use of the tool both I guess?

00:06:31 Speaker 1

All of the above. Yeah, its it it.

00:06:33 Speaker 1

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Programmers and paleontologists alike to compete at ninth annual RowdyHacks – The University of Texas at San Antonio

We wanted to make something fun and silly. We like RowdyHacks to be a fun and chillax event, while also still supporting the community, Zuniga added. While we were brainstorming, I thought dinosaurs would be really cool.

Perhaps its fortunate the team wasnt inspired by a different Spielberg film about dinosaurs.

Hackers will have the opportunity to attend workshops and engage with mentors who have professional experience across a variety of computer science fields. These sessions will help students gain experience and expand their skillsets. Those trying to land jobs or internships will find that RowdyHacks provides invaluable networking and recruiting opportunities for students and recruiters, says RowdyHacks Director Meira (Mei) Sullum, a junior computer science major.

Its a really great way to get your foot in the door to directly talk to a recruiter, she said. Just showing up at an event like this is showing recruiters that youre putting in that extra effort, so it helps you stand out. Usually, recruiters end up reaching out afterwards at hackathons. Its a very good way to find companies and internships.

As part of its 10-year strategic plan, UTSA aims for 75% of its undergraduate students to participate in some type of experiential learning by the time they graduate.

Besides the experiential learning and professional development opportunities at the event, one of the key draws of RowdyHacks is that its fun. As logistics lead, ensuring that RowdyHacks is indeed a good time is one of Murrays primary responsibilities.

Theres two sides to hackathons: Theres doing the actual project and then theres also that hackathon experience, which is going there, learning, being there for the vibes. Its going to be a good time, he said. I really like it when I see people showing up and realizing we have Pad Thai from local restaurants or plenty of snacks. Having that experience and having people see the fruit of all the work that weve been doing is super rewarding. I cant wait to see it this weekend.

This years event will be the second RowdyHacks held at San Pedro I. Organizers are hoping to build upon last years successes and utilize the space to its full potential.

This year were really trying to perfect that formula and put on the best event we can for 500 hackers, Murray said.

However, in a bid to prioritize quality over size, the organizers for this years event decided to limit participation to roughly 500 students, approximately what it was last year.

Of course, 500 students from Texas and beyond is by no means a small event, nor does limiting the number of registrants imply that the event wont expand in the future, Zuniga notes.

RowdyHacks is the biggest hackathon in San Antonio, he said. When people from other universities think of RowdyHacks, they think of San Antonio; when they think of San Antonio, they think of RowdyHacks. Although were big right now, were only looking to grow.

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Method identified to double computer processing speeds | UCR News | UC Riverside – UC Riverside

Hung-Wei Tseng

Imagine doubling the processing power of your smartphone, tablet, personal computer, or server using the existing hardware already in these devices.

Hung-Wei Tseng, a UC Riverside associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, has laid out a paradigm shift in computer architecture to do just that in a recent paper titled, Simultaneous and Heterogeneous Multithreading.

Tseng explained that todays computer devices increasingly have graphics processing units (GPUs), hardware accelerators for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), or digital signal processing units as essential components. These components process information separately, moving information from one processing unit to the next, which in effect creates a bottleneck.

In their paper, Tseng and UCR computer science graduate student Kuan-Chieh Hsu introduce what they call simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading or SHMT. They describe their development of a proposed SHMT framework on an embedded system platform that simultaneously uses a multi-core ARM processor, an NVIDIA GPU, and a Tensor Processing Unit hardware accelerator.

The system achieved a 1.96 times speedup and a 51% reduction in energy consumption.

You dont have to add new processors because you already have them, Tseng said.

The implications are huge.

Simultaneous use of existing processing components could reduce computer hardware costs while also reducing carbon emissions from the energy produced to keep servers running in warehouse-size data processing centers. It also could reduce the need for scarce freshwater used to keep servers cool.

Tsengs paper, however, cautions that further investigation is needed to answer several questions about system implementation, hardware support, code optimization, and what kind of applications stand to benefit the most, among other issues.

The paper was presented at the 56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture held in October in Toronto, Canada. The paper garnered recognition from Tsengs professional peers in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, or IEEE, who selected it as one of 12 papers included in the groups Top Picks from the Computer Architecture Conferences issue to be published this coming summer.

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‘The Worlds I See’ by AI visionary Fei-Fei Li ’99 selected as Princeton Pre-read – Princeton University

Trailblazing computer scientist Fei-Fei Lis memoir The Worlds I See: Curiosity, Exploration, and Discovery at the Dawn of AI has been selected as the next Princeton Pre-read.

The book, which connects Lis personal story as a young immigrant and scientist with the origin stories of artificial intelligence and human-centered AI, was named to technology book lists for 2023 by the Financial Times and former President Barack Obama.

President Christopher L. Eisgruber, who began the Pre-read tradition in 2013, said he hopes Lis story will inspire incoming first-year students. After reading the book over the summer, members of the Class of 2028 will discuss the The Worlds I See with Li and Eisgruber at the Pre-read Assembly during Orientation.

Wherever your interests lie in the humanities, the social sciences, the natural sciences, or engineering, I hope that Professor Lis example will inspire and encourage you as you explore the joys of learning at Princeton, a place that Professor Li calls a paradise for the intellect, Eisgruber said in a forward written for the Pre-read edition of the book.

Li is the inaugural Sequoia Capital Professor in Computer Science at Stanford University and co-director of Stanfords Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Institute. Last year, she was named to the TIME100 list of the most influential people in AI.

She graduated from Princeton in 1999 with a degree in physics and will be honored with the Universitys Woodrow Wilson Award during Alumni Day on Feb. 24.

Li has spent two decades at the forefront of research related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and computer vision.

While on the faculty at Princeton in 2009, she began the project that became ImageNet, an online database that was instrumental in the development of computer vision.Princeton computer scientists Jia Deng, Kai Li andOlga Russakovsky are also members of the ImageNet senior research team.

In 2017, Fei-Fei Liand Russakovskyco-founded AI4All, which supports educational programs designed to introduce high school students with diverse perspectives, voices and experiences to the field of AI to unlock its potential to benefit humanity.

Li is an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Courtesy of Macmillan Publishers

The Worlds I See shares her firsthand account of how AI has already revolutionized our world and what it means for our future. Li writes about her work with national and local policymakers to ensure the responsible use of technology. She has testified on the issue before U.S. Senate and Congressional committees.

Professor Li beautifully illuminates the persistence that science demands, the disappointments and detours that are inevitable parts of research, and the discoveries, both large and small, that sustain her energy, Eisgruber said.

Li also shares deeply personal stories in her memoir, from moving to the U.S. from China at age 15 to flourishing as an undergraduate at Princeton while also helping run her familys dry-cleaning business.

Professor Lis book weaves together multiple narratives, Eisgruber said. One of them is about her life as a Chinese immigrant in America. She writes poignantly about the challenges that she and her family faced, the opportunities they treasured, and her search for a sense of belonging in environments that sometimes made her feel like an outsider.

During a talk on campus last November, Li said she sees a deep cosmic connection between her experiences as an immigrant and a scientist.

They share one very interesting characteristic, which is the uncertainty, Li said during the Princeton University Public Lecture. When you are an immigrant, or you are at the beginning of your young adult life, there is so much unknown. ... You have to explore and you have to really find your way. It is very similar to becoming a scientist.

Li said she became a scientist to find answers to the unknown, and in The Worlds I See she describes her quest for a North Star in science and life.

In the Pre-read forward, Eisgruber encouraged students to think about their own North Stars and what may guide them through their Princeton journeys.

Copies of The Worlds I See, published by Macmillan Publishers, will be sent this summer to students enrolled in the Class of 2028. (Information on admission dates and deadlines for the Class of 2028 is available on the Admission website).

More information about the Pre-read tradition for first-year students can be found on the Pre-read website. A list of previous Pre-read books follows.

2013 The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen by Kwame Anthony Appiah

2014 Meaning in Life and Why It Matters by Susan Wolf

2015 Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do by Claude Steele

2016 Our Declaration: A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality by Danielle Allen

2017 What Is Populism? by Jan-Werner Mller

2018 Speak Freely: Why Universities Must Defend Free Speech by Keith Whittington

2019 Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy by James Williams

2020 This America by Jill Lepore

2021 Moving Up Without Losing Your Way by Jennifer Morton

2022 Every Day the River Changes by Jordan Salama

2023 How to Stand Up to a Dictator: The Fight for Our Future by Maria Ressa.

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Encoding computers of the future – EurekAlert

image:

In an Ising computer (illustrated here with 4 bits), the variables all evolve towards a solution in parallel.

Credit: The Authors doi: 10.1117/1.JOM.4.1.014501.

In our data-driven era, solving complex problems efficiently is crucial. However, traditional computers often struggle with this task when dealing with a large number of interacting variables, leading to inefficiencies such as the von Neumann bottleneck. A new type of collective state computing has emerged to address this issue by mapping these optimization problems onto something called the Ising problem in magnetism.

Here's how it works: Imagine representing a problem as a graph, where nodes are connected by edges. Each node has two states, either +1 or -1, representing the potential solutions. The goal is to find the configuration that minimizes the system's total energy, based on a concept called a Hamiltonian.

To solve the Ising Hamiltonian efficiently, researchers are exploring physical systems that could outperform traditional computers. One promising approach involves using light-based techniques, where information is encoded into properties like polarization state, phase, or amplitude. By leveraging effects like interference and optical feedback, these systems can quickly find the correct solution.

In a study published in theJournal of Optical Microsystems, researchers from the National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research looked at using a system of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) to solve Ising problems. In this setup, information is encoded in the linear polarization states of the VCSELs, with each state corresponding to a potential solution. The lasers are connected to each other, and the interactions between them encode the problem's structure.

The researchers tested their system on modest 2-, 3-, and 4-bit Ising problems and found promising results. However, they also identified challenges, such as the need for minimal VCSEL lasing anisotropy, which may be difficult to achieve in practice. Nonetheless, overcoming these challenges could lead to an all-optical VCSEL-based computer architecture capable of solving problems that are currently out of reach for traditional computers.

Read the Gold Open Access paper by Loke et al., Linear polarization state encoding for Ising computing with optically injection-locked VCSELs,"Journal of Optical Microsystems4(1), 014501 (2023) DOI10.1117/1.JOM.4.1.014501.

Journal of Optical Microsystems

Linear polarization state encoding for Ising computing with optically injection-locked VCSELs

28-Dec-2023

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Generative AI: Users should understand its strengths, weaknesses, and biases – EurekAlert

By Alvin Lee

SMU Office of Research Artificial Intelligence, like almost all other technologies, can be used for both good and less-than-benign purposes. Fire provides warmth and light but can also be used to commit arson, while dynamite was originally invented to facilitate mining and construction but has been used for destructive ends.

How well you use the technology, and find a way to use it, is as important as the technology itself, noted Cheong Wei Yang, Vice Provost of Strategic Research Partnerships at SMU. Dr. Cheong was the moderator of a panel discussion on Artificial Intelligence during a Global Young Scientists Summit (GYSS) 2024 site visit to SMU on 8 January. The panellists were: Jiang Jing, SMU Professor of Computer Science, and Director of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Cluster; Ngo Chong Wah, SMU Professor of Computer Science, and Director of Human-Machine Collaborative Systems Cluster; and Anthony Tang, SMU Associate Professor of Computer Science.

Generative AI, which is almost synonymous with OpenAIs ChatGPT, took centrestage just as it has in recent times. Elaborating on Dr. Cheongs observation of technologys dual usage, Professor Jiang pointed out that when ChatGPT was first released, one could ask the question, How can I make a bomb? and step-by-step instructions would be presented as answers. OpenAI has since addressed that loophole, but it has not stopped people from asking the same question in different ways to trick the software into giving them the information.

Related to that is the question: Who decides what is permitted and what is not?

Right now its a small group of people at OpenAI, but they are not representative of the world population, says Professor Jiang. The training data has biases. Users may not be aware of these biases. How can you ensure that users wont blindly accept the suggestions of such tools?

People look at ChatGPT and see its power answering factual questions, and get the impression that AI knows everything. If we educate users that there are biases and such, they will understand the big picture in the same way children grow up to understand advertisements are advertisements, not factual information.

Professor Ngo observed that few, if any, people fully understand how a large neural network such as ChatGPT works. He noted that most of us use mobile phones and watch television without understanding completely the underlying technology, and it does not make much of a difference whether users did or did not. But if those who created an AI system do not completely understand how it functions, then it could pose problems.

Right now, ChatGPT is software. One day, ChatGPT might be embedded into hardware, such as a robot. Robots can then talk to robots, and things might get out of control, he says.

Despite such concerns, Professor Ngo gave examples of AIs benefits. I have students from places where English is not the native language, ranging from Vietnam to Mainland China. Sometimes they dont understand each other. Right now they communicate by typing in text in their native languages to generate an image on ChatGPT, and they take it from there.

Professor Tang told the audience of 86 participants from over 50 universities worldwide that AI applications could change not only how content is produced but how it is consumed. What if when I get a large email, I put it through ChatGPT to give me a summary and maybe generate a reply, but then my recipient does the same? he says. There are questions we need to ask ourselves, such as: What happens when this becomes a substitute for interacting with one another?

During the Q&A session, when the panel was asked if the seeming obsession with AI might be a fad, Professor Tang cast the collective eye back to five years back.

Many of us sit on the review committees for research grants. Five years ago metaverse was in every grant proposal. Now the phrase generative AI has taken its place. While it is difficult to imagine it right now, one day, something else will take its place.

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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DOJ designates Mayer to serve as first chief science and technology adviser and chief AI officer – Princeton University

Photo by David Kelly Crow

Princetons Jonathan Mayer has taken a new role as the inaugural chief science and technology advisor and chief artificial intelligence officer at the U.S. Department of Justice. In the newly created role, Mayer will advise on complex issues of technology, law and policy, including cybersecurity and artificial intelligence.

Mayer has committed to serve in this position for at least 12 months. He started at the end of January, and he plans to return to Princeton after the conclusion of his government service.

Mayer, an assistant professor of computer science and public affairs and a member of Princetons Class of2009, researches and teaches in both the School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA) and the Department of Computer Science. He is a resident faculty member at Princetons Center for Information Technology Policy (CITP).

Mayer joined Princetons faculty in 2018. He previously served as the technology law and policy advisor to then-Senator Kamala Harris. Before that, he was chief technologist of the Federal Communications Commission Enforcement Bureau and a technology advisor at the California Office of the Attorney General. Mayer earned his A.B. from Princeton in 2009, a J.D. from Stanford in 2013, and a Ph.D. from Stanford in 2018.

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Niklaus Wirth, Visionary Software Architect, Dies at 89 – The New York Times

In 1999, an up-and-coming software engineer in Switzerland was preparing for a conference in France when he learned that the Swiss computer scientist Niklaus Wirth, a pioneer in the field, was also attending and would be on the same flight.

The engineer, Kent Beck, had never met Dr. Wirth. But, he recalled in an interview, upon arriving at the airport he told the gate agent: My colleague Professor Wirth and I are flying together. Would it be possible for us to sit together?

Mr. Beck, who would eventually become a well-known programmer in his own right, said that sitting next to Dr. Wirth and talking shop was comparable to a young singer getting the chance to perform with Taylor Swift. Among other feats in computer history, Dr. Wirth had created Pascal, an influential programming language in the early days of personal computing.

It was out of character for me to be that bold, Mr. Beck said of his duplicity, but I would have regretted it the rest of my life.

The agent assigned him the middle seat next to his supposed colleague, who had the window. Sitting down, Mr. Beck confessed to the fraud right away. Dr. Wirth was mildly amused. Once a geek knows that youre interested in what they geek about, Mr. Beck said, then the conversation is off and running.

Dr. Wirth died of heart failure on Jan. 1 at his home in Zurich, his daughter Tina Wirth said. He was 89.

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Never-Repeating Tiles Can Safeguard Quantum Information – Quanta Magazine

This extreme fragility might make quantum computing sound hopeless. But in 1995, the applied mathematician Peter Shor discovered a clever way to store quantum information. His encoding had two key properties. First, it could tolerate errors that only affected individual qubits. Second, it came with a procedure for correcting errors as they occurred, preventing them from piling up and derailing a computation. Shors discovery was the first example of a quantum error-correcting code, and its two key properties are the defining features of all such codes.

The first property stems from a simple principle: Secret information is less vulnerable when its divided up. Spy networks employ a similar strategy. Each spy knows very little about the network as a whole, so the organization remains safe even if any individual is captured. But quantum error-correcting codes take this logic to the extreme. In a quantum spy network, no single spy would know anything at all, yet together theyd know a lot.

Each quantum error-correcting code is a specific recipe for distributing quantum information across many qubits in a collective superposition state. This procedure effectively transforms a cluster of physical qubits into a single virtual qubit. Repeat the process many times with a large array of qubits, and youll get many virtual qubits that you can use to perform computations.

The physical qubits that make up each virtual qubit are like those oblivious quantum spies. Measure any one of them, and youll learn nothing about the state of the virtual qubit its a part of a property called local indistinguishability. Since each physical qubit encodes no information, errors in single qubits wont ruin a computation. The information that matters is somehow everywhere, yet nowhere in particular.

You cant pin it down to any individual qubit, Cubitt said.

All quantum error-correcting codes can absorb at least one error without any effect on the encoded information, but they will all eventually succumb as errors accumulate. Thats where the second property of quantum error-correcting codes kicks in the actual error correction. This is closely related to local indistinguishability: Because errors in individual qubits dont destroy any information, its always possible to reverse any error using established procedures specific to each code.

Zhi Li, a postdoc at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, was well versed in the theory of quantum error correction. But the subject was far from his mind when he struck up a conversation with his colleague Latham Boyle. It was the fall of 2022, and the two physicists were on an evening shuttle from Waterloo to Toronto. Boyle, an expert in aperiodic tilings who lived in Toronto at the time and is now at the University of Edinburgh, was a familiar face on those shuttle rides, which often got stuck in heavy traffic.

Normally they could be very miserable, Boyle said. This was like the greatest one of all time.

Before that fateful evening, Li and Boyle knew of each others work, but their research areas didnt directly overlap, and theyd never had a one-on-one conversation. But like countless researchers in unrelated fields, Li was curious about aperiodic tilings. Its very hard to be not interested, he said.

Interest turned into fascination when Boyle mentioned a special property of aperiodic tilings: local indistinguishability. In that context, the term means something different. The same set of tiles can form infinitely many tilings that look completely different overall, but its impossible to tell any two tilings apart by examining any local area. Thats because every finite patch of any tiling, no matter how large, will show up somewhere in every other tiling.

If I plop you down in one tiling or the other and give you the rest of your life to explore, youll never be able to figure out whether I put you down in your tiling or my tiling, Boyle said.

To Li, this seemed tantalizingly similar to the definition of local indistinguishability in quantum error correction. He mentioned the connection to Boyle, who was instantly transfixed. The underlying mathematics in the two cases was quite different, but the resemblance was too intriguing to dismiss.

Li and Boyle wondered whether they could draw a more precise connection between the two definitions of local indistinguishability by building a quantum error-correcting code based on a class of aperiodic tilings. They continued talking through the entire two-hour shuttle ride, and by the time they arrived in Toronto they were sure that such a code was possible it was just a matter of constructing a formal proof.

Li and Boyle decided to start with Penrose tilings, which were simple and familiar. To transform them into a quantum error-correcting code, theyd have to first define what quantum states and errors would look like in this unusual system. That part was easy. An infinite two-dimensional plane covered with Penrose tiles, like a grid of qubits, can be described using the mathematical framework of quantum physics: The quantum states are specific tilings instead of 0s and 1s. An error simply deletes a single patch of the tiling pattern, the way certain errors in qubit arrays wipe out the state of every qubit in a small cluster.

The next step was to identify tiling configurations that wouldnt be affected by localized errors, like the virtual qubit states in ordinary quantum error-correcting codes. The solution, as in an ordinary code, was to use superpositions. A carefully chosen superposition of Penrose tilings is akin to a bathroom tile arrangement proposed by the worlds most indecisive interior decorator. Even if a piece of that jumbled blueprint is missing, it wont betray any information about the overall floor plan.

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Shri Narayanan named USC VP for presidential initiatives – University of Southern California

Shrikanth Shri Narayanan, a USC University Professor known for his pioneering research in human-centered sensing, computing and information processing, has been appointed vice president for presidential initiatives, USC President Carol Folt announced Thursday.

Narayanan will be the first to hold this position. An internationally acclaimed scholar, Narayanan holds academic appointments in multiple schools and institutes at USC, including the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, the Keck School of Medicine of USC and the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

Advances are taking place at an astonishing rate in the evolving fields encompassed by our moonshots. This role was created to focus not only on implementing, but also continually broadening, amplifying and weaving our moonshots together, so USC remains at the forefront of discovery and innovation, Folt said. Professor Narayanan is the perfect choice for this role. He has built teams from across multiple schools, locations, disciplines, units and approaches. His energy and innovation are infectious, and the work he takes on flourishes.

Narayanan begins the role at a pivotal time. The university now is part of an exclusive group of research institutions that have surpassed $1 billion in research spending, thanks to significant investments in the presidents moonshots.

USC also is making rapid progress on the USC Frontiers of Computing initiative, and just celebrated the launch of the USC School of Advanced Computing and the naming of its first director, Gaurav Sukhatme from USC Viterbi. Focusing on bringing these moonshots together will be a primary focus at the outset.

Narayanans experience spans academia and industry. A visiting faculty researcher at Google, he holds joint appointments in multiple areas: computer science and electrical engineering, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, pediatrics, and otolaryngology head and neck surgery.

Shri is a Renaissance scholar who understands the why and the how of integrating diverse aspects of USC research to produce meaningful impact, said Ishwar K. Puri, senior vice president of research and innovation. Integrating the various presidential initiatives and moonshots will prime USC for research focused on creating a healthier and cleaner world.

Narayanan will report directly to the president, and will work closely with the universitys senior leadership team, deans, institute directors and scholars from all schools.

I am inspired by President Folts vision of educating the next generation to contribute to society, both individually and collectively, said Narayanan. As we advance knowledge across different domains scientific, technological, creative we must translate that knowledge into real-world solutions. The collision of creative and technological minds, which USC and Los Angeles are known for, is a powerful engine of innovation.

Narayanan envisions establishing even more connections through his new role beyond those he has built as a research director at the USC Information Sciences Institute, known for its historic achievements in computer science, and as director of the Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory at USC Viterbi.

Throughout his 25 years at the university, Narayanan has been a collaborator. Shri knows how to combine the rigor of science and engineering with the heart of humanities, said Yannis C. Yortsos, dean of USC Viterbi. He has shown in his own work the value of bringing together creative teams, and his enthusiasm for discovery is a powerful force for engaging students, faculty and staff from all fields.

In 2020, for example, Narayanan and a team of computer scientists and psychologists used artificial intelligence and neuroimaging to uncover surprising connections between musical elements and physiological responses. Their work opened doors for novel music therapy to treat anxiety, pain and even dementia.

Assal Habibi, an associate professor (research) of psychology at USC Dornsife who co-authored the study, said Narayanan has a unique ability to lead teams with a clear vision, fostering a research environment where creativity and rigor thrive equally.

In other notable research, Narayanan and his team at the Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory partnered with the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media in 2017 to develop an AI tool that uses facial recognition, audio analysis and language processing to objectively track gender bias in Hollywood films.

More recently, Narayanan has spearheaded PRECOG, which harnesses neuroscience, linguistics and human-centered machine learning to improve screening for depression and suicidal ideation. The PRECOG team of USC and UCLA researchers are developing automated screening tools that analyze subtle changes in voice and behavior to paint a more comprehensive picture of mental health and well-being.

In her letter announcing Narayanans position, Folt wrote: Many of you already know Shri and his infectious energy and passion for discovery. He shares my belief that even the smallest idea can blossom into a world-class solution, particularly if you bring in a wide range of voices from the outset. He tells me he sees a university without walls or boundaries. This is precisely the approach we need to connect and integrate talent, ideas and strengths from across the institution.

Before Narayanan became a USC scientist, he was a UCLA graduate student who often visited the University Park Campus not just for good food and music with friends, but for the sense of belonging he found at USC.

I was drawn to USCs diverse student body, especially its vibrant community of Indian students, he said. Youd hear a lot about the Trojan Family, but I didnt fully understand the meaning until years later, after becoming a member and then a parent.

In 2019 and 2020, Narayanans daughter graduated from USC with a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in English, respectively. He had the honor of presenting her diploma in 2019.

In that moment, the esteemed scholar and researcher was simply a father, beaming with Trojan pride.

My proudest accomplishment yet, he said.

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Shri Narayanan named USC VP for presidential initiatives - University of Southern California

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