The leading candidates for governor of Vermont earned between $190,000 and $400,000, according to their most recent tax returns well in excess of the state's average income. But none came close to lieutenant gubernatorial candidate Scott Milne, who reported making more than $2 million in 2018.
The Pomfret Republican took more than $256,000 in profits from Milne Travel and drew a salary close to $101,000, according to a tax return filed with the Secretary of State's Office. Milne owns a 49 percent stake in the travel agency cofounded by his late parents and nowmajority-owned by Altour.
But the vast majority of the candidate's 2018 income came not from plane tickets or cruise ship reservations but fromthe sale of cryptocurrency. Milne's tax return shows capital gains of more than $1.7 million, most of which he said was attributable to sale of the Ethereumand Ethereum Classic digital currencies.
"These investments are one of the cleanest ways of investing in the promise blockchain can bring to society, which I believe is immense and potentially transformational," he said. Milne declined to discuss the details of the transactions, but during his 2016 race for the U.S. Senate, he reported owning between $300,000 and $600,000 of the two currencies. The price of both spiked in 2018 and has since retreated.
"I had some investments that were very strong that year, had a business that was very strong that year," Milne said. "Obviously I've had a lot of years that were not like that."
Milne's success in 2018 evidently did not inspire a turn to philanthropy. He said he donated just $4,885 to charitable causes that year about two-tenths of 1 percent of his income. "I gave north of half a million dollars to the federal government," he explained. "So that was money that went to support our common good."
Since the 2018 election, candidates for the state legislature have been required to submit financial disclosure forms when petitioning to get on the ballot. Those running for statewide office must also submit a copy of their most recent tax return. (Because Tax Day was delayed until July this year due to the coronavirus pandemic, some candidates provided their 2018 returns, while others did so for 2019.)
The documents do not include a list of assets or reveal a candidate's net worth, but they do provide a glimpse of a candidate's most recent earnings. The latest batch shows that several top candidates made far more than Vermont's median household income of roughly $60,000 a year.
Democratic gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Holcombe, a former state education secretary from Norwich, reported that she and her spouse made nearly $403,000 in 2019. Republican Gov. Phil Scott and his spouse made close to $293,000 in 2018. Patrick Winburn, a Democratic gubernatorial candidate and Bennington lawyer, earned more than $235,000 with his spouse that year. And Lt. Gov. David Zuckerman, an organic farmer from Hinesburg who is also seeking the Democratic gubernatorial nomination, reported with his spouse more than $191,000 in income in 2019.
Holcombe and her husband, ProPublica investigative reporter James Bandler,reported more than $138,000 in wages that year. For the first few months of 2019, Holcombe worked as an adjunct professor at Boston College. Thecouple also co-own with four others the Highland Lodge, an inn in Greensboro.
In addition to their salaries, Holcombe and Bandler reported nearly $97,000 in dividends and more than $165,000 in capital gains.
Holcombe said she came into an inheritance in early 2019 and opted to sell or give away some of the stocks she acquired. "Primarily, the gains you see on the return were associated with divestment from fossil fuels and [the pharmaceutical industry], as well as some technology," she said.
According to Holcombe, she and Bandler made nearly $197,000 in charitable contributions that year, largely in the form of stocks. Only about $133,000 of that was deductible, she said.
Holcombe, who has promised to fight for low-income Vermonters, said her personal finances helped illustrate inequities within the economic system."It's a really good case study of how our current economy doesn't work for most Americans," she said. "What you see in my tax returns is that the strength of the stock market is unconnected with the strength of the broader economy and particularly the well-being of lower earners."
According to Zuckerman, most of his $58,000 worth of deductions that year were the result of stock gifts to climate education organizations.
Zuckerman, who co-owns Hinesburg's Full Moon Farm with wife, Rachel Nevitt, reported $99,000 in wages in 2019. That included Zuckerman's $67,000 salary as lieutenant governor and Nevitt's pay from the farm.
The couple also reported nearly $106,000 worth of losses, which Zuckerman attributed to a tough year on the farm. A droughtthe previous summer and fall led to a small harvest and reduced sales over the winter, he said. The farm then invested in new infrastructure and a hemp crop that was initially unprofitable. "Serving as lieutenant governor has impacted the profitability of the farm," he said.
Though Zuckerman said he considered himself fortunate, he argued that the 2019 tax year was an aberration.
"Sometimes a single snapshot in time doesn't always tell the whole story," he said. "Ultimately, I've been very lucky to not have college debt and to have been able to start a business, but the recent economic bump is due to the unfortunate circumstance of my mom passing away."
"This is the most I've ever made in any job I've ever had, so this is a blip on the screen in some respects," Scott said of his gubernatorial gig. "Everything I did for 30 years was to keep reinvesting in [DuBois] and not taking a lot out."
Winburn, who has contributed more than $105,000 to his own campaign, had $188,000 in earnings from his law practice in 2018, according to his tax return. His wife, Kim Winburn, made another $45,000 as his office manager.
The remaining candidates for governor Douglas Cavett, Ralph Corbo, Cris Ericson, John Klar, Bernard Peters, Emily Peyton and Boots Wardinski all reported far more modest earnings or failed to file a tax return. The same was true for many of Milne's competitors for lieutenant governor.
Among the leading contenders for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor, Assistant Attorney General Molly Gray reported close to $80,000 in earnings in 2019, Senate President Tim Ashe (D/P-Chittenden) made $47,000in 2018 and activist Brenda Siegel earned just more than $8,000in 2018.
Like Holcombe and Zuckerman, Ingram attributed her wealth to an inheritance. "It just so happens it's the most income I've ever made in my whole life," she said. "The focus of my politics has been on everyday Vermonters who don't make a lot of money and making sure we protect the vulnerable in our society. So I don't want to come across as somebody who's out of touch. I'm not."
Disclosure: Tim Ashe is the domestic partner of Seven Days publisher and coeditor Paula Routly. Find our conflict-of-interest policy here: sevendaysvt.com/disclosure.
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Cryptocurrency and Capital Gains: The Sources of Vermont Candidates' Wealth - Seven Days