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Photoelectric effect of physics in technology – The National

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BY MICHAEL JOHN UGLOI WAS working with the Curriculum Development and Assessment Division (CDAD) of the National Department of Education (NDOE) for a three-year stint.In the year 2001, as the Science and Technology Section head with the Secondary and National High Schools level at CDAD, I completed a Grade 12 Physics teachers resource unit booklet titled Energy Transmission by Waves started off by the previous incumbent namely Russel Jackson who was a physics graduate from the Oxford University, England. This resource booklet is currently in use by the Grade 12 Physics teachers to teach the Unit 4 Physics topic on Waves and Energy Transmission in PNG secondary and national high schools at the moment. I hope they still do.Whilst on energy transmission by particles, another particle I have encountered at CDAD was a nitrile ion. It is a triple bond radical with a carbon ion which are attached in a triple bond and carries a negative charge thus it is called an anion. Before chemistry big names and the PNG Grade 12 Chemistry co-examination panel like Professor Frank Griffin UPNG, Dr. Wimblemann from Germany UOG, Dr Charles from England Unitech, Dr Peter Petsul UPNG, Freddy Kuama UPNG, Arron Hayes from Australia NDOE, I discussed nitrile ion as a functional group that allows for formation of a fibre molecule and the other for a protein molecule synthesis.Fortunately, my explanation was accepted and the question on the organic chemistry was included in the Grade 12 examination in that year. The idea exemplified here is that fibre from for instance plant cellulose can be made into clothes that you wear.Quite contrarily, a protein is something that you can have as food whether it is a plant or an animal protein. This particular particle (nitrile) has carried an imminent potential to create such wonders that can also convert into energy as proteins can convert to saccharides and cellulose are polysaccharides just like the wave particle that transmit energy that both can, do work on the other side of the equation.That was a preamble to this lecture. The photoelectric effect is a demonstration of this energy coupled with its transmission in the form of a wave as an energy particle. An energy packet called a photon (Ephoton) gives rise to the speed of light(v) as a factor of the Plancks constant and together divided by the photon wavelength. A constant is a number that is always given in any mathematical or chemical equation. (That is; Ephoton=hv=hc/wavelength of photon.) The maximum amount of energy is required in electron volt (eV) to displace a valence electron from its rightful position. The two as a wave and a particle to effect in the energy and its transmission are inseparable which has brought to the revolutionizing phenomenon of the wave-particle duality as Albert Einstein found and established for the contemporary physics studied throughout the world.This is a Nobel Prize winning attempt by Albert Einstein who brought to light the concept of electron displacement from selected surfaces of metallic substances. When a beam of light is passed to a surface essentially valence electrons are displaced as we have seen earlier in previous lectures. In the previous lectures we have also seen that electrons in the outer layers of a nucleus of a selected metallic substance which are called valence electrons can easily be displaced. Those valence electrons carry less, binding energies versus the other preceding electrons progressively lying closer to the nucleus who are progressively more strongly bounded to the nucleus in a linear relationship.That is directly proportional to the nucleus which means the closer the electrons are to the nucleus the more energy they carry. In other words, the closer they are to the nucleus, the more working energy they have. Hence electrons closer to the nucleus are harder to remove than they outer lying valence electrons.The phenomenon of the photoelectric effect is simply light rays whose energy are greater than the binding energy inherent to the valence electron(s) are displaced. Therefore, those displaced electrons are the freed electrons now driven to the conduction band to allow for them to flow resulting in the flow of electricity that is literally flow of electrons in one way and the flow of current in the reverse direction.

Applications of photoelectric effect in technologyThe dislodged electron called the photo electron acquires its energy from its frequency from this field of study. It is not the intensity of the light as one may anticipate. For instance, you can increase the intensity of light and expect to energise the level of energy of the photo electron which does not work. Only an increase in the frequency than intensity will intensify the content energy of the irradiated photo electron from an energy packet called the photon that hit the metallic surface in the form of a wave-particle duality.The applications are such as the exact tracing and detection of electron emissions of surfaces effecting photoelectric emission.Such examples will be the beta energy waves seen in medical devices to scanning patients of, for instance, babies in the pregnant mothers. Other areas will be in vascular tissues such as arteries for correct fluid dynamics as well as scanning of delicate and subtle organs such as brains and eyeballs.Also, a huge application is in the electronic devices whereby every electron can be accounted for such as Geiger Muller Counter for detection of radiations as alpha, beta and gamma particles. A crucial determination can be made of such as the critical points for a cut off point for a saturation or an allowable electron quantum for an amplification of a transistor. Furthermore, an electron is determined for a transistor to act as a switch for a message relay from one electronic device such as an emitter and collector currents from a biased base current say like 0.6 amperes to run a load such as a loudspeaker or a light (lamp) for message delivery in electronics.Other applications are seen in photocells. The photocells have two ends called electrodes. One end is the anode and the other is the cathode. When light is incident on the cathode it emits electrons which are attracted by the anode. This will switch on a separate switch so it can thus act as a relay. That relay could be a doorbell or a security light system.There are also other applications like the famous solar cells. It is a specially prepared solar cells made of the element silicon. Silicon with a four-valence electron makes a good option to induce electrons in photoelectric emission as the energy packet of the photon. The fourvalence electrons flow as current as they get excited and freed from their joules of the working energy. This has been a profound scientific leap taken from modern physics resulting from the whole concept of the wave-particle duality of the quantum mechanics.

Arriving technology with photoelectric effectThere is currently an exciting finding in the area of the photoelectric effect in quantum mechanics and particularly quantum mechanical interference. This is a quote from David Busto, a doctoral student of Atomic Physics at Lund University (LTH) in Sweden: Now that we understand there is an asymmetry in the free electrons movement, we can gain a better understanding of the quantum dynamics in photo-ionisation.Busto further said, When we change the direction of the electron wave, we are using quantum mechanical interference. That is, the electron takes several paths towards its changed waveform. In classical physics, the electron can only go one way.The potential inherent here is that behaviour of electrons can be manipulated in atoms and molecules given their asymmetrical natures of the movement pattern. That displayed a controversial view to the classical physics that hosted the thought that the movement of the electrons has been standard and a routine trajectory. Molecules and atoms can be subjected to be controlled to suit ones need for any application at all.Such can open up new applications in nanotechnologies and nanocomputing when the current silicon wafer technology is nearing its 10 atomic diameter mark of a 100 micro-meter. Aggravating the current technology and a sigh of relief is the excessive build-up of heat that limits the power of computational expansion.In addendum, there is a mammoth need for reliability, customisation and robustness of the zettabyte in a trillion gigabytes of information circumventing and clogging the planet earth as I am speaking.My prayer for PNG is in this hymn (as singing is praying twice): Trust in the Lord and you shall not tire, bless Him the Lord, you shall not weaken, for the Lords own strength will uphold you. You shall renew, your life and live

Michael John Uglo is a lecturer in in Avionics, Auto-Piloting and Aircraft Engineering. Please send your comments to: michaeluglo4@gmail.com

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Routt Recognized for Diversity in Computer Science – WLDS-WEAI News

Routt Catholic High School has earned a national award for diversity in the classroom.

Routt Catholic High School has earned the College Board AP Computer Science Female Diversity Award for achieving high female representation in AP Computer Science Principles.

Anna Terwische, a Junior at Routt, says the computer logic learned in the class applies to many other things not just related to computer programming.

Weve learned different types of coding like Python and HTML. You can create websites and make them do different things. Weve also started to use 3D printing, and we are working on printing a prosthetic hand for a guy from Missouri, so thats been cool. Weve been sending it back and forth making new versions of it to see what works best for him.

Colleen Doyle Development and Enrollment Director says the class is only offered every other year at Routt. She says its a great review of what the world of computer science can look like.

They learn a lot about programming languages. They learn about building websites, being safe on the internet, learning about different carers you can have.

As a female who works here myself Im just excited for these young women here at the school that can benefit from Mr. Link, Mr. Roscetti, and Mrs. Ptacek who have worked so hard to provide these opportunities for our young women.

Senior Abigail Beddingfield says she proud that Routt was recognized with the award.

Honestly to me it feels good because is it specifically just about female participation. To me, it just feels really really good.

College Board research about AP CSP is so encouraging. According to the data, female students who take AP CSP in high school are more than 5 times as likely to major in computer science in college, compared to similar female students who did not take CSP.

The study also finds AP CSP students are nearly twice as likely to enroll in AP CSA, and that for most students, AP CSP serves as a stepping-stone to other advanced AP STEM coursework.

Schools honored with the award have expanded girls access to AP Computer Science courses. Routt was one of 831 schools recognized in the category of AP Computer Science Principles.

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Computer science class is paving the way for women in Walton County – WMBB – mypanhandle.com

SOUTH WALTON, Fla. (WMBB) Two Walton High Schools are helping create a path for more women in science.

South Walton and Walton High School have seen an increase in womens participation in computer science courses.

The College Boards Female Diversity Award is helping to pave the way for women going into computer science.

It is to advance female diversity in the computer workplace, said South Waltons Magnet Innovation Teacher Richard Komando. So with that, I think its important that we are enabling females in the computer classes and encouraging them every step of the way.

Komando is one of the Magnet Innovation teachers. He said he has seen more women join his AP Computer Science Principles course just within the past year.

The biggest thing about this class is that it teaches girls how a computer thinks, said Komando.

He said his computer principles class empowers women to see opportunities past just high school. And that is the case for both students, Katelyna and Catherine, at South Walton High School.

I am planning on taking mechanical engineering after high school, so it definitely helped me study computers and different programming systems work behind the whole engineering scene, said Catherine Field. We started off with scratch and block coding and now we are actually writing the functions, said Katelyna.

Fields was actually in the class which received the college board female diversity award. South Walton and Walton High schools are two out of 1,119 schools receiving this award.

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Examining the world through signals and systems – MIT News

Theres a mesmerizing video animation on YouTube of simulated, self-driving traffic streaming through a six-lane, four-way intersection. Dozens of cars flow through the streets, pausing, turning, slowing, and speeding up to avoid colliding with their neighbors. And not a single car stopping. But what if even one of those vehicles was not autonomous? What if only one was?

In the coming decades, autonomous vehicles will play a growing role in society, whether keeping drivers safer, making deliveries, or increasing accessibility and mobility for elderly or disabled passengers.

But MIT Assistant Professor Cathy Wu argues that autonomous vehicles are just part of a complex transport system that may involve individual self-driving cars, delivery fleets, human drivers, and a range of last-mile solutions to get passengers to their doorstep not to mention road infrastructure like highways, roundabouts, and, yes, intersections.

Transport today accounts for about one-third of U.S. energy consumption. The decisions we make today about autonomous vehicles could have a big impact on this number ranging from a 40 percent decrease in energy use to a doubling of energy consumption.

So how can we better understand the problem of integrating autonomous vehicles into the transportation system? Equally important, how can we use this understanding to guide us toward better-functioning systems?

Wu, who joined the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS) and MIT in 2019, is the Gilbert W. Winslow Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering as well as a core faculty member of the MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society. Growing up in a Philadelphia-area family of electrical engineers, Wu sought a field that would enable her to harness engineering skills to solve societal challenges.

During her years as an undergraduate at MIT, she reached out to Professor Seth Teller of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to discuss her interest in self-driving cars.

Teller, who passed away in 2014, met her questions with warm advice, says Wu. He told me, If you have an idea of what your passion in life is, then you have to go after it as hard as you possibly can. Only then can you hope to find your true passion.

Anyone can tell you to go after your dreams, but his insight was that dreams and ambitions are not always clear from the start. It takes hard work to find and pursue your passion.

Chasing that passion, Wu would go on to work with Teller, as well as in Professor Daniela Russ Distributed Robotics Laboratory, and finally as a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley, where she won the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society's best PhD award in 2019.

In graduate school, Wu had an epiphany: She realized that for autonomous vehicles to fulfill their promise of fewer accidents, time saved, lower emissions, and greater socioeconomic and physical accessibility, these goals must be explicitly designed-for, whether as physical infrastructure, algorithms used by vehicles and sensors, or deliberate policy decisions.

At LIDS, Wu uses a type of machine learning called reinforcement learning to study how traffic systems behave, and how autonomous vehicles in those systems ought to behave to get the best possible outcomes.

Reinforcement learning, which was most famously used by AlphaGo, DeepMinds human-beating Go program, is a powerful class of methods that capture the idea behind trial-and-error given an objective, a learning agent repeatedly attempts to achieve the objective, failing and learning from its mistakes in the process.

In a traffic system, the objectives might be to maximize the overall average velocity of vehicles, to minimize travel time, to minimize energy consumption, and so on.

When studying common components of traffic networks such as grid roads, bottlenecks, and on- and off-ramps, Wu and her colleagues have found that reinforcement learning can match, and in some cases exceed, the performance of current traffic control strategies. And more importantly, reinforcement learning can shed new light toward understanding complex networked systems which have long evaded classical control techniques. For instance, if just 5 to 10 percent of vehicles on the road were autonomous and used reinforcement learning, that could eliminate congestion and boost vehicle speeds by 30 to 140 percent. And the learning from one scenario often translates well to others. These insights could one day soon help to inform public policy or business decisions.

In the course of this research, Wu and her colleagues helped improve a class of reinforcement learning methods called policy gradient methods. Their advancements turned out to be a general improvement to most existing deep reinforcement learning methods.

But reinforcement learning techniques will need to be continually improved to keep up with the scale and shifts in infrastructure and changing behavior patterns. And research findings will need to be translated into action by urban planners, auto makers and other organizations.

Today, Wu is collaborating with public agencies in Taiwan and Indonesia to use insights from her work to guide better dialogues and decisions. By changing traffic signals or using nudges to shift drivers behavior, are there other ways to achieve lower emissions or smoother traffic?

Im surprised by this work every day, says Wu. We set out to answer a question about self-driving cars, and it turns out you can pull apart the insights, apply them in other ways, and then this leads to new exciting questions to answer.

Wu is happy to have found her intellectual home at LIDS. Her experience of it is as a very deep, intellectual, friendly, and welcoming place. And she counts among her research inspirations MIT course 6.003 (Signals and Systems) a class she encourages everyone to take taught in the tradition of professors Alan Oppenheim (Research Laboratory of Electronics) and Alan Willsky (LIDS). The course taught me that so much in this world could be fruitfully examined through the lens of signals and systems, be it electronics or institutions or society, she says. I am just realizing as Im saying this, that I've been empowered by LIDS thinking all along!

Research and teaching through a pandemic havent been easy, but Wu is making the best of a challenging first year as faculty. (Ive been working from home in Cambridge my short walking commute is irrelevant at this point, she says wryly.) To unwind, she enjoys running, listening to podcasts covering topics ranging from science to history, and reverse-engineering her favorite Trader Joes frozen foods.

Shes also been working on two Covid-related projects born at MIT: One explores how data from the environment, such as data collected by internet-of-things-connected thermometers, can help identify emerging community outbreaks. Another project asks if its possible to ascertain how contagious the virus is on public transport, and how different factors might decrease the transmission risk.

Both are in their early stages, Wu says. We hope to contribute a bit to the pool of knowledge that can help decision-makers somewhere. Its been very enlightening and rewarding to do this and see all the other efforts going on around MIT.

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She was named one of the 100 most brilliant women in AI ethics – News@Northeastern

Computer science professor Tina Eliassi-Rad says shes proud to be named on an industry list of 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics, which identifies her as one of the top thinkers in the male-dominated field of artificial intelligence. But shes even prouder of what the carefully-curated list represents.

Part of the issue in a field such as computer science is that women and other under-represented minorities arent always seen. Initiatives like this one show that there are a lot of women who are qualified to do this work, says Eliassi-Rad.

Mia Shah-Dand, the CEO of the Oakland, California-based research firm Lighthouse3, created the annual list in 2018. Shah-Dand says she wanted to provide a rebuttal to technology leaders who complained that they couldnt find accomplished, diverse women to hire.

I was a little frustrated with all the times I would hear, There just arent enough qualified women, says Shah-Dand. Its the same old excuse. Well, we have an entire directory of qualified women now. There is no excuse. At this point in 2021, if you have only men on your staff, its intentional.

According to recent research by the World Economic Forum, women hold only 26% of data and artificial intelligence jobs across the globe, and even fewer have senior roles.

Shah-Dand says she included Eliassi-Rad on her 2021 list because of the professors extensive research on racial, gender and other baked-in biases in artificial intelligence algorithms.

Her emphasis on algorithmic accountability and fairness was particularly interesting, says Shah-Dand.

Algorithms, which scan large amounts of data and find whatever information its creators want, are increasingly part of our everyday lives. For example, credit card fraud departments use algorithms to detect abnormal spending, while social media algorithms use viewer interests to determine which ads to run.

Eliassi-Rads research at Northeastern focuses on the unseen but overwhelming influence that artificial intelligence algorithms can make in peoples lives, especially in social media.

Part of the problem with algorithms is that they can impact life-altering decisions if theyre used in criminal justice or even your credit score, says Eliassi-Rad. Microlenders, or individuals who issue small loans, will often check a candidates Facebook and Twitter feeds when deciding whether to grant a loan. A chance connection with someone who has defaulted on a loan could trigger a denial, says Eliassi-Rad.

Sometimes if you dont get the right loan in life, you cant better yourself, she says.

Eliassi-Rads career in computer science was sparked by her fathers early work with autonomous vehicles. She avidly read the many magazines he brought home and decided computer science was the perfect balance between math and electrical engineering. Her focus recently sharpened as she learned about the different class, race, and gender biases in machine learning.

She likens the data used in algorithms to an iconic photo of a police officers German shepherd attacking a Black high school student during a 1963 civil rights event in Birmingham, Alabama.

The German shepherd isnt racist, its the people teaching the dog, Eliassi-Rad says. Even if the data used in an algorithm isnt biased, the algorithm may still produce biased findings.

As you are developing an algorithm you are making choices, and those choices have consequences, Eliassi-Rad says.

Eliassi-Rad and Shah-Dand say the list of top women in AI ethics does more than provide a roster of qualified computer science professionals who also happen to be female, LGTBQ, or women of color. It creates a community to foster networking and support while providing role models for future generations.

Its sort of like a sisterhood, says Eliassi-Rad, who received an Outstanding Mentor Award from the Office of Science at the US Department of Energy in 2010. I hope young women see this and think, I can be somebody like this person.

For media inquiries, please contact media@northeastern.edu.

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New Queens scholarship opportunities will explore impact of AI on science and society – Newswise

Newswise Thirty funded postdoctoral scholarships announced by Queens University Belfast are set to provide a unique opportunity to explore the challenges of Artificial intelligence (AI) for every area of science and society.

The researchers who secure places on the programme will work at the cutting edge of AI algorithms while considering the societal implications of allowing machines to make decisions about our futures.

Queenshas been awarded aLeverhulme Doctoral Scholarship grant of 1.35m over six years for the Leverhulme Interdisciplinary Network on Algorithmic Solutions (LINAS) Doctoral Training Programme (DTP) to fund 15 doctoral scholarships and has matched the funding to sponsor another 15 positions over the next three years.

The interdisciplinary research programme will be supervised by academic experts from theFaculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences. The programme will be led by Professor John Morison from the School of Law, along with Dr Sandra Scott-Hayward from the School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Professor Stephen Smartt from theSchool of Maths and Physics at Queens.

AI technologies have made rapid advances in the last decade, opening up huge possibilities for all parts of society but there are increasing fears that humans will begin to lose control of the process where machines interpret the world on our behalf.

Professor John Morisonexplained: As AI becomes more sophisticated, we will witness algorithms and machines making use of huge datasets, including personal data, in decisions relating to medicine, healthcare, law and government, finance, city planning and even within military areas. The ethical, legal, political and sociological aspects of living with machines that have AI algorithms that are allowed to operate independently requires careful investigation.

Previous interdisciplinary programmes at Queens have given us different perspectives on these issues and the new researchers we recruit will be building on this in an exciting cutting-edge project. The LINAS project will identify and address scientific and engineering questions through the lens of law, humanities and the social sciences. Researchers will scrutinise the implications of algorithmic solutions on crucial aspects of human life.

Researchers from the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences and the Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT) will engage directly with humanities, social science and law researchers from theSenator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice to support the doctoral scholars.

Professor Stephen Smarttsaid: As well as adhering to traditional scientific governance, scientists and engineers working in the field of AI face many challenges around the introduction of trust and governance of data issues. Tackling these challenges in isolation could lead to effective discipline specific solutions but no advance in sustainable, societal algorithmic solutions.

Dr Sandra Scott-Haywardexplained: By collaborating with colleagues in humanities, social science and law, we can support the development of integrated, effective, scientifically rigorous and socially responsible algorithmic solutions. We have seen the benefits of this interdisciplinary approach applied to the field of cyber security and we are excited to further this for the challenges of AI with LINAS.

LINAS will also complement the Belfast Region City Deal and link with the Queens University Global Innovation Institute to address a range of issues around AI, in the context of secure connected intelligence.

Applications for the doctoral scholarships open on Friday 5 February 2021.

For more information on the application criteria and to apply, please visit: https://www.qub.ac.uk/Research/GRI/mitchell-institute/Study/linas/

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Terry McAuliffe Announces Plan to Make Virginia the Best State in the Nation for STEM-H & Computer Science Education – Blue Virginia

MCLEAN, VA Terry McAuliffe today released his bold plan to make Virginia the best state in the nation for Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Healthcare (STEM-H), and computer science and computation thinking (CS & CT) education. By tackling the digital equity gap, integrating STEM-H and computer science literacy across all subjects and K-12 grade levels, and engaging the private sector to make opportunities available to students from all backgrounds and corners of the Commonwealth, TerrysPath to A Brighter Futureplanseeks to level the playing field and give every Virginia child the chance to get a good paying job in these critical growing sectors.Virginia is one of the top five states in the nation forSTEM jobs, however research shows that only nine percent of young women age 13-17 are interested in STEM careers and only sixteen percent of STEM workers are Black or Hispanic. As Virginias next Governor, Terry will take direct aim at these inequities by funding supplemental STEM-H and computer science programs in underserved communities, working with local school divisions to connect students with the technologies they need to succeed, and strengthening professional development and skills training for educators to better engage and support students in these critical areas.

STEM-H and computer science industries are in dire need of highly-skilled workers to fill increasingly technical jobs. As Governor, Terry will work with the private sector to create opportunities for Virginia students from all backgrounds and regions of the Commonwealth to access these high-paying careers. Through a comprehensive STEM-H, CS & CT Workforce Development Plan, Terrys administration will partner with K-12 leaders, institutions of higher education, and private sector partners to develop regional Technology Innovation Labs, offer career-oriented regional workshops, and create internships and apprenticeships to foster both in-person and virtual learning and experience.

Im excited to see Terrys new STEM-H education plan is rooted in tackling the lack of diversity in many STEM-H fields and focuses on increasing access for those who have been systematically left out. For far too long, there have been equity and access gaps that have prevented young women and students of color from entering STEM-H and computer science careers, saidHouse Education Committee Chair Roslyn Tyler (Brunswick, Greensville, Lunenburg, Southampton, Sussex, Emporia, and Franklin). As we recover from this pandemic, we have the opportunity to close economic disparities but only if we give Virginians the educational tools to succeed. Terrys bold plan will expand diversity in the STEM-H fields, close economic disparities, and ultimately end the workforce and teacher shortage Virginia is facing.

This COVID crisis has only worsened the inequities Virginia already faced in education and equipping the next generation to succeed. Now is the time to go big and be bold to ensure that every Virginia child has the education and opportunities they need to access good paying jobs in these fast-growing industries. saidTerry McAuliffe. By integrating STEM-H and computer science education across curricula, partnering with the private sector to create valuable learning opportunities, and addressing the inequities that keep young women and people of color out of these fields, we can level the playing field and give students from all backgrounds and corners of the Commonwealth the chance to succeed.

As Virginias 72nd governor, Terry made big strides in fostering education and training in these fast-growing, highly-technical fields. He signed the first law in the U.S. mandating computer science education for all K-12 students, created grant programs for cybersecurity camps for students and cyber boot camps for teachers, and led the nation in participation in the NSA Day of Cyber school challenge in 2016, where nearly 7,000 students gained firsthand experience in cyber careers, skills and tools. Terry also set an aggressive goal to graduate more than 50,000 Virginians each year from training programs in STEM-H fields a goal that Virginia exceeded. His new plan builds on these efforts and seeks to ensure that every Virginia student will be STEM-H, CS & CT literate upon graduation.

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Department name change signals broad impact on computer and information technologies – Princeton University

In a change highlighting Princeton's broad investment in computer and information technologies, the former Department of Electrical Engineering has become the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). The new name won unanimous support at the Feb. 1 monthly meeting of the University Faculty.

Leaders from across disciplines agreed that the change better captures the department's range of strengths and impact.

"Acknowledging computer engineeringin our name makes our core work more visible to the department's constituents, including prospective students, faculty members and industry partners," said department chair Sharad Malik, the George Van Ness Lothrop Professor in Engineering. "In many respects, this formal change reflects what's long been true in our classrooms and in our labs."

Roughly half of the department's research efforts and seven of its 10 undergraduate sub-concentrations investigate aspects of computing and information systems.

Malik said the department takes a "full-stack" view of computing that connects an array of academic pursuits all geared toward technology in the service of humanity. An applied science approach to materials and devices enables the advanced processors and sensors in smart systems. An applied math-driven analysis of data and information guides how machines make decisions and inferences. And the engineering of the computing systems that integrate it all creates systems that address societys most pressing challenges.

Professor Naveen Verma, for example, designs in-memory-computing chips with specialized devices and machine learning algorithms to build low-power, intelligent computing platforms. Associate Professor Prateek Mittal draws on a range of techniques from data and information science to secure communication networks. And a cluster of faculty members, including Professor Andrew Houck and Assistant Professor Nathalie de Leon, have taken lead roles in a major national initiative on quantum science and engineering, with an emphasis on devices and networks that will power new classes of future computing applications.

"The discipline of electrical engineering is exceptionally broadand has always been the nexus of innovation in new generations of computer and information technologies, said Andrea Goldsmith, dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Arthur Legrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering. Goldsmith said the name change will convey that breadth more clearly to graduate and undergraduate students. It will convey to potential employers the fact that graduates from the department have deep knowledge of computer engineering.It will also allow us to compete more effectively for top students by articulating more effectively the breadth of research and education in the department.

Historically, the growth of information science that led to modern computing applications arose from within electrical engineering. Princetons electrical engineering department was founded in 1889, one of the first in the country. In the second half of the 20th century, as the theoretical underpinnings of computer science developed in parallel to advances in materials, hardware and architectures, the department expanded to become the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Computer science has since grown into its own large and robust field, forming a separate department in 1985. But the boundary between the two disciplines has always been porous, according to Jennifer Rexford, the Gordon Y. S. Wu Professor in Engineering and chair of computer science. Rexford pointed to areas of data science, machine learning and wireless communication where electrical engineers have played key roles in the mathematical foundations of modern applications.

"Computing also increasingly connects to the physical world through sensors, medical devices and so on," said Rexford, who received her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering at Princeton. "This welcome change signals the critical importance of computing across engineering and the entire campus."

Over the past decade, Princeton engineering has invested heavily in those cross-disciplinary connections. The Metropolis Project integrates engineering advances in sensing, data processing and device networking with architecture, social science and the humanities to make 21st century cities more sustainable, equitable and livable for their residents.

The engineering school's focus on Robotics and Cyberphysical Systems has led to the development of a new robotics lab that will bring together researchers from at least three departments to work on real-world problems in sectors such as transportation, energy and environment, and urban planning.

And researchers in the newly announced Princeton Bioengineering Initiative will include ECE faculty who work on bio-imaging and machine learning applications to improve health and treat disease.

"Ultimately, this shift lets Princeton cast a larger external shadow in computing," Malik said. "It expands opportunities for our students entering the workforce and makes a statement to our external partners about Princetons strengths in transformative technological innovation."

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Two UWF teams place in top 5 in national artificial intelligence competition – University of West Florida Newsroom – UWF Newsroom

Hosted by the Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific and the Naval Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Coordination Office, 32 teams from public and private institutions across the country participated in the competition. Various research institutions including those from the Ivy League, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Hispanic Serving Institutes competed in the $200,000-prize challenge.

UWF graduate computer science students Tobias Jacob, Raffaele Galliera and Muddasar Ali placed third, winning $35,000 for the UWF Department of Computer Science. The students participated in the competition as members of UWFs AI and Data Analytics (AIDA) Research Group. Dr. Thomas Reichherzer, chair of computer science, served as the sponsor and Dr. Sikha Bagui, professor in computer science, served as the faculty advisor for the AIDA Research Group. UWF computer science major Zach Mueller, a machine learning intern at Novetta Solutions LLC mentored the students.

When we found out we finished third we couldnt believe it, said Galliera, who, like Ali, is pursuing dual masters degrees from UWF and Ferrara University in Italy. That whole morning, we talked about the things we went through during the challenge. We were so happy and so proud of what we accomplished.

The second UWF team, ArgoTracks, finished fifth and secured $20,000 for the Department of Intelligent Systems & Robotics. The team consisted of Bhavyansh Mishra, a doctoral student in intelligent systems & robotics, and mechanical engineering majors Brendon Ortolano and Luke Fina. Dr. Hakki Erhan Sevil, intelligent systems & robotics assistant professor, served as their sponsor and faculty advisor. The students are members of the Sevil Research Group at UWF. UWF alumnus Carson Wilber, a research associate at Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, mentored the students.

ArgoTracks formed its team a month after the challenge started. Mishra learned about the challenge from Wilber and then contacted Sevil who assisted him in finding teammates. The students put in long hours to catch up and submitted their entry just a few hours before the deadline.

Computer vision is my bread and butter, so I just hopped onto it as soon as Carson told me, Mishra said. Considering the fact we only had one month compared to most teams that had two months, we felt good about where we placed.

Each team was tasked with developing a computer vision system capable of plotting the tracks of shipping traffic exclusively using the passive sensing capability of a single onboard camera. Current traffic avoidance software relies on an automatic identification system and radar for tracking other craft and avoiding collisions. In a contested environment, emitting radar energy presents a vulnerability to detection by adversaries.

Organizers provided each team a dataset consisting of recorded camera imagery of vessel traffic along with the recorded GPS track of a vessel of interest that was seen in the imagery. Submitted solutions were evaluated against additional camera data correlated to recorded vessel tracks. The same vessel and the same instrumentation were used in both the competition dataset and the judging dataset. Judging criteria was based on track accuracy and overall processing time.

The two UWF teams were among only five that submitted solutions that worked. Ten of the teams submitted solutions that only partially worked or failed to work, and the remaining teams failed to submit solutions.

It was really difficult because the data they gave us wasnt preprocessed, the camera wasnt calibrated and we didnt have a lot of data, said Jacob, who is pursuing a masters degree at UWF after earning his bachelors degree from RWTH Aachen University in Germany. We had many moments where we thought, OK, this isnt going to work, and then we always found a way to make it work.

For more information on the AI Tracks at Sea Challenge, visit challenge.gov/challenge/AI-tracks-at-sea/. For more information on UWFs Department of Computer Science, visit uwf.edu/computerscience. For more information on UWFs Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, visit uwf.edu/isr.

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WNMU Board of Regents Virtually Sits Down With Legislators, Governor – WNMU News

As per tradition during the first meeting of the calendar year, the Western New Mexico University Board of Regents spent time communicating with state legislators, including Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, during their Thursday assembly over Zoom. They also agreed on the university presidents performance goals, voted to extend regent Janice Baca Argabrights term as the board Secretary/Treasurer until a new board is constituted, and approved the Fiscal Year 2019-2020 Audit Report and the Fiscal Year 2021 Quarter 2 Financial Certification.

When you are at the legislative session, its really a place for someone like me to listennot talkand understand what your priorities are, Gov. Lujan Grisham said. New Mexico was successful in quashing the virus, largely thanks to higher education. You led in terms of figuring out ways to serve your students and faculty.

The governor praised WNMU President Dr. Joseph Shepard for compelling the states colleges and universities into collective action. Higher education came to the table early making sure their outcomes would be higher and helped us figure out a whole new education design. That was Joe Shepard. That was very powerful and that did not happen across the country. You all are something really special, she said.

Regent Chair Jerry Walz, who is completing his service after a dozen years on the board, said, We have not just been sitting around waiting for COVID-19 to pass. Weve been focused on our recruiting efforts and continue to compete for students not only on the local levels but on an international scale.

Echoing the chairs sentiments, Vice Chair of the board Dr. Mary Hotvedt said, Western New Mexico University has been using this time to think outside the box about how to make our university even greater as we emerge from this pandemic.

Acting Cabinet Secretary of the New Mexico Higher Education Department Stephanie Rodriguez briefed the board on legislation intended to support students in obtaining degrees and certificates through initiatives like the Opportunity Scholarship, also encouraging leadership to apply for available funding, particularly in the realm of early childhood education a field which she said WNMU has a premier focus on.

District 28 Senator Siah Correa Hemphill discussed her familys legacy of attending WNMU and expressed gratitude for the institutions compassion when she needed to take a break from her masters program.

District 39 Representative Luis M. Terrazas said, Im thankful I can reach out to Dr. Shepard when I have a question.

Legislative Finance Committee Director David Abbey noted themes emerging from the meetings conversation: family, business and political relationships. Its been a tough budget time in the past year procedurally and politically and financially. We presented a recommended budget with a cost of living adjustment of 1.5%. I dont need to tell the university about the consequences of falling behind in compensation in terms of retention and recruitment, he said.

What were seeing in the legislative session this year is a more supportive tone for higher education, said Kathy Ulibarri of New Mexico Independent Community Colleges.

Executive Director of the New Mexico Council of University Presidents Marc. H. Saavedra told the board that, with the leadership of Dr. Shepard, the group has developed a unified approach in their work with the legislature. He discussed the two budget recommendations on the table: the executive recommendation and Legislative Finance Committee recommendation, the latter of which he said looks more favorable for higher education. President Shepard has done an amazing job of advocating for higher education all around. He has been diligent and used great diplomacy in terms of how hes expressed where were at, Saavedra said.

Progressing to their agenda items, the regents addressed the proposed performance goals for Dr. Shepard, who explained, Its the board saying to the president, This is what we want you to accomplish, and well be evaluating you on this instrument.

The item was approved unanimously.

WNMU Vice President of Academic Affairs and Provost Dr. Jack Crocker presented two faculty members for sabbatical, recommending sculpture professor Michael Metcalf and math and computer science professor Dr. Nancy Livingston.

Metcalfs proposal outlined his intentions to design and fabricate a strategically placed entry sculpture on campus. During a 2006-07 sabbatical/leave-of-absence, he created two 30-foot tall sculptures for the City of Albuquerque, and over the last 15 years, he has designed and fabricated five large scale, publicly and privately commissioned sculptures. In this one-semester sabbatical, Metcalf plans to create a 30-foot outdoor site-specific sculpture for WNMU. I care passionately about WNMU and want to create a work that captures the WNMU experience. I will collaborate with students and faculty to gain student quotes about their WNMU experience and the ALAS program. Theses student quotes will be incorporated into the pillars that define the sculpture and suspend the earth form boulder in a tenuous way. The form implies the complexities of our current civilization and our students (spire forms) are the ones to carry the future burdens, he wrote. I plan to use durable materials such as stainless steel, bronze, and granite to create a lasting work that will serve the university and stimulate students for the next 100 years.

During her requested sabbatical leave, Dr. Livingston wishes to accomplish three interdisciplinary objectives: WNMU Cliff Swallow Research, Java Programming Study, and Data Science with Python Study.

She began a cross-disciplinary study of the Southwestern Cliff Swallow in late 2019 and, with university support, installed data logging sensors at nesting locations across campus. These sensors collected daily nesting location temperature, humidity and light values for the entire 2020 nesting season. Dr. Livingston and students supported through New Mexico AMP funding documented the birds with photographs and video footage. Along with studies completed by other university employees and students plus data collected by the Silver City Audubon Society, there is multivariate data to organize, synthesize and analyze, which Dr. Livingston plans to do using opensource statistical programming environment R and RStudio. Though I was attempting to complete this project in my free time, as it was a completely voluntary effort on my part, I have discovered that it is impossible for me to complete during my working semesters. These annual visitors are part of the universitys history, culture and future, and are thus important to document, she said.

In anticipation of the retirement of both WNMU computer science professors, Dr. Livingston aims to become qualified in teaching the Java programming courses. Also seeing the increasing importance of handling large data sets and gleaning correct information from the data and the related job opportunities for graduates skilled in this area, Dr. Livingston is going to be working toward establishing a new masters program in data science.

Discussing the results of the Fiscal Year 2019-2020 Audit was auditor Chris Garner from Patillo, Brown and Hill. First describing the firms responsibility under U.S. and Government auditing standards, he said, We give whats called reasonable assurance. We state the financial statements are fairly presented without our standards. We have to communicate significant matters that come to our attention. If we come across anything, were required to report that as a finding. We issued an unmodified opinion. This is the highest level of assurance that we can give, he said.

Garners presentation showed that the university financial records are being maintained in good order. Our overall opinion was an unmodifiedor cleanfinding, he said.

WNMU Faculty Senate President Dr. Sue McFeaters said that the faculty body is working with Dr. Shepard and Dr. Crocker to strategize from an academic standpoint how faculty can be part of increasing enrollment.

In his report to the board, WNMU Staff Senate President Michael Acosta said, The pandemic has allowed us to identify certain weaknesses and allowed us to increase improvements. Some of those things are how we interact between faculty and staff.

Associated Students of WNMU President described how students are working to maximize their student fees and stay as engaged as possible while most of their education is online. Weve been creating a safe campus by promoting the protocols and guidelines we need to follow, she said, noting that many students remaining on campus are athletes, who also follow rigorous screening and testing regimens.

Dr. Shepard advised the board that fewer students are enrolled at WNMU this spring, amounting to a 7% drop. The silver lining is theyre taking more classes. Were only down about 1% in credit hours, he said.

Announcing a goal to increase enrollment to 4,000 students by fall of 2022, Dr. Shepard said, I will be looking for ways to incentivize and reach that goal. If we all pitch in and help, that would lift us up substantially, he said. We think this is actually a promising time, because well have some one-time money to invest over the next two years.

The university president concluded his report saying, Were off to a great start this semester, as difficult as its been.

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WNMU Board of Regents Virtually Sits Down With Legislators, Governor - WNMU News

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