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Cryptocurrency Coming To Nascar In A Big Way Thanks To Driver Landon Cassill – Forbes

LEBANON, TENNESSEE - JUNE 18: Landon Cassill, driver of the #4 Voyager Chevrolet, drives during ... [+] practice for the NASCAR Xfinity Series Tennessee Lottery 250 at Nashville Superspeedway on June 18, 2021 in Lebanon, Tennessee. (Photo by Logan Riely/Getty Images)

Many times when a NASCAR driver isnt actually racing, they can be found outdoors somewhere; hunting, fishing, racing in another series, working on a farm perhaps.

NASCAR driver Landon Cassill is a little different.

When hes not racing on an actual track the 31-year-old Iowan can be found racing online amongst whomever decides to join him, most often streaming himself on Twitch an online platform that allows others to watch.

The point is that Cassill is part of a generation of younger people who live much of their lives on the information superhighway, aka the Internet. It should come as no surprise then that Cassill knows a lot about cryptocurrency, the once mysterious form of money that to many of us remains nothing more than magic money.Cryptocurrency is made up of a bunch of numbers that lives in digital wallets on blocks in a blockchain on a node and can be mined.

And Cassill knows all about it.

Hes been dabbling in cryptocurrency for quite some time and has even mined it. Recently though, hes started to do something else with cryptocurrency. You see, Landon Cassill is the first NASCAR driver to get a cryptocurrency platform to sponsor the car he races in NASCARs Xfinity series for JD Motorsports using cryptocurrency to pay for the sponsorship. And thats a pretty big deal.

I've, I've traded it. I bought it, I've held it, I've mined it, Cassill said. But a couple of years ago, I really decided that in addition to it being a part of my personal portfolio I wanted to build a network in the space.

Landon Cassill has been trading in the cryptocurrency market for years. (Photo by Brian ... [+] Lawdermilk/Getty Images)

As a race car driver. I make my living by having sponsors and representing brands that I'm aligned with.

The sponsorship is with Voyager Digital which operates a crypto-asset trading platform. Cassill met CEO Steve Ehrlich a couple years ago at a crypto conference and the two became friends. It was this friendship that led to the partnership.

It just seems like the space has gotten bigger and bigger and more and more active, Cassill said. And it's matured to a point where companies are ready for something like a mainstream sponsorship of a sports team or a race.

The timing is perfect for it.

With no centralized banks that hold onto cryptocurrency, its been the Wild West in the crypto space in years past. But that space is starting to be tamed. Voyager is one of the newer platforms, basically a brokerage firm, that allows users to build a portfolio of different forms of cryptocurrency. Its opening the once mysterious world to more and more people, including those who might not be too comfortable trading magic money.

It's easy for someone that doesn't know much to understand it, Cassill said. For me to tell my parents or you know, my grandmother, who last time Bitcoin was at $60,000 called me and asked me, how did my Bitcoin do? It takes me two seconds to copy and paste an invite link to Voyager and she's on the platform in a second.

And that platform brings something that Cassill has been doing on the internet full circle, as in the circle that is a racetrack.

To me that's a perfect alignment for something I'm invested in already but also compliments my career as a race car driver.

One thing that cryptocurrency market is known for however is volatility, the value can swing wildly. Thats something that Cassill says isnt an issue with Voyager and similar platforms.

Yes, its an active market, Cassill said. But he adds: Just like if you're holding a stock or anything else crypto, Bitcoin, light coin, Ethereum, they're all going up and down.

One thing that's really awesome about Voyager is you earn interest on your holdings, he said. And not just like a little bit of interest, like holding cash in the bank. I think that for Bitcoin, you earn like six and a quarter percent interest. And if you hold their native token, Voyager token, a certain amount, they'll give you a 1% bonus. You can earn between six and 9% interest, 10% interest, actually, I think on some tokens just by holding it in your account. That's pretty awesome.

I mean for a crypto guy; I hold my personal portfolio. A lot of people hold off exchanges. So for those of you that are willing to hold on an exchange or want to see your cryptocurrency earning some yield, even while the market is going up and down, it's a great way to, I suppose, hedge the market.

Holding on then is the best way for crypto to pay off.

We've seen the price change, it swings of 10 or 15% at a time, Cassill said. It can definitely be a volatile market. But I mean, if you're holding one Bitcoin in your Voyager account that one Bitcoin is earning a six and a quarter percent interest annual interest rate, that's nothing to sneeze about.

Its obvious that Cassill is passionate about the cryptocurrency market and enjoys educating others about the once mysterious world. Cassill has seen how interest has grown in the crypto market and its a big part of the sponsorship.

Something he doesnt mind at all.

It is fun to just tie things from other aspects of my life into racing, Cassill said. And I think that really what it does is strengthens my community and strengthens Voyager's community. Because that's one thing that is really strong about cryptocurrency is the community. And Voyager, I think a big part of the sponsorship is that community and how can they tap into the NASCAR community and really just provide a good service.

While the sponsorship may be something new to the sport, the contracts werent any different than any other sponsorship deal. And the process of turning cryptocurrency into the cash needed to pay the race teams bills isnt all that difficult Cassill said.

Fortunately, on Voyager's brokerage platform I can just liquidate the crypto that I need and send it right to my bank account, Cassill said. The sponsorship is paid fully in cryptocurrency. That's a part of this sponsorship. And from that point I can hold what I want to hold, keep it in my Voyager account. But I could also sell it carve out what I need to pay bills. And obviously, go racing with it.

The Voyager Digital primary sponsorship will continue for the rest of the 2021 NASCAR Xfinity series ... [+] season. (Photo by Carmen Mandato/Getty Images)

Cassills JD Motorsports car hes racing at Nashville Superspeedway (and raced at the Circuit of the Americas several weeks ago) isnt the first to have a crypto sponsor on the hood and get its funding from cryptocurrency, Stefan Parsons has a partial sponsorship for the same race with Dogecoin. And Josh Wise famously had Dogecoin sponsorship for a race in 2014. But the Voyager sponsorship isnt just a one or two race deal; in fact, its a deal that will see it as a primary sponsor for the rest of the season, with that sponsorship paid for fully in cryptocurrency; thats a first for NASCAR.

I've been a NASCAR long enough, I guess I don't count anything out in this sport, Cassill said. But I think that the one thing that I probably didn't imagine when I first got into cryptocurrency; the level of professionalism I would deal with when, doing a sponsorship with a brokerage exchange like Voyager you know, Steve, or like Pam Kramer and the whole team there. These people are really good people and they're professionals and I'm excited to work with them. Because I think it's a, a really great brand.

Cryptocurrency is indeed becoming less mysterious. Its exiting the information superhighway, and thanks to enthusiasts, like race car driver Landon Cassill, its going racing in NASCAR.

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Cryptocurrency Coming To Nascar In A Big Way Thanks To Driver Landon Cassill - Forbes

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Kim Kardashian West and other influencers are being paid to advertise cryptocurrency on social media – CNBC

As cryptocurrency has become more mainstream this year, it has reached the influencer world. Influencers, such as the D'Amelio family and Tana Mongeau, have started to post paid advertisements on their social media platforms for different digital coins and exchanges.

Even Kim Kardashian West posted an ad for ethereummax on her Instagram story on Sunday to her 228 million followers.

Followed by a short clip of her speaking to her camera about ethereummax with "#ad" written at the bottom of the screen, Kardashian West posted text: "Are you guys into crypto???"

"This is not financial advice but sharing what my friends told me about the ethereum max token!" the post read. She again added different hashtags, including #ad, which is required to reveal that her post is paid for, along with #emax and #disrupthistory.

Other celebrities, including Floyd Mayweather, have endorsed ethereummax as well. Mayweather brought up the altcoin during the Bitcoin 2021 Conference earlier this month and was, in turn, booed off stage. Ethereummax was alsoaccepted as payment for tickets toMayweather'srecent fightwith YouTuber Logan Paul.

Ethereummax is an altcoin that redistributes a small percentage of transactions to its token holders. It launched in May with a total supply of 2 quadrillion.

However, despite its star-studded partnerships, ethereummax is viewed as a more risky cryptocurrency to some in the crypto world. As Decrypt points out, it's "mostly just a marketing campaign." Ethereummax doesn't have a white paper as other crypto projects do, and only a few details about its developers are known. (The ethereummax team did not immediately respond to CNBC Make It's request for comment.)

Though it's unknown how much Kardashian West was paid for the advertisement, a 2019 court filing revealed that she can reportedly earn between $300,000 and $500,000 for a single Instagram post. For long-term social media deals, she can sometimes earn millions of dollars. (Kardashian West did not immediately respond to CNBC Make It's request for comment.)

Gen Z and young millennial influencers many of which primarily have young followers have posted paid ads for cryptocurrencies and exchanges recently as well.

The family account of TikTok stars Charli, 17, and Dixie D'Amelio, 19, posted their partnership with cryptocurrency exchange Gemini on Instagram in May, Insider reported.

"We are learning more about cryptocurrency as a family, thank you @gemini for Charli's birthday gift. #GeminiPartner," the post read, though Gemini has an age requirement of 18 or older.

The family's account has over 934,000 followers on Instagram, but Charli and Dixie have even larger followings themselves. Charli has over 117 million followers on TikTok and over 42 million on Instagram. Dixie has over 52 million followers on TikTok and over 24 million on Instagram.

"We believe it's important to provide financial literacy and access to educational resources about cryptocurrency through various channels," a spokesperson for Gemini tells CNBC Make It. "Gemini also works with influencers ... to help educate their followers about cryptocurrencies and raise awareness about the Gemini brand."

Along with the D'Amelio family, YouTubers like Paul and Loren Gray have posted endorsements for different cryptocurrencies and exchanges to their millions of followers. Even Matt James, known as the first Black male lead on ABC's "The Bachelor," has posted on his social media about his partnership with crypto financial services company BlockFi.

Though all cryptocurrency is considered to be a risky, volatile investment, the altcoins being pushed out by these influencers, like ethereummax, require even more caution, experts warn. Especially when advertised to younger audiences.

This kind of endorsement can be extra problematic when it isn't made clear that the influencer has been paid to post, James Ledbetter, editor of fintech newsletter FIN andCNBCcontributor, tells CNBC Make It.

"As with many other products and services these days, a cryptocurrency or exchange paying social media influencers can be an effective way to get the word out," he says.

However, "I'd be concerned that at least some of that audience is both financially unsophisticated and has limited access to funds, which is why this has for years been an area of regulatory action."

Investors should always do their own research before deciding where to put their money. As the SEC warned in 2017, "it is never a good ideato make an investment decision just because someone famous saysa product or serviceis a good investment."

"These types of arrangements could potentially harm investors, as well as attract regulatory scrutiny for the crypto companies," Ledbetter says.

But after seeing the effect that Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk's tweets have had on cryptocurrencies and stocks, it shouldn't be surprising that companies in the space are trying to find more players to do the same, Ledbetter says.

"Through crypto-memes and Elon Musk, my sense is that a good portion of [young investors have] already been exposed to cryptocurrency," Ledbetter says. "But it's conceivable that influencers might accelerate that trend."

Correction: This story has been updated to show that ethereummax was accepted as payment for tickets to Floyd Mayweather's recent fight against Logan Paul. An earlier version misstated Logan Paul's name.

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Cryptocurrency choices: There’s more to this market than bitcoin, ethereum – WRAL Tech Wire

Bitcoin and ethereum are the Coke and Pepsi of crypto: Their combined value of about $1 trillion accounts for nearly two-thirds of the overall $1.6 trillion in digital currencies worldwide.

But just as some soft drink fans prefer Dr. Pepper, there are also plenty of other alternatives in crypto more than 10,000 of them, according to research site CoinMarketCap.

Many of these altcoins have legitimate niche use cases for specific industries. They arent started-as-a-joke cryptos like Elon Musks beloved dogecoin and its canine cousin Shiba Inu.

Your primer on bitcoin, ethereum, and other most common cryptocurrencies

One of the better performing pairs of cryptos this year are two related tokens that are geared toward online content creators Theta and Theta Fuel. Theta has soared almost 400% in 2021 while Theta Fuel is up an astounding 1,700%.

Both run on a blockchain known as the Theta Network and allow PC users with un-utilized bandwidth to share video streams with others on the network The reward? Theyre able to mine tokens. Theta has impressive backers from the digital media world, including YouTube co-founder Steve Chen and Twitch co-founder Justin Kan, who are Theta advisors.

Meanwhile, many other altcoins are generating more attention in the crypto investing community and many of those investors say this is just the beginning.

This is still the early days for blockchain networks. Many others are getting built out, said Greg King, founder and CEO of Osprey Funds, a firm that is investing in cryptocurrencies. Not all of them are trying to imitate bitcoin.

King said hes focusing on two smaller coins: polkadot and algorand. King described polkadot as like an internet of blockchains that helps connect different networks and transfer coins between them.

Bitcoin & groceries: In NC you can now exchange cash for cryptocurrency at some stores

And he said algorand is a more eco-friendly green crypto than bitcoin, which has been criticized by many, including Musk, for the massive amount of energy that is used by people who mine the crypto on massive servers.

Algorand are distributed in a more energy-efficient way because they are part of so-called proof-of-stake distribution that randomly selects blocks to distribute to users, as opposed to being rewarded to people mining big chunks of the currency.

King thinks investors should focus more on cryptos and tokens like these two, which have legitimate uses and not get caught up in the hype and noise of things like dogecoin, which is up more than 6,000% this year thanks in large part to tweets from Musk despite being a joke.

Meme coins are a little distracting, but I guess its part of the libertarian side of crypto, King said, referring to the fact that people who are skeptical of goverment-backed currencies tend to flock to digital coins. There will be a lot of tokens ranging from silly to serious and many in between, he said.

Bitcoin plunges 15%; cryptocurrency worries mount

Michael Sikorsky chairman of Copia Wealth Studios, agreed. He said that his firm does own ethereum and bitcoin but that it also holds several other altcoins that are less mainstream.

Sikorsky said Copa Wealth Studios has positions in cardano and polygon, two other cryptos that are similar to algorand in that they are not mined by energy-hungry supercomputers.

Were getting our beak wet, Sikorsky said. But he added that investors have to keep in mind that these, and other cryptos, will remain volatile.

So altcoins are not for the faint of heart, but they are not going away either.

This is becoming a real asset class, said Charlie Silver, CEO of Permission.io, which has a token named ASK that is aimed at e-commerce advertisers.

But he warned that successful altcoins must have real utility. Those that are just gambles wont be good for the industry, Silver said. But we do see this as the next big wave of investing.

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Erdoan’s chess game in the international arena | Daily Sabah – Daily Sabah

President Recep Tayyip Erdoan held his first face-to-face meeting with United States President Joe Biden. The fact that the meeting which was supposed to take 45 minutes lasted 1.5 hours, showed the breadth of the topics the two presidents had to discuss.

Biden was in the United Kingdom for the G-7 meeting just before the NATO Summit. Unlike in former U.S. President Donald Trump's era, the G-7 declaration included comments against China's rising power.

In addition, those who followed Biden's press conference after the G-7 meeting clearly saw that the main agenda item for the U.S. president was to draw Europe to their side against China's influence.

Yes, it is inevitable that relations with Russia, which softened during the Trump period, will be strained again. However, it can be seen that this is more rhetorical than with China.

Biden's $7 billion "Build Back Better World (B3W)" project that has been offered as an alternative to Chinas Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the fact that Italy the first G-7 country to participate in the BRI in 2019 decided to withdraw from the project a week ago, are developments that cannot be understood separately from each other.

However, Erdoan is a chess master. Therefore, before the meeting with Biden, who is trying to increase American influence through economic development, he declared at the airport that Turkey and China had "concluded the agreement process" for a currency swap agreement between the two countries.

It is also necessary to look at the addresses that Erdoan pointed to before and after the NATO summit.

There are two important things that Turkish foreign policy has done in the international arena in the last year.

First, Turkey stabilized Libya despite the Russia-U.S.-France line, asserted its presence in the Blue Homeland and consolidated its influence into Africa.

The second is undoubtedly the end of Karabakh's 30 years in captivity with the support of Turkey. Both of these achievements have been achieved despite NATO giants such as the U.S. and France.

From this point of view, it is necessary to understand the two political messages Erdoan sent. The day before the NATO summit, he sent the state's highest-level security and diplomacy delegation to Libya. As soon as he returned from the NATO summit, he came to Azerbaijan and visited Shusha, one of the historical cities liberated from Armenia.

In addition to all these, Erdoan continued to employ rhetoric and display an attitude that drew attention to the importance of NATO for both Turkey and world peace. As both NATO's second-largest army and the only Muslim-majority member, the leader of Turkey's policy follows a delicately woven pattern.

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Dogecoin is Elon Musks Favorite Cryptocurrency. But Where are the Founders of th – News18

It was 2013 when blockchain and cryptocurrency had become hot topic in internet circles on platforms such as Reddit and Twitter. The market value of Bitcoin, the most-valued cryptocurrency at the time, had shot up to $1000 from $1 within a couple of weeks forcing people to take cryptocurrencies seriously. In Sydney, Australia, a marketing manager at Adobe, Jackson Palmer was into this latest cryptocurrency mania. He was addicted to checking Bitcoin prices but he felt that the groups of Bitcoin enthusiasts were elitist little groups that did not like outsiders. At the same time, triggered by the success of Bitcoin, there were many alternate cryptocurrencies coming into the market. Sitting over a beer, Palmer got an idea of making a parody cryptocurrency mocking Bitcoin. At that time, a meme of a dog looking at a camera was all over the internet. The meme that was going viral was based on a 2010 photo of a Shiba Inu dog, who was looking at the camera when the picture was taken. The meme-creator had written the guessed inner monologue in Comic Sans font over the picture that made the picture funny.

Palmer also found the Doge meme really funny. He decided to create a cryptocurrency with the Doge meme at its logo. He bought the domain DogeCoin.com and left a message on the website asking if anyone wanted to see the proposed parody cryptocurrency become a reality. The idea resonated with an IBM software engineer Billy Markus who wrote to Palmer and offered his help. Excited Markus had started to work on the new cryptocurrency before getting Palmers response.

When they both collaborated, the word Doge replaced Bit in Bitcoin to become Dogecoin, the first meme cryptocurrency. The logo was a coin with the Doge meme and the fonts on the website were Comic Sans, the same font the monologues in the Doge meme were written in. Soon, the cryptocurrency developed its dedicated community on Reddit and earlier this year, Dogecoin went viral on Twitter when the richest man on earth Elon Musk tweeted about it.

In a series of tweets, Musk termed himself as the father of Dogecoin encouraging people to invest in it. However, he also warned that people should not invest their lifes savings in the wildly surging cryptocurrency. Dogecoin went from a market valuation of $3 billion to $45 billion in a six-month period.

Two years later, In April 2015, Markus went on an extended leave from the cryptocurrency community and he sold all his Dogecoin holdings, which were enough for him to buy a used Honda Civic. Palmer also left the cryptocurrency space. The cryptocurrency, which was abandoned by its creators, is now being maintained by volunteers. Palmer is working as the director of product management, growth and data science at Adobe Systems while Markus is working for an education company in San Franciscos Bay Area.

Unlike Bitcoin and other many cryptocurrencies, there is no limit to how many Dogecoins can exist, which makes it harder for it to become expensive and make its owners rich. For one of its creators Palmer, Dogecoin is kind of my barometer for how much bitcoin mania or crypto-mania has taken hold and how much kind of dumb money is flowing into this space, Palmer told in an interview to Bloomberg.

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Computer Science Seniors Develop Cane to be the Eyes of the Visually Impaired – Trinity College

Two recent Trinity College graduates used their computer science know-how to develop a new way to help visually-impaired people navigate safely through their environments.

For their senior project, Alisa Levin 21 and Rahul Mitra 21 successfully built a cost-effective Real-Time Object Detection Aid for the Visually Impaired. Mounted on a white cane, a microcomputer with a camera uses machine learning to determine whats in the path of a visually-impaired user; that information is announced aloud by the users smartphone, which is connected to the microcomputer via Bluetooth. See a brief video demonstration of the project here.

Levin, a computer science major and models and data minor from New York City, and Mitra, a computer science and physics major from Kolkata, India, will each begin working toward a Ph.D. in computer sciencethis fall. Levin recently received a 2021 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.

Professor of Computer Science Peter A. Yoon, who was the faculty advisor for Levin and Mitras project, said that all senior computer science majors must complete a year-long capstone project in which they design, implement, and test a software system. This year, for the first time, students were given the option to work in groups, which more closely mimics a real-world software development process, Yoon said.

Mitra wanted to work with something hardware-related, while Levin wanted to pursue a project that involved machine learning; their project ultimately incorporated both aspects. The two recent graduates completed this project using the programming and long-term project management skills they honed during their computer science courses and research experiences at Trinity.

Yoon said, Their project required extensive knowledge and skills in virtually all layers of computer software and hardware systemsmachine learning, wireless communication, systems programming, and app design, to name a few. Their work was one of the most comprehensive senior capstone projects I have supervised in recent years.

Mitra added, This process uses machine learning on a portable microcomputer with a camera so that individuals are not reliant on the availability of volunteers. We decided to mount our system on a white canea device commonly used by low-vision individuals.

Information from the camera and microcomputer is transferred via Bluetooth to the users smartphone, which relays it to the user in audio form, alerting them of any obstacles in front of them. An example of such an auditory message would be, one car and two people, Levin said. The total cost of the materials we used is $245, which is 41 percent of the cost of the WeWALK cane, a smart cane currently on the market. Our hope is that our device is an accessible alternative to the WeWALK cane, and can further offer unique object detection functionality.

As Mitra explained, the projects code-base is publicly available on Github, a code-sharing website. Any developer could pick up where we left off, he said. A lot of good work has gone into this project and we believe keeping our code public will help other developers who want to get involved in this kind of work.

While Levin and Mitra acknowledge that they were not able to gather feedback from the visually-impaired community, they recognize the importance of having the device tested by individuals who could benefit directly from it. Their feedback would be invaluable in helping us plan our next steps if we take this project further, Mitra said. Accessibility technology is a huge sphere right now. With the growth of high-performance microcomputers, I believe its only a matter of time before machine learning is integrated with the well-known white cane on a large scale.

Levin added, We hope this is a good step toward a machine learning-enhanced tool that could aid visually-impaired individuals in navigating busy environments.

Levin and Mitra received the Travelers Senior Research Award for their work, which recognizes an outstanding senior project demonstrating technical maturity, completeness, and relevance. It is an extraordinary accomplishment for undergraduate students, Yoon said of their project.

Working with Prof. Yoon was a fantastic experience, Mitra said. We met him bi-weekly and he always brought unique perspectives to problems we ran into during the course of our project. Ive always enjoyed his learn-by-doing philosophy in the classroom. Conducting a senior project under him was similar in that he always suggested new approaches we could take. Prof. Yoon was especially instrumental in helping us put the entire system together in a user-friendly manner.

After graduating from Trinity, Mitra will conduct research in computer graphics while pursuing a Ph.D. in computer science. The research opportunities provided by Trinity convinced me that graduate school is the right decision for me, he said. The knowledge gained from Prof. Yoons programming courses was a key factor in influencing my decision to pursue graduate studies in computer science.

As Levin pursues a Ph.D. in computer science, she plans to continue to combine her interests in machine learning and assistive technologies. Im very grateful to all of the wonderful faculty in the Computer Science Department for supporting us over these past four years, she said.

Read more about senior projects by engineering and computer science majors here.

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List of cryptocurrency companies allowed in Hawaii grows to 15 – KHON2

Posted: Jun 18, 2021 / 11:05 AM HST / Updated: Jun 18, 2021 / 11:05 AM HST

A visual representation of the digital Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

HONOLULU (KHON2) Four U.S.-based digital currency companies have recently been admitted into Hawaiis Digital Currency Innovation Lab (DCIL), which allows them to do business in the state without having to first obtain a state money transmitter license.

The companies are still required to comply with other sections of the money transmitter laws.

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The second cohort includes BitStop, Provenance Technologies, SoFi and Uphold. They join 11 other participants that were accepted into the lab last August.

The DCIL provides a valuable opportunity for digital currency companies to partake in the conversations around legislation pertaining to money transmitters at the state level. Despite knowing that they have only one year to operate in Hawaii, we received interest from 14 applicants for this second cohort, says Iris Ikeda, Commissioner of Financial Institutions. Similarly, the state benefits as well through transactional data, feedback and ideas provided by the participants.

The two-year pilot program concludes on June 30, 2022, with a winddown period lasting until December 30, 2022. Click here for more information.

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Uncovering the mysteries of milk – MIT News

Sarah Nyquist got her first introduction to biology during high school, when she took an online MIT course taught by genomics pioneer Eric Lander. Initially unsure what to expect, she quickly discovered biology to be her favorite subject. She began experimenting with anything she could find, beginning with an old PCR machine and some dining hall vegetables.

Nyquist entered college as a biology major but soon gravitated toward the more hands-on style of the coursework in her computer science classes. Even as a computer science major and a two-time summer intern at Google, biology was never far from Nyquists mind. Her favorite class was taught by a computational biology professor: It got me so excited to use computer science as a tool to interrogate biological questions, she recalls.

During her last two years as an undergraduate at Rice University, Nyquist also worked in a lab at Baylor College of Medicine, eventually co-authoring a paper with Eric Lander himself.

Nyquist is now a PhD candidate studying computational and systems biology. Her work is co-advised by professors Alex Shalek and Bonnie Berger and uses machine learning to understand single-cell genomic data. Since this technology can be applied to nearly any living material, Nyquist was left to choose her focus.

After shifting between potential thesis ideas, Nyquist finally settled on studying lactation, an important and overlooked topic in human development. She and postdoc Brittany Goods are currently part of the MIT Milk Study, the first longitudinal study to profile the cells in human breast milk using single cell genomic data. A lot of people dont realize theres actually live cells in breast milk. Our research is to see what the different cell types are and what they might be doing, Nyquist says.

While she started out at MIT studying infectious diseases, Nyquist now enjoys investigating basic science questions about the reproductive health of people assigned female at birth. Working on my dissertation has opened my eyes to this really important area of research. As a woman, Ive always noticed a lot is unknown about female reproductive health, she says. The idea that I can contribute to that knowledge is really exciting to me.

The complexities of milk

For her thesis, Nyquist and her team have sourced breast milk from over a dozen donors. These samples are provided immediately postpartum to around 40 weeks later, which provides insight into how breast milk changes over time. We took record of the many changing environmental factors, such as if the child had started day care, if the mother had started menstruating, or if the mother had started hormonal birth control, says Nyquist. Any of these co-factors could explain the compositional changes we witnessed.

Nyquist also hypothesized that discoveries about breast milk could be a proxy for studying breast tissue. Since breast tissue is necessary for lactation, researchers have been historically struggled to collect tissue samples. A lot is unknown about the cellular composition of human breast tissue during lactation, even though it produces an important early source of nutrition, she adds.

Overall, the team has found a lot of heterogeneity between donors, suggesting breast milk is more complicated than expected. They have witnessed that the cells in milk are composed primarily of a type of structural cells that increase in quantity over time. Her team hypothesized that this transformation could be due to the high turnover of breast epithelial tissue during breastfeeding. While the reasons are still unclear, their data add to the fields previous understandings.

Other aspects of their findings have validated some early discoveries about important immune cells in breast milk. We found a type of macrophage in human breast milk that other researchers have identified before in mouse breast tissue, says Nyquist. We were really excited that our results confirmed similar things they were seeing.

Applying her research to Covid-19

In addition to studying cells in breast milk, Nyquist has applied her skills to studying organ cells that can be infected by Covid-19. The study began early into the pandemic, when Nyquist and her lab mates realized they could explore their labs collective cellular data in a new way. We began looking to see if there were any cells that expressed genes that can be hijacked for cellular entry by the Covid-19 virus, she says. Sure enough, we found there are cells in nasal, lung, and gut tissues that are more susceptible to mediating viral entry.

Their results were published and communicated to the public at a rapid speed. To Nyquist, this was evidence for how collaboration and computational tools are essential at producing next generation biological research. I had never been on a project this fast-moving before we were able to produce figures in just two weeks. I think it was encouraging to the public to see that scientists are working on this so quickly, she says.

Outside of her own research, Nyquist enjoys mentoring and teaching other scientists. One of her favorite experiences was teaching coding at HSSP, a multiweekend program for middle and high schoolers, run by MIT students. The experience encouraged her to think of ways to make coding approachable to students of any background. It can be challenging to figure out whether to message it as easy or hard, because either can scare people away. I try to get people excited enough to where they can learn the basics and build confidence to dive in further, she says.

After graduation, Nyquist hopes to continue her love for mentoring by pursuing a career as a professor. She plans on deepening her research into uterine health, potentially by studying how different infectious diseases affect female reproductive tissues. Her goal is to provide greater insight about biological processes that have long been considered taboo.

Its crazy to me that we have so much more to learn about important topics like periods, breastfeeding, or menopause, says Nyquist. For example, we dont understand how some medications impact people differently during pregnancy. Some doctors tell pregnant people to go off their antidepressants, because they worry it might affect their baby. In reality, theres so much we dont actually know.

When I tell people that this is my career direction, they often say that its hard to get funding for female reproductive health research, since it only affects 50 percent of the population, she says.

I think I can convince them to change their minds.

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The vexing tech challenge of fighting ransomware: A battle of milliseconds – Stars and Stripes

Fiber optic cables, center, and copper Ethernet cables feed into switches inside a communications room at an office in London on May 21, 2018. (Jason Alden/Bloomberg)

115 milliseconds.

As quick as a blink, that's the amount of time a new technology - developed by researchers from Australia's national science agency and a university in South Korea - takes to detect that ransomware has detonated on a computer and block it from causing further damage.

The finding seeks to address a vexing challenge that has stymied international efforts to stop such attacks. As hackers execute bolder attacks with bigger potential payouts, computer scientists are pushing the limits of software to make near-instantaneous decisions and save victims from ruin.

A spree of recent ransomware attacks have focused attention on the issue and spurred booming growth for part of the cybersecurity industry - one that has benefited from a presidential endorsement of sorts.

Since 2016, spending on "endpoint protection" software has more than doubled to $9.11 billion last year, according to data from Gartner Inc. Those are cybersecurity tools that protect "end user" devices such as laptops and desktop computers, which are vulnerable to being hacked through their users clicking on malicious links or phishing emails.

Last month, U.S. President Joe Biden issued an executive order that will require civilian federal agencies to deploy a specific type of that technology, called endpoint detection and response software, on their networks. Leading companies include SentinelOne Inc., Cybereason Inc., Microsoft Corp. and CrowdStrike Holdings Inc., according to Gartner.

The innovation of that software is that it blocks files deemed to be malicious - what traditional antivirus does - and goes a step further, automating the hunt for suspicious behavior on users' machines, aiming to identify poisoned code before it causes damage, according to Oliver Spence, co-founder of U.K.-based North Star Cyber Security. Still, Spence said the technical challenge remains daunting.

"Solving ransomware is magnitudes harder than solving spam and that isn't solved yet," he said. "How do you tell which email is legitimate or not? How do I tell if a process is legitimate or not? Solve either problem completely, and you are well on your way to being rich enough to retire."

Ransomware is a type of cyberattack that encrypts files on victims' computers, rendering them useless until a ransom is paid. It can take just minutes to cripple an entire network. The recent hacks of Colonial Pipeline Co., which shut the biggest gasoline pipeline in the U.S. for nearly a week, and of JBS, which temporarily shut all U.S. beef plants for the largest meat producer globally, have exposed gaps in protection for critical industries.

One of the few ways to get ahead of the problem is to have security software running deep inside a computer's operating system. There, it can see each program - or process - running on the machine and have the best shot at distinguishing between legitimate and nefarious ones.

"The technology exists to identify authorized processes versus unauthorized processes - that's actually not that terribly hard," said Lawrence Pingree, a managing vice president at Gartner. "The hard part is that ransomware, as a category, can use many hundreds of techniques including modifying or injecting authorized processes. Most security practitioners will tell you that it's a race condition where defenders keep augmenting security to match the changing threats."

Hackers often trigger alarms as they move around victim networks, performing reconnaissance and manipulating accounts while staging ransomware attacks, said Jared Phipps, senior vice president of sales engineering for SentinelOne. Endpoint detection and response software automates the analysis of those behaviors to try and stop the hackers before they escalate, he said.

"Executing the ransomware is the last thing they do," Phipps said. "There are weeks and weeks or even months of lead time in the attack. There are going to be many different systems touched and in most cases there are a lot of security alerts. There is absolutely time to stop those attacks."

One challenge of staying ahead of the problem is that skilled hackers routinely test their code and techniques against the latest security software, adapting when needed to evade detection, said Andrew Howard, chief executive officer of Switzerland-based Kudelski Security.

"Ransomware attacks today are typically human-operated, meaning that a human is actively guiding the attack," Howard said. "As the defenses get better, this drives new offensive techniques, which drives better defenses, which drives new offensive techniques, and so forth. There is not a 100% effective technical solution for this problem."

An executive at a leading cyber incident response firm, who asked not to be named discussing internal matters, said his company always recommends that ransomware victims it's assisting buy some form of endpoint detection and response software, and that about 70% do. He said his firm analyzed its deployments from one of the leading vendors and found that the software blocked almost all of the attacks. "The only three fails we have seen in three years were because of poor implementation by the client," the person said.

The person noted that such technologies aren't cheap, starting at about $12 per "endpoint" - or device - per month, with discounts for big deployments. For large organizations, that can mean millions of dollars per year. But to put that in perspective, Colonial paid a $4.4 million ransom, while JBS paid $11 million.

One way that organizations are paying for the upgrade is by replacing their antivirus programs. Gartner projects that within five years, more than 60% of large organizations will have replaced antivirus with endpoint detection and response and similar software.

In the meantime, computer scientists are racing to improve the speed and accuracy of their code for handling the "response" part of the equation, trying to shave milliseconds off their times for blocking malicious actions.

In January, researchers from the digital arm of Australia's national science agency - the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization's Data61 unit - and from Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea published details of an experimental technology they developed to detect ransomware by looking at some of the lowest-level signals in a computer's operating system.

One result, the researchers said, was the ability to detect ransomware on average in about 115 milliseconds, after just one file was encrypted - saving the rest of the computer and its contents. Software makers generally haven't disclosed specific performance metrics in this area, so it's unknown how the researchers' findings compare to commercial efforts to thwart the attacks.

The paper's lead author, Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed, wrote in an email that these results point to a goal that the security industry is urgently chasing. "Our approach can detect such activities at the early stages of a ransomware infection," he said. This opens the door to "detect and give and early warning even before any damage is done."

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The vexing tech challenge of fighting ransomware: A battle of milliseconds - Stars and Stripes

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Save 97% off this 2021 Complete Computer Science Training Bundle – Neowin

Neowin Deals Jun 14, 2021 11:46 EDT

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Save 97% off this 2021 Complete Computer Science Training Bundle - Neowin

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