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The question whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system can be named as an inventor in a patent application has obvious implications for the life science community, where AIs presence is now well established and growing. For example, AI is currently used to predict biological targets of prospective drug molecules, identify candidates for drug design, decode genetic material of viruses in the context of vaccine development, determine three-dimensional structures of proteins, including their folding form, and many more potential therapeutic applications.

In a landmark decision issued on July 30, 2021, an Australian court declared that an AI system called DABUS can be legally recognized as an inventor on a patent application. It came just days after the Intellectual Property Commission of South Africa granted a patent recognizing DABUS as an inventor. These decisions, as well as at least one other pending case in the U.S. concerning similar issues, have generated excitement and debate in the life sciences community about AI-conceived inventions.

The AI system involved in these legal battles across the globe is called Device for Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience aka DABUS developed by Missouri physicist Dr. Stephen Thaler (Thaler). In 2019, two patent applications naming DABUS as the inventor were filed in more than a dozen countries and the European Union. Both applications listed DABUS as the sole inventor, but Thaler remains the owner of any patent rights stemming from these applications. The first application is directed to a design of a container based on fractal geometry. The second application is directed to a device and method for producing light that flickers rhythmically in a specific pattern mimicking human neural activity. In addition, an international patent application combining the subject matter of both applications was filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The South African patent based on the PCT application issued without debate about the inventions nonhuman origin. In contrast, during prosecution of the PCT application in Australia, the Deputy Commissioner of Patents of the Australian Intellectual Property Office took the position that the Australian Patents Act requires the inventor to be human and allowed Thalers non-compliant application to lapse. Thaler subsequently sought judicial review, asserting that the relevant Australian patent provisions do not preclude an AI system from being treated as an inventor, and that the Deputy Commissioner misconstrued these provisions. The court agreed, finding that the statues do not expressly exclude an inventor from being an AI system. In its decision, the court describes in detail the many benefits of AI in pharmaceutical research, ranging from identifying molecular targets to development of vaccines. In view of these contributions, the court cautioned that no narrow view should be taken to the concept of inventor. To do so would inhibit innovation in all scientific fields that may benefit from the output of an AI system. The court further opined that the concept of inventor should be flexible and capable of evolution. In the same vein, the relevant patent statutes should be construed in line with the objective of promoting economic wellbeing through technological innovation. Thus, while stopping short of allowing a non-human from being named a patent applicant or grantee, the Australian court permitted inventorship in the name of an AI system under Australian statutory provisions.

To date, the U.S. has not acknowledged the legality of nonhuman inventorship. In response to the filing of two U.S. patent applications in 2019 identifying DABUS as the sole inventor on each application, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a Notice to File Missing Parts for each application requiring Thaler to identify an inventor by his or her legal name. Upon several petitions by Thaler requesting reconsideration of the notice for each application, the USPTO last year rejected the idea that DABUS, or any other AI systems, can be an inventor on a patent application. The USPTO found that since the U.S. statutes consistently refer to inventors as natural persons, interpreting inventor broadly to encompass machines would contradict the plain reading of the patent statues. In reaching this decision, the USPTO also cited earlier Federal Circuit decisions which found that state governments and corporations could not be listed as inventors because conception of an invention needs to be a formation in the mind of the inventor and a mental act by a natural person. In response, Thaler sued Andrei Iancu, in his capacity as Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the USPTO as well as the USPTO itself in Virginia federal court.

In that pending action, Thaler argued that the USPTOs decisions in both applications effectively prohibit patents on all AI-generated inventions, producing the undesirable outcome of discouraging innovation or encouraging misrepresentations by individuals claiming credit for work they did not perform. In addition, according to Thaler, there is no statute or case in the U.S. holding that an AI cannot be listed as an inventor. Accordingly, he urged the court to undertake a dynamic interpretation of the law. Furthermore, Thaler claimed that a conception requirement should not prevent AI inventorship because the patent system should be indifferent to the means by which invention comes about. For these reasons, Thaler sought reinstatement of both patent applications and a declaration that requiring a natural person to be listed as an inventor as a condition of patentability is contrary to law. While the court has not yet ruled on the issues presented, presiding Judge Leonie Brinkema remarked in a summary judgment hearing held in April of this year that the issue seemed to be best resolved by Congress.

Even if nonhuman inventorship becomes widely recognized, other important questions of AI and patent law will remain. Among these is the issue of ownership. In most jurisdictions, in cases where the applicant is different from the inventor, the applicant needs to show it properly obtained ownership from the inventor. The obvious question that arises is how can a machine like DABUS, which cannot hold title to an invention, pass title to an applicant like Thaler under the current patent system. The likely answer is that legislative changes in the U.S. and around the world are needed to expand the limits of patent inventorship and ownership to accommodate such arrangements. When and if that will happen is unclear, but the decisions from Australia and South Africa have certainly raised the profile of the debate surrounding inventorship and ownership of AI conceived inventions.

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Artificial Intelligence as the Inventor of Life Sciences Patents? - JD Supra

Its been used to detect eye diseases, make medical diagnoses, and spot early signs of oesophageal cancer. Now it has been claimed artificial intelligence may be able to diagnose dementia from just one brain scan, with researchers starting a trial to test the approach.

The team behind the AI tool say the hope is that it will lead to earlier diagnoses, which could improve outcomes for patients, while it may also help to shed light on their prognoses.

Dr Timothy Rittman, a senior clinical research associate and consultant neurologist at the University of Cambridge, who is leading the study, told the BBC the AI system is a fantastic development.

These set of diseases are really devastating for people, he said. So when I am delivering this information to a patient, anything I can do to be more confident about the diagnosis, to give them more information about the likely progression of the disease to help them plan their lives is a great thing to be able to do.

It is expected that in the first year of the trial the AI system, which uses algorithms to detect patterns in brain scans, will be tested in a real-world clinical setting on about 500 patients at Addenbrookes hospital in Cambridge and other memory clinics across the country.

If we intervene early, the treatments can kick in early and slow down the progression of the disease and at the same time avoid more damage, Prof Zoe Kourtzi, of Cambridge University and a fellow of national centre for AI and data science the Alan Turing Institute, told the BBC. And its likely that symptoms occur much later in life or may never occur.

Dr Laura Phipps at Alzheimers Research UK said Kourtzi was also leading a research project, funded by the charity, that used data from wearable technology to predict diseases like Alzheimers 15-20 years earlier than it was currently possible. Phipps added that the application of AI to brain scans might bring benefits.

To diagnose dementia today, doctors need to rely on the interpretation of brain scans and cognitive tests, often over a period of time, she said. Machine learning models such as those being developed by Prof Kourtzi could give doctors greater confidence in interpreting scans, leading to a more accurate diagnosis for patients.

Phipps added that it is hoped such approaches may eventually help to detect the diseases that cause dementia much earlier.This would have a huge impact on people with dementia and their families, she said.

However Prof Tara Spires-Jones, deputy director of the Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in the study, said excitement might be premature.

Finding ways to diagnose dementias very early in the disease process is a very important goal that will help both research and eventually treatment, but it looks like this is still in fairly early stages, she said.

Prof Clive Ballard, a dementia expert at the University of Exeter, agreed. AI has been shown to improve the diagnostic potential of brain scans compared to clinical reading of the scans, but there is so much heterogeneity between individuals that it is completely infeasible for a single scan, biomarker or clinical test to be that certain in a single assessment, he said.

This approach is definitely a positive direction of travel that will lead to improvements in diagnosis, but we need to be really careful not to create false expectations.

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Artificial intelligence could be used to diagnose dementia - The Guardian

Organizations will invest in technologies that power digital work, automation and human-machine collaboration.

The Emerging Technology Community utilized CompTIA data from a recent quantitative study that consisted of an online survey fielded to professionals during February 2021. A total of 400 businesses based in the United States participated in the survey and identified the most common use cases for IoT and AI. The Emerging Technology Community then narrowed that list to five use cases for each technology based on member input and experience.

"We challenged ourselves to be as relevant as possible, inclusive of our community members' input, and prescriptive with recommendations," said Greg Plum, senior vice president, strategic alliances forMarkee.io and chair of the council. "We made a conscious effort this year to move to a more practical model allowing our audience to understand not only the types of technologies that were emerging, but how they are being leveraged and monetized right now."

Top Artificial Intelligence Use Cases

Top Internet of Things Use Cases

Predictive sales/lead scoring CRM/service delivery optimization Chatbots/digital assistants Asset tracking Industrial monitoring

Cybersecurity Threat Detection Marketing Automation Smart Badges Fleet Management Smart Buildings

"The pandemic has accelerated digital transformation and changed how we work," said Khali Henderson, senior partner at BuzzTheory and vice chair of the Council. "We learned somewhat painfully that traditional tech infrastructure doesn't provide the agility, scalability and resilience we now require. Going forward, organizations will invest in technologies and services that power digital work, automation and human-machine collaboration. Emerging technologies like AI and IoT will be a big part of that investment, which IDC pegs at $656 billion globally this year."

To learn more about the Top 10 Emerging Technologies list and view the infographic visit https://connect.comptia.org/content/infographic/list-of-emerging-technologies.

The CompTIA Emerging Technology Community includes industry executives and thought leaders who have both a keen sense of new technologies, and insight into how to create business opportunities and transform business operations. To learn more about the community and get involved with the group visit https://connect.comptia.org/connect/communities/emerging-technology-community.

About CompTIAThe Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) is a leading voice and advocate for the $5.2 trillion global information technology ecosystem; and the estimated 75 million industry and tech professionals who design, implement, manage, and safeguard the technology that powers the world's economy. Through education, training, certifications, advocacy, philanthropy, and market research, CompTIA is the hub for advancing the tech industry and its workforce. Visithttps://connect.comptia.org/ to learn more.

Media ContactRoger HughlettCompTIA[emailprotected]630-678-8644

SOURCE CompTIA

http://www.comptia.org

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CompTIA Names Top 10 Applications for Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in 2021 Emerging Technology List - PRNewswire

The hi-tech cameras will now help the security forces to have an eagle eye on infiltrations of China and Pakistan through distinct borders as they are designed in such a way that they can detect a vehicle from a wide distance of 20 km.

A widely spread nation like India has been always on target by Pakistan and China over many years in the past. The Indian army as ever keeps an eagle eye on the infiltrators to protect the land and millions of countrymen. In the last few years, the use of technology has been constantly increasing in military operations for surveillance. However, for such advanced technology India until now has to depend on technology-oriented nations like the USA, Russia, and Israel. But now the domestic Artificial Intelligence agencies are witnessing new dawn in the field. For the development of the same, the defense sector and Indian Artificial Intelligence agencies are working hand in hand with sheer efficacy.

For efficient surveillance on the borders of China, India is to put up exceptional cameras on the field. Optimized Electrotech, a startup from Ahmedabad, Gujarat is to play a prominent role in the initiative. Putting it in simple words, the cameras by the new startup will now be keeping an eagle eye on the borders of China and Pakistan. The device holds multiple significant features among which the most prominent is that it can capture the loaded vehicle from a wide range of 20 km and can detect the resource being carried in it viz human or substantial.

Trial Camera on the Chinese border

As per the reports, Optimized Electrotech co-founder Mr. Sandeep Shah claimed to have been put up a camera for the trial base on the Indo-China border. The results came as the camera was successful in catching the details about infiltrations done and the minute movements of the army from neighboring countries.

Specifications of the Hi-tech device

Detection: the camera detects the minute movements of a vehicle from a wide-ranged distance of 30 km and manly movements from a wide-ranged distance of 18 km.

Identification: the vehicle moving in the area belongs to the army or a normally used vehicle will be detected from a distance of 20 km.

Technology: made with artificial intelligence the camera works with Machine learning techniques and informs the control room about the conspicuous movements in the alerting area with its high-resolution image. The camera rotates 360 degrees.

India to root its position in Border surveillance

Co-founder Sandeep Shah asserted it is near to impossible for only three army men to keep an eye on the borders of India widespread across thousand miles and the core reason why technology is needed on the battlefield. The camera will serve the purpose of catching the minutest details and movements in the civilian restricted area and even beyond help the forces safeguard the land.

He further said, India has been a constant customer of America, Russia, and Israel in terms of technology although it costs much higher. In the last few years, Indian policies have witnessed some dramatic changes which have contributed efficiently to the domestic market as the forces now use (mostly) the domestic surveillance systems and technology developed in the nation itself. However, the benchmark in these systems is recorded very high as Afterall the core concern is Indias security. The companies and start-ups related to the defense sectors have also been actively participating. This will enable the real growth of the nation as Atmanirbhar Bharat in the upcoming years and will be rooting its existence in the efficient border surveillance systems.

Defense policy contributed to better opportunities

The government of India passed a Defense Procurement Policy back in the year 2016 and the prominence was laid on domestic weapons and armaments. This widened the opportunities for the Indian start-ups who dreamt of creating such efficient technological weapons and devices which can contribute to the development process. Today, Optimize Electrotech is one of the top 10 defense start-ups inside the boundaries.

Internal Security to be at the core

The cameras fulfill the demand in various other fields as airports, railway stations, and bus stations as well. It can even be used to detect conspicuous movements in government or non-government buildings, public places, etc. The camera is adorned with the latest technology of face recognition, body temperature, thermal image, and many such.

Manufacturing of such is done in Bengaluru with the price ranging from INR 20 lakhs to 3 crores.

The initiative of Atmanirbhar Bharat has been making a great impact on the Indian economy as well as in the growing process of India at a global plinth. As the brains of India, are now working for the betterment of the land, the day isnt far away when India will make it to a platform that it used to be in its glorious history.

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Indian Artificial Intelligence on the field to help the forces - Goa Chronicle - Goa Chronicle