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Most used blockchain averts crisis after software flaw is fixed – Economic Times

A flaw in the most popular software used to verify transactions on the Ethereum network nearly triggered a crisis for the worlds most widely used cryptocurrency blockchain.

About half of the Ethereum ecosystem split into a separate chain after a bug in the Go Ethereum, or Geth, software effected users who hadnt implemented an update meant to fix the mistake, said Maddie Kennedy, a spokesperson at the cryptocurrency research firm, Chainalysis.

This couldve been a big problem, but it isnt, Kennedy said.

At its worst, the split -- or fork -- could have caused a so-called double-spend attack where the same Ether cryptocurrency would have traded twice during any transaction or trade, according to the news site Decrypt. This wouldve created counterfeit currency and possibly a sharp drop in its value.

Fortunately, most traders using Geth swiftly upgraded their systems, allowing most of the blockchain to remain on the primary network, instead of pivoting to the forked version, said Kennedy.

Ether rose for the first time in four trading sessions during New York hours, gaining about 4.6% to $3,272. The second-largest cryptocurrency by market value after Bitcoin has surged more than 300% this year.

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RBI may launch e-currency: How will it be different from cryptocurrency? – Hindustan Times

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor Shaktikanta Das on Friday said that the central bank may launch a pilot of its digital currency by December this year. Das said in an interview that the RBI is working on a phased implementation strategy for the same.

He added that the bank is "extremely careful" about the central bank digital currency (CBDC), which is a new product for it.

This is an important statement from the governor of the country's central bank, in view of the rise in popularity of cryptocurrency. The Supreme Court has already quashed a 2018 circular of the RBI to ban banks and financial institutions from providing services to any individual or business entities dealing with or settling cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin.

At a webinar last month, RBI deputy governor T Rabi Sankar had said that the time for CBDCs has come.

What is a central bank digital currency?

The RBI defines CBDC as a legal tender issued by a central bank in a digital form. It is the same as a fiat currency and is exchangeable one-to-one with the fiat currency. Only its form is different.

It also said that the idea is not new. At his keynote address, Sankar said in July that the origins of CBDCs can be attributed to American economist and Nobel laureate James Tobin, who proposed a digital form of payment in 1980s.

What is the need for a CBDC?

Across the globe, the adoption of CBDC has been justified for three main reasons: Central banks, faced with dwindling usage of paper currency, seek to popularize a more acceptable electronic form of currency; Jurisdictions with significant physical cash usage seeking to make issuance more efficient and Central banks seek to meet the publics need for digital currencies, manifested in the increasing use of private virtual currencies, and thereby avoid the more damaging consequences of such private currencies.

Moreover, the RBI says that payments using CBDCs are final and thus reduce settlement risk in the financial system. CBDCs would also potentially enable a more real-time and cost-effective globalization of payment systems, according to the central bank.

Difference between cryptocurrency and CBDC

Virtual private currencies like Bitcoin have gained wide acceptance in the last few years. Sankar said that if these private currencies gain recognition, national currencies with limited convertibility are likely to come under threat.

Virtual currencies like Bitcoin are digitally encrypted, decentralised and not linked to or regulated by any government. A CBDC, on the other hand, will be a digital version of the fiat currency - one backed by the government.

While cryptocurrency operates independently, a fiat currency is issued by a country's central bank. The latter requires intermediaries to make transfers.

Moreover, the supply of fiat currency is regulated by the central banks, and can be increased of decreased depending on the usages, whereas the supply of cryptocurrency is limited.

Also, a currency marked as a legal tender can be kept in bank accounts; the cryptocurrencies need to be stored in digital wallets.

CBDCs, depending on the extent of its use, can cause a reduction in the transaction demand for bank deposits and reliance on cash.

Why we need CBDCs in India?

According to RBI, India's high currency to GDP ratio calls for a switch to CBDCs. If large cash transactions can be replaced by CBDCs, the cost of printing, transporting, storing and distributing currency can be reduced.

It also said that freely convertible currencies like the US dollar may not be affected as most of the private virtual currencies in vogue are denominated in US dollar. The RBI said that virtual currencies might encourage the use of US dollar. So, a digital currency developed by India could help retain public preference for the Rupee.

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Crypto debate set to return in force | TheHill – The Hill

The debate over regulating cryptocurrency is set to heat up when lawmakers reconvene in Washington, as industry leaders and members of both parties double down on their objections to the current language in the bipartisan infrastructure bill.

And beyond revising the infrastructure provision after failed efforts, further attempts to regulate cryptocurrency may bring together unlikely allies in Congress and draw battle lines within parties.

Rather than trying to ignore or suppress cryptocurrency and related technologies, regulators and legislators alike need to recognize that open, public networks are here to stay. Our laws and regulations must adapt to these developments, Sen. Pat ToomeyPatrick (Pat) Joseph ToomeyBlack women look to build upon gains in coming elections Watch live: GOP senators present new infrastructure proposal Sasse rebuked by Nebraska Republican Party over impeachment vote MORE (R-Pa.) said in a statement Thursday.

Toomey, the ranking member of the Senate Banking Committee, put out a call soliciting proposals on how to ensure federal law supports the development of crypto and open blockchain network technologies in a way that protects investors. The committee will collect proposals through Sept. 27.

I am hopeful the broad array of legislative proposals I receive will help in crafting thoughtful legislation, he said.

Toomeys request comes on the heels of two failed efforts to amend the infrastructure bill, both of which he backed. Toomey joined Sens. Cynthia LummisCynthia Marie LummisCrypto industry seeks to build momentum after losing Senate fight Hillicon Valley: Cryptocurrency amendment blocked in Senate | Dems press Facebook over suspension of researchers' accounts | Thousands push back against Apple plan to scan US iPhones for child sexual abuse images Cryptocurrency amendment blocked in Senate MORE (R-Wyo.) and Senate Finance Committee Chairman Ron WydenRonald (Ron) Lee WydenAttacking fires by air often does no good, expert says Overnight Energy: Democrat spending proposal would raise conservation cash through fossil fees Oil producers push Democrats to preserve key drilling deduction MORE (D-Ore.), in proposing an amendment to the provision in the legislation that would have redefined the term broker to limit the new reporting requirements to keep so-called miners and developers from being roped in.

When that provision got pushback from the Biden administration, pitting the White house against Wyden, Toomey signed on to a compromise amendment that aimed to revise the language to similarly exempt the unintended players from the requirements. But that effort failed as well, not based on substance but due to procedural struggles after Sen. Richard ShelbyRichard Craig ShelbyPress: Why is Mo Brooks still in the House? Eshoo urges Pelosi to amend infrastructure bill's 'problematic' crypto regulation language Crypto industry seeks to build momentum after losing Senate fight MORE (R-Ala.) tried to attach an untreated proposal to boost military spending.

Bipartisan lawmakers in the House sounded similar alarms and urged amendments to the language, but their hands were tied based on the larger debate around the bill, and Speaker Nancy PelosiNancy PelosiEviction ruling puts new pressure on Congress On The Money: Powell signals Fed will soon cut stimulus Banks fights Jan. 6 committee effort to seek lawmaker records MORE (D-Calif.) ended chances to amend the bill as part of a deal with moderates.

Given that amendment efforts werent blocked based on substance, industry leaders are hopeful to revise the language through other legislative vehicles going forward.

We think that the political will and interest is there, it's really going to be finding the right opportunity and channeling all of the support that we have in Congress into moving that forward, said Kristin Smith, executive director of the BlockChain Association.

What we'll hopefully see emerge now that we sort of know the lay of the land is, hopefully there will be members coalescing around the single strategy to get this fixed, she said. It's certainly disappointing but it doesn't come as a surprise that we weren't able to get an amendment in this bill.

After the debate put a spotlight on the industry, Washington has its eye on regulations beyond amending the definition for reporting requirements as laid out in the infrastructure bill.

That debate is what prompted Toomey to solicit legislative proposals, but hes also looking for ideas broadly on crypto regulation, according to a GOP aide.

The industry-wide backlash to the bill highlights why Congress needs to engage with stakeholders and prioritize how to regulate the industry without stifling innovation, the GOP aide said.

Within the industry there was widespread criticism that Congress lacked the understanding of how crypto functions before hastily adding in the provision to help pay for the roughly $1 trillion bill. That purported lack of understanding, they argue, could lead to unintended consequences.

The knowledge gaps may prompt lawmakers to hold more hearings with industry experts in coming months, according to the GOP aide.

But others in Congress are not as warm to the industry. Sen. Elizabeth WarrenElizabeth WarrenNewsom recall spurs unprecedented turnout campaign Biden faces another huge decision apart from COVID and Afghanistan Fed reappointment splits progressives MORE (D-Mass.), for one, has been pushing for more regulation slamming crypto as the wild west of our financial system.

Warren sent a letter to Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary GenslerGary GenslerCryptocurrency makes the climate crisis worse SEC ups disclosure requirements for Chinese companies seeking US IPOs: report Crypto industry seeks to build momentum after losing Senate fight MORE in July pressing him on the need to regulate cryptocurrency exchanges. The month before, she chaired a Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee's subcommittee on Economic Policy hearing on the industry, pressing experts over the safety and reliability of cryptocurrencies.

The GOP aide said Toomey is not not on board with Warrens approach, which the Republican senator thinks could stifle innovation and lead to lawmakers rushing into regulation before better understanding its impacts.

But Toomey did find common ground with Wyden while working on the amendment despite its ultimate failure. And through the effort, Wyden broke from some of his Democratic colleagues and the Biden administration in proposing his version of the fix.

Even when Toomey and Lummis joined Sen. Rob PortmanRobert (Rob) Jones PortmanGOP hopefuls fight for Trump's favor in Ohio Senate race Trump's last national security adviser endorses JD Vance in Ohio Senate race FreedomWorks misfires on postal reform MORE (R-Ohio) and Democratic Sens. Mark WarnerMark Robert WarnerOn The Money: Progressives dig in for fall fight with centrists on Biden budget plan Senate Democrats release more details of international tax plan Trump says he 'single-handedly' picked Alabama for Space Command, contradicting Pentagon MORE (Va.) and Krysten Sinema (Ariz.), on the compromise amendment that won over support from the administration, Wyden notably left his name off the proposal. However, the Oregon Democrat did not try and block the measure, and said it was certainly better than the underlying bill.

Whichever way the regulation debate plays out in Congress, the cryptocurrency industry is ramping up efforts in D.C. In addition to the industry boosting lobbying, the debate around the infrastructure bill mobilized a grassroots push that led supporters to tweet and call lawmakers directly.

Smith said she expects that engagement level to remain.

The crypto community at large, even broader than just the Blockchain Association, has been following this very closely and is eager to be engaged and participate and I think that having that is cryptos superpower, she said.

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Missouri lawmakers discuss election security in hearing marked by conspiracy theories – Joplin Globe

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. The Missouri House Elections Committee convened last week to discuss ways to alter the initiative petition process and improve election security.

And over the course of more than three hours, lawmakers heard a parade of debunked conspiracy theories about the 2020 election.

Im convinced the country suffered the greatest cyberattack in the history of the world that was ordered and orchestrated by the Chinese Communist Party, retired military analyst David Stevens told the committee.

Stevens was referencing a conspiracy peddled by MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell that claims the Chinese were behind President Joe Bidens 2020 victory. During his August symposium, Lindell offered $5 million to any cybersecurity expert who could prove his claims wrong, and at least one former military cyber expert, a longtime Republican from Texas, has said he easily can.

Others testifying Tuesday were similarly enamored with Lindells theories, including Rep. Ann Kelly, a Lamar Republican who doesnt serve on the elections committee but testified about attending a symposium in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, organized by Lindell.

Missouri resident Keith Carmichael testified about false voter-fraud theories from Ohio mathematician Douglas Frank, which have been disproven by a Republican-led Michigan Senate Oversight Committee. Working together, Frank and Lindell contend they can prove voting machines were hooked up to the internet, which both Ohio and Missouri laws prohibit.

Just a moment ago, a veteran military analyst told you that you were attacked, Carmichael said. I dont know if you were listening. Nobody ran out. I didnt see anybody call home. I know during 1941 when Pearl Harbor was attacked, I imagine people just stopped what they were doing.

There is no evidence of widespread voter fraud or irregularities during the 2020 election.

The witnesses were met with numerous objections from both Republican and Democrat committee members. Election officials at both the state and county levels also testified for several hours to dispel the false claims.

We do have a very secure system that all of our election authorities use, said Trish Vincent, chief of staff for Secretary of State Jay Ashcroft. We put in layers of security to make it doubly secure.

However, Vincent quickly added that a bill to require a photo ID to vote an idea that has been repeatedly rejected by Missouri courts would be one way to dispel mistrust and increase voter confidence.

Weve been wrestling with that for a number of years, she said.

The GOP-dominated General Assembly made requiring a photo ID to vote and making it harder to change state law through the initiative petition process top priorities this year. But the session ended in May without any of the election bills finding their way to Gov. Mike Parsons desk.

Tuesdays hearing is seen as clear indication that election legislation will once again sit atop the GOP agenda in January when lawmakers return to Jefferson City.

Rep. Ashley Aune, D-Kansas City, said Tuesdays hearing was part of a strategy to sow seeds of doubt and distrust in the electoral system.

Even though the Republican committee members didnt outwardly support the election-fraud conspiracy theories touted by witnesses, Aune said she had serious concerns about the level of legitimacy they gave the claims by inviting witnesses to talk about them.

They just need to put it out there and leave people to stew on it, Aune said. It paves the way to create policies to make our elections safer if they think they are unsafe.

At one point in the meeting, committee chair Rep. Dan Shaul, R-Imperial, said that he brought forth the issues of data hacking to make sure the states election authorities have the tools they need.

That was my purpose today to make sure that we talked about these odd things that could impact the integrity and the trustworthiness of our systems, Shaul said.

The first hole in Lindells Chinese cyberattack theory is that election authorities dont certify election results via the internet, said Rep. Peggy McGaugh, a Carrollton Republican who is vice chair of the elections committee and a former county clerk.

Greene County Clerk Shane Schoeller, a Republican and former state legislator, agreed.

Missouri is a paper ballot state, Schoeller said. We certify elections off of paper. We use electronic equipment on election night in order to be able to put uncertified results out to the public.

All that equipment is certified by the secretary of states office. They use an encrypted memory stick thats certified by a bipartisan election team.

Schoeller walked through the rigorous auditing steps that election results go through after election night.

We have these safeguards in place, he said. I think we all agree we are going to trust but we are going to verify.

Aune said a public school in her district had to close down for two days because its system was hacked.

She co-sponsored the Missouri Cybersecurity Act, which lawmakers approved in May and will establish a commission of cybersecurity experts to address issues like this. It went into effect Saturday.

If lawmakers are interested in cybersecurity, they should ignore baseless election conspiracies to focus on safeguarding utilities and entities like public schools, she said.

Thats where our time should be spent, Aune said. Lets put our attention where we know we need it.

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Business this week – The Economist

Aug 28th 2021

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Joe Biden held a summit at the White House with the chief executives of Americas biggest tech, financial and infrastructure companies to discuss cyber-security. Those attending included Tim Cook of Apple (pictured), Satya Nadella of Microsoft and Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase. Criminal hackers have attacked several critical infrastructure- and software-systems this year. Mr Biden urged companies to help fill the half a million job vacancies in cyber-security.

Chinese tech stocks had a good few days, in part because robust quarterly earnings from JD.com, one of Chinas biggest e-commerce companies, suggested that it was coping well with the governments regulatory crackdown on the tech industry. Chinas internet giants are making sure they are seen to respond to the latest edicts. Pinduoduo and Tencent, two online platforms, said they would donate billions to worthy causes, after President Xi Jinping pressed high-income enterprises to return more to society. See article.

The share prices of Uber, Lyft and other gig-economy companies wobbled after a judge in California struck down Proposition 22, a voter-approved measure that allows the firms to continue classifying their drivers as independent contractors rather than workers. The judge found that the measure was unconstitutional and unenforceable, but stayed his decision until appeals can be heard.

Providing a contrast to the image of tech companies as fiendish reprobates, Airbnb offered free temporary housing to 20,000 Afghan refugees around the world. The home-rental platform and its charity have housed 25,000 refugees over the past four years.

South Africas official unemployment rate rose to 34.4%, the highest level since the current method of counting joblessness began in 2008. Including those in the labour force who are discouraged from looking for work, the rate rose to 44.4%.

South Koreas central bank raised its benchmark interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point, to 0.75%. It was the first rate increase in almost three years, and comes amid growing consumer debt in the surging economy.

Britains Competition and Markets Authority published its report into the proposed takeover of Arm, a British chip designer, by Nvidia, Americas most valuable semiconductor manufacturer. The CMA concluded that the deal would result in less competition and called for an official investigation. The government has already voiced separate concerns about the takeover on national-security grounds.

Virgin Orbit said it would list on the Nasdaq stockmarket by merging with a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) in a deal that includes an investment by Boeing. An offshoot of Virgin Galactic, Virgin Orbit is expanding its satellite-launch business and developing a constellation for internet-of-things services.

Maersk, the worlds biggest container-shipping firm, ordered eight vessels with dual-fuel engines that will be powered mostly by green methanol. Maersk is busily decarbonising as freight customers look to reduce their own emissions in supply chains. But it may encounter problems securing stock of the methanol, which is made from renewable sources such as biomass and solar energy.

The British government rejected a plea by the retail and transport industries to fill an acute shortage of lorry drivers by giving temporary work visas to lorry drivers from the EU. The shortage of drivers has been caused by covid-19 measures and the departure of EU nationals after Brexit. Delayed deliveries are causing goods shortages. McDonalds ran out of milkshakes this week because of supply-chain issues.

Goldman Sachs became the latest big bank in America to insist that employees and visitors to its offices produce proof of vaccination against covid-19. Delta Air Lines became the first big company to impose a health-insurance surcharge, of $200 a month, on unvaccinated staff, though it is not requiring its workers to have the jab.

Matt Mendelsohn was appointed as Yale Universitys chief investment officer after the death of David Swensen in May. Mr Mendelsohn worked closely with Swensen and now takes on full responsibility for Yales influential $31bn endowment fund.

Perhaps confirming the adage that sex sells, OnlyFans reversed its ban on explicit acts by adult performers on its platform, after a backlash from the porn stars who have driven the sites success (they say it gives them a safe space to earn money). OnlyFans had introduced the ban on rumpy pumpy after coming under pressure from creditors worried about reputational risks, but it has now found alternative ways to support our diverse creator community. See article.

This article appeared in the The world this week section of the print edition under the headline "Business this week"

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Microsoft and Google pledge $30bn to fight cyber crime over five years – The National

US tech giants Microsoft and Google have committed to invest $20 billion and $10bn, respectively, to fight cyber crime over the next five years.

The two companies announced pledges after their chief executives met US President Joe Biden on Wednesday and discussed measures to strengthen the country's cyber ecosystem. Top executive of other technology companies such as IBM, Apple and Amazon also attended the meeting.

Thank you @POTUS for convening a critical conversation on cybersecurity, Satya Nadella, Microsofts chief executive, said on Twitter.

Microsoft will invest $20bn to advance our security solutions over the next five years, $150 million to help US government agencies upgrade protections and expand our cyber security training partnerships."

The Washington-based company has been one of the prime targets for cyber criminals. Recently, thousands of apps and portals that use Microsofts Power Apps platform mistakenly leaked about 38 million confidential records and left them exposed for months on the internet.

In March, cyber espionage group Hafnium reportedly exploited Microsoft's widely used email and calendar Exchange server, breaching more than 30,000 commercial and local government entities in the US.

Microsoft said it would also expand its partnerships with community colleges and non-profit groups for cyber security training programmes.

US President Joe Biden addresses members of his national security team and private sector leaders at the White House in Washington on Wednesday. Reuters

The meeting [with President Biden] comes at a timely moment, as widespread cyber attacks continue to exploit vulnerabilities targeting people, organisations and governments around the world, Kent Walker, senior vice president of global affairs at Google, said.

Governments and businesses are at a watershed moment in addressing cyber security [cyber attacks] are increasingly endangering valuable data and critical infrastructure."

The Alphabet-owned company said it plans to invest in strengthening cyber security and securing the software supply chain. It also pledged to train 100,000 Americans in the fields of information technology support and data analytics, learning in-demand skills, including data privacy and security.

Cyber crimes globally have risen amid a rise in remote working and a rapid digital uptick due to the Covid-19 pandemic, according to IBM.

The average global cost of a data breach rose about 10 per cent a year to $4.2m over the past 12 months, it said. The US continued to top the list, with average costs of $9m, up from $8.6m a year ago, followed by Saudi Arabia and the UAE at $6.9m. Canada ($5.4m), Germany ($4.9m) and Japan ($4.7m) complete the list.

Last week, T-Mobile US said cyber attackers breached its computer networks and stole personal details of more than 40 million past, current and prospective customers.

The information stolen from the company's servers included victims names, dates of birth, social security numbers and driving licence details.

The cyber security market is forecast to be worth $363 billion over the next five years, according to Mordor Intelligence. Getty

In May, cyber criminals targeted the US company Colonial Pipeline, which ships about 2.5 million barrels of oil each day across the country. It had to pay a ransom of about 75 Bitcoin to regain control of its systems. However, US investigators have said they recovered about 63.7 Bitcoin.

Updated: August 27th 2021, 6:11 AM

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets

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Microsoft and Google pledge $30bn to fight cyber crime over five years - The National

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Cartwright and Alhambra school districts soon to deliver free Wi-Fi – ABC15 Arizona

PHOENIX Nearly $34 million in CARES Act money is going to be used to provide free Wi-Fi to students from kindergarten through community college. Its part of an effort to even the playing field for families who just cant afford internet at home. The problem is far from new but the solutions to bridging the digital divide at Phoenix-area schools is.

Its about making access available to students, its about removing inequities, said Paul Ross with Phoenix College.

Ross is the brainchild behind the Phoenix Digital Education Connection Canopy, an idea put into motion after schools serving high poverty populations struggled to transition to online learning during the pandemic. On September 1, the canopy will begin delivering free Wi-Fi to potentially thousands of students.

It brought awareness to where the gaps really existed, for a lot of people it went from being a number on a spreadsheet to being weve got real households, students who really dont have access at home, said Ross.

Hes talking about students like Greg Arzola, now studying cyber security at Phoenix College, and helping to make this program a reality alongside Ross as part of his internship. But in high school, his family struggled to make ends meet while his single mother cared for seven children.

It was just really my mom taking care of us and we didnt have a lot of extra money to spend on internet, its kind of like either paying the rent or just having internet access, said Arzola who said he didn't have internet access at home in high school.

The solution looks like this, infrastructure for Wi-Fi access is now installed across seven locations, casting a four-square-mile net providing internet coverage for both the Cartwright and Alhambra school districts.

With this, I know that children will have more benefits, better opportunities than I did, and have a better time succeeding in school and getting a better education, said Arzola.

Thats going to benefit our students for years and years to come, said Cartwright School District CFO Victoria Farrar.

Farrar says the network comes with security measures to protect children using it, giving one of the poorest districts a hand up towards a brighter future.

This is really laying the foundation for what we know our students need, and now we have the tools and ability to make sure we sustain it going forward, said Farrar.

Its a partnership of schools, the City of Phoenix, and Phoenix College that will eventually add the connection canopy over 13 area districts in the next few years.

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The lies of free sign-ups – The Kathmandu Post

When I say browsing through any website isnt free, I dont mean the price you pay to your internet service providers or the price you pay for your electricity bill. It's not even the price you pay to get hold of the electronic devices to access such accounts; instead, it's your datayour private informationwhich is sold; auctioned off to the highest bidder. Over and over again. To quote an Internet user named bluebeetle If you are not paying for it, youre not the customer; youre the product being sold.

In the infamous hearing of Facebooks Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg in 2018 when Senator Hatch had asked him, "How do you sustain a business model in which users don't pay for your service?" Zuckerberg replied, "Senator, we run ads." So, for the platforms which heavily rely on their users' watch time and click-through rate on ads to earn money, it is only logical for their business model to focus on what their advertisers want and how to market relevant ads to the users. Hence they use targeted ads. Targeted advertisements are done by marketers where the users get ads that revolve around their specific interests, traits and shopping patterns.

The websites run their ads specific to their users to benefit their "customers", who are the companies who buy the advertisement slots. In the Netherlands, a 2013 study showed that when a law was introduced that required websites to inform visitors of tracking in the advertisements, click-through rates dropped. So it is obvious why companies would use sneaky ways and abuse loopholes in the law to mine data.

With users sharing their personal data and the web cookies tracking every click of the users, the marketers have been able to tailor ads to each user according to their needs. Research shows that many people don't know that their data dictates the ads they receive.

Most of us have got ads of the products or services specifically when we need them. Researchers discovered that users perceive personalised ad content as more appealing and more connected to their interests.

Have you ever wondered how much information Facebook or Youtube, or Instagram has on you? How much information has Google stored on you and to what extent it keeps track of your search history and click-through rates? Well, you can request a copy of the data these websites have on you. When I got curious about how much Google has tabs about my personal information, I exported my personal data from Google. It created a copy out of 46 products that contained 39.25 GB worth of data. Your privacy settings determine how much information you allow Google to access your browsing history and activity on related products.

Google keeps track and stores your location. Google has a record of every place you've been to (if your location tracking was turned on). I was shocked to find Google still keeping records of a random restaurant I visited on July 31st, 2015. It stores your search history across all of your devices, even the ones you have deleted. It knows all the apps youve used, every extension used. It has all of your YouTube historylikes, comments, searches and subscriptions. So, based on the content you watch on YouTube, Google can figure out your personality, political inclination, religious stance, health data, and tastes and preferences on basically anything. Google Photos has access to all the photos you've taken through your phone. Much like Google, Facebook, too, keeps track of every message you have sent and people you've befriended or unfriended. It also keeps track of your log-ins or log-outs, the devices you have used, and the places you have visited. Even if you delete any piece of information, it just becomes invisible but never really disappears.

Inspired by Brian X. Chens article in the New York Times, I downloaded the information that Facebook has on me. To my horror, I found out that they had 3.46 GB worth of data on me. I found a folder labelled "Ads_information. A section named Advertisers who uploaded a contact list with your information had an overwhelming majority of companies I had never heard of or interacted with. It also had an "Advertisers you've interacted with" folder that records every advertisement I've interacted with.

Chen further explains how brands obtain users' information. These include: Buying information from data providers like Acxiom and taking that information to Facebook to serve targeted ads. Brands use tracking technologies like web cookies and invisible pixels to collect information about your browsing activities. According to Ghostery, Facebook offers different trackers to help brands harvest your information, advertisers can take some pieces of data that they have collected with trackers and upload them into the "Custom Audiences" tool to display ads to you on Facebook. After receiving a backlash, Facebook has limited the practice of allowing advertisers to target ads using information from third-party data brokers.

Sometimes ignorance is bliss but not when its your data that is in danger. The free services that these companies provide us doesnt automatically mean were getting fair compensation in exchange for our data. As MIT Technology Review has put it, "have little idea how much personal data they have provided, how it is used, and what it is worth." If the general public were aware of viable alternatives, they might hold out for compensation for free.

In the same internet space where browsers like Gener8 Ads respect your choice to either limit your data collection or generate money from it, we are obligated to analyse whether Google has been selling our data in exchange for providing "free" services. In a Harvard Business Review, Maurice E. Stucke wrote how Data-opolies have been depressing privacy protection below competition levels and collecting personal data above competition levels. (The Data-opolies consist of Google, Facebook, Amazon and similar companies who have minimal competition.) Stucke compares the collection of excessive personal data with charging an exorbitant price for a product/service. Since the companies have limited - or no- competition, they without a doubt have no competitive alternatives hence the bargaining power for the users is nonexistent.

These companies are also at a considerable risk of getting a security breach as the hackers have more incentives to hack such companies. The personal data of over 533 million Facebook users was leaked online in April 2021. This exposed the users' data for free, leaving the users vulnerable to data theft or impersonation.

When there should be stronger regulations on internet security and data privacy, Data awareness amongst users is necessary. So maybe next time you sign up for a website, you first at least skim-read the "Terms of Service", and the next time you click on "Accept Cookies", you first read what data you're willing to let the website track and collect from your browser.

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Why Kubernetes isnt just another tech buzzword – IT Brief New Zealand

Article by New Relic ANZ solutions consulting senior director Myk Shaforostov and Innablr CTO Prateek Nayak.

Kubernetes, or K8s, the popular container orchestration platform, has profoundly transformed the way development teams deploy software, and for good reason.

Its rapidly becoming the source of truth for many organisations due to its centralised platform structure and has numerous benefits, including increased deployment agility, cost savings and scalability.

In fact, new research has found that 68% of IT professionals increased their K8s usage due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of K8s are being realised by tier-one enterprises to smaller-scale business operators and everything in between. So why should businesses get on the K8s bandwagon?

K8s is an open-source container orchestration platform designed to automate the deployment, scaling and management of containerised applications. K8s comes with many benefits, including effective resource consumption control, easy canary deployments and rollbacks, and easy scalability.

Initially developed by Google, K8s today is the de facto standard for container orchestration and the flagship project of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF).

While K8s itself sits in the developer and engineering realm, it has notable flow-on effects on the wider business, especially in terms of operational efficiencies and logistical concerns, both of which impact the organisations bottom line.

Distributed teams and security best practices

One of the biggest concerns companies tend to have around K8s and indeed open-source technology is security. Traditionally when businesses are on-premises, they are isolated behind the network, so security isnt so much of an issue. However, for companies that operate in the cloud with distributed teams, that boundary doesnt exist. When teams are in disparate locations deploying their own VMs, tracking the security posture is challenging.

One Melbourne-based K8s Certified Service provider (CNCF) with a focus on cloud engineering and next-generation platform consultancy explained that the open-source community has built an ecosystem of robust software to bolster K8s security landscape. And because K8s promotes the centralising of infrastructure, security oversight is simplified, and security mechanisms can be bolted on with ease.

With K8s, there are many controls such as Centre for Internet Security (CIS) and National Institute for Standards of Technology (NIST) guidelines that outline how to secure K8s infrastructure, plus tools that provide necessary automation to benchmark clusters.

Reports alerting users to potential security risks can be easily run and is powerful for security personnel because it gives them one place to focus on for all the teams in the business. Furthermore, when security modifications or enhancements are made, everybody in the team benefits from it.

This can be characterised as localised improvements that allow for global benefits. By making one local improvement to a K8s cluster, every team that is deploying onto that cluster benefits from it and inherits the improvements instead of having to implement them themselves.

Localised improvements that allow for global benefits

The benefits of K8s extend beyond security. Business engineers no longer need to spend large amounts of time implementing security controls and going through weeks of checks and balances. Engineers are free to focus purely on writing features or enhancements for customers and react faster to market changes.

The pandemic is a prime example. Businesses that were already well into their K8s journey could react much faster to the switch to digital than those working in on-prem environments. The agility benefits are an inherited part of a central platform like K8s.

Solutions for businesses big and small

Its not just smaller, more nimble businesses that are reaping the benefits of K8s. Some of the biggest names in Australias banking and insurance industries have been on their K8s adoption journey for well over two to three years. What these businesses find most compelling is the centralised nature, flexibility, and scale that the platform offers. It also works with all the cloud providers, with on-prem systems, and offers developers a straightforward interface to deploy applications.

Even given the platforms success to date, K8s is still early in its journey towards achieving its full potential, which makes it all the more exciting.

Kubernetes is here to stay.

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Why Kubernetes isnt just another tech buzzword - IT Brief New Zealand

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Protect Your Privacy For Life With This VPN Loved By Its Users, Now Less Than $40 - IGN Nordics

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