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US/EU Initiative Spotlights Cooperation, Differing Approaches To Regulation Of Artificial Intelligence Systems – Privacy – Worldwide – Mondaq News…

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In late September 2021, representatives from the U.S. and theEuropean Union met to coordinate objectives related to the U.S.-EUTrade and Technology Council, and high on the Council's agendawere the societal implications of the use of artificialintelligence systems and technologies ("AISystems"). The Council's public statements on AISystems affirmed its "willingness and intention to develop andimplement trustworthy AI" and a "commitment to ahuman-centric approach that reinforces shared democraticvalues," while acknowledging concerns that authoritarianregimes may develop and use AI Systems to curtail human rights,suppress free speech, and enforce surveillance systems. Given theincreasing focus on the development and use of AI Systems from bothusers and investors, it is becoming imperative for companies totrack policy and regulatory developments regarding AI on both sidesof the Atlantic.

At the heart of the debate over the appropriate regulatorystrategy is a growing concern over algorithmic bias thenotion that the algorithm powering the AI Systems in question hasbias "baked in" that will manifest in its results.Examples of this issue abound job applicant systemsfavoring certain candidates over others, or facial recognitionsystems treating African Americans differently than Caucasians,etc. These concerns have been amplified over the last 18 months associal justice movements have highlighted the real-worldimplications of algorithmic bias.

In response, some prominent tech industry players have postedposition statements on their public-facing websites regarding theiruse of AI Systems and other machine learning practices. Thesestatements typically address issues such as bias, fairness, anddisparate impact stemming from the use of AI Systems, but often arenot binding or enforceable in any way. As a result, these publicstatements have not quelled the debate around regulating AISystems; rather, they highlight the disparate regulatory regimesand business needs that these companies must navigate.

When the EU's General Data Protection Regulation("GDPR") came into force in 2018, itprovided prescriptive guidance regarding the treatment of automateddecision-making practices or profiling. Specifically, Article 22 isgenerally understood to implicate technology involving AI Systems.Under that provision, EU data subjects have the right not to besubject to decisions based solely on automated processing (andwithout human intervention) which may produce legal effects for theindividual. In addition to Article 22, data processing principlesin the GDPR, such as data minimization and purpose limitationpractices, are applicable to the expansive data collectionpractices inherent in many AI Systems.

Consistent with the approach enacted in GDPR, recently proposedEU legislation regarding AI Systems favors tasking businesses,rather than users, with compliance responsibilities. The EU'sArtificial Intelligence Act (the "Draft AI Regulation"),released by the EU Commission in April 2021, would requirecompanies (and users) who use AI Systems as part of their businesspractices in the EU to limit the harmful impact of AI. If enacted,the Draft AI Regulation would be one of the first legal frameworksfor AI designed to "guarantee the safety and fundamentalrights of people and businesses, while strengthening AI uptake,investment and innovation across the EU." The Draft AIRegulation adopts a risk-based approach, categorizing AISystems as unacceptable risk, high risk, and minimal risk. Much ofthe focus and discussion with respect to the Draft AI Regulationhas concerned (i) what types of AI Systems are consideredhigh-risk, and (ii) the resulting obligations on such systems.Under the current version of the proposal, activities that would beconsidered "high-risk" include employee recruiting andcredit scoring, and the obligations for high-risk AI Systems wouldinclude maintaining technical documentation and logs, establishinga risk management system and appropriate human oversight measures,and requiring incident reporting with respect to AI Systemmalfunctioning.

While AI Systems have previously been subject to guidelines fromgovernmental entities and industry groups, the Draft AI Regulationwill be the most comprehensive AI Systems law in Europe, if not theworld. In addition to the substantive requirements previewed above,it proposes establishing an EU AI board to facilitateimplementation of the law, allowing Member State regulators toenforce the law, and authorizing fines up to 6% of acompany's annual worldwide turnover. The draft law will likelybe subject to a period of discussion and revision with thepotential for a transition period, meaning that companies that dobusiness in Europe or target EU data subjects will have a few yearsto prepare.

Unlike the EU, the U.S. lacks comprehensive federal privacylegislation and has no law or regulation as specifically tailoredto AI activities. Enforcement of violations of privacy practices,including data collection and processing practices through AISystems, primarily originates from Section 5 of the Federal TradeCommission ("FTC") Act, which prohibitsunfair or deceptive acts or practices. In April 2020, the FTCissued guidance regarding the use of AI Systems designed to promotefairness and equity. Specifically, the guidance directed that theuse of AI tools should be "transparent, explainable, fair, andempirically sound, while fostering accountability." The changein administration has not changed the FTC's focus on AIsystems. First, public statements from then-FTC Acting ChairRebecca Slaughter in February 2021 cited algorithms that result inbias or discrimination, or AI-generated consumer harms, as a keyfocus of the agency. Then, the FTC addressed potential bias in AISystems on its website in April 2021 and signaled that unlessbusinesses adopt a transparency approach, test for discriminatoryoutcomes, and are truthful about data use, FTC enforcement actionsmay result.

At the state level, recently enacted privacy laws in California,Colorado and Virginia will enable consumers in those states toopt-out of the use of their personal information in the context of"profiling," defined as a form of automated processingperformed on personal information to evaluate, analyze, or predictaspects related to individuals. While AI Systems are notspecifically addressed, the three new state laws require datacontrollers (or equivalent) to conduct data protection impactassessments to determine whether processing risks associated withprofiling may result in unfair or disparate impact to consumers. Inall three cases, yet-to-be promulgated implementing regulations mayprovide businesses (and consumers) with additional guidanceregarding operationalizing automated decision-making requests upuntil the laws' effective dates (January 2023 for Virginia andCalifornia, July 2023 for Colorado).

Proliferating use of AI Systems has dramatically increased thescale, scope, and frequency of processing of personal information,which has led to an accompanying increase in regulatory scrutiny toensure that harms to individuals are minimized. Businesses thatutilize AI Systems should adopt a comprehensive governance approachto comply with both the complimentary and divergent aspects of theU.S. and EU approaches to the protection of individual rights.Although laws governing the use of AI Systems remain in flux onboth sides of the Atlantic, businesses that utilize AI in theirbusiness practices should consider asking themselves the followingquestions:

The content of this article is intended to provide a generalguide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be soughtabout your specific circumstances.

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How does McLaren win the race both on the track and in cyberspace? With innovation and Artificial Intelligence – Entrepreneur

This article was translated from our Spanish edition using AI technologies. Errors may exist due to this process.Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

Depositphotos.com

Innovation is essential for success. With the Mexican Grand Prix approaching soon, as it will take place on November 7, these innovations will be the center of attention, highlighting some of the most incredible feats of engineering: Formula 1 (F1). The fastest team will largely depend on your ability to innovate to win the race.

For the McLaren F1 team, that means perfecting the car to stay ahead of the competition. Every 17 minutes, McLaren creates a new part for its car. And, at the end of the season, 80% of the car will be completely different. With more than 180 Grand Prix victories and 20 championships, this strategy has served the historic McLaren team well.

But innovation is also critical to winning the race in cyberspace. To outcompete cyber attackers, organizations must invest in technologies that prioritize research and development, deploying technology to combat the growing number of increasingly sophisticated threats.

The constant evolution of the car makes McLaren's intellectual property - that is, the car's designs and its performance characteristics - its most prized jewel. Just as a startup's business model or product designs are crucial to any entrepreneur, McLaren's proprietary data is its most precious resource.

Both entrepreneurs and companies must take the necessary precautions to ensure that criminals cannot steal your ideas. Hackers don't care about legal frameworks or patents. They will do whatever it takes to cause harm.

A successful cyber attack could cause serious problems for any organization. These attacks could lead to a deterioration in reputation, significant capital losses, or the theft of ideas that are already patented. For McLaren or any other team, the damage that a cyberattack would cause - ranging from access to intellectual property, to the competition strategy or the data from the sensors connected to the cars - could be the difference between winning or losing.

The pace is so fast in racing that F1 teams need technology and innovation to keep up. Proper cybersecurity measures are critical to ensuring intellectual property protection, ensuring equipment can function, and most importantly ensuring victory is achieved.

Beyond data loss, cyberattacks can have physical consequences in the racing world. A successful cyberattack could disrupt the activities of a business entirely. The closure of any activity for a period of time would be unsustainable.

But for McLaren, not taking the car out on the track is inconceivable. A shutdown attack on a race weekend is the kind of situation that keeps McLaren leaders up at night.

Organizations must understand that hackers will eventually infiltrate. More important than building perimeter defenses with legacy technologies such as firewalls, companies must focus on mitigating the spread of threats and minimizing damage to avoid a shutdown.

The digital environment of an entrepreneur, like that of F1, moves at high speed: multiple processes and activities happen simultaneously. For that reason, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) -based solutions for cybersecurity defense is vital.

The McLaren team uses AI technology to ensure the defense of its digital infrastructure. These artificial intelligence-based cybersecurity solutions automatically alert security teams to threats in their digital infrastructure. These real-time alerts allow security teams to focus their attention on responding to and remediating threats.

Especially during race weekends, it is important that the entire employee base - from the CEO to the team in the box - does not waste valuable time evaluating whether an email or other communication is authentic. They need to trust AI to examine that data for them.

This autonomous responsiveness allows the team to focus on more complex security tasks, without having to worry about relying on the decisions of a single individual to protect the entire company and its infrastructure. Not only is one person at risk by clicking on a suspicious link. The entire company is at risk.

Cybersecurity based on artificial intelligence (AI) is the best way to secure complex and sophisticated digital environments, such as a growing startup or a Formula 1 team. Every weekend, McLaren is in a different place, on a circuit different races.

The most successful AI has the ability to learn about the regular business operations of an organization, thereby identifying abnormal behaviors for that specific environment. In that sense, AI can prevent partial or total business interruption, data theft and other negative repercussions of a cyber attack. This type of AI, called self-learning, can adapt as its environment changes, which in the case of F1 is very common.

McLaren learned that it was essential to adopt this type of technology in advance. As attacks and their perpetrators become more sophisticated, defensive technologies need to rely on innovation to stay ahead of threats.

Every entrepreneur and businessman should follow McLaren's example: embrace new technologies to defend and protect their ideas and their work. McLaren took decisive steps to ensure its cyber integrity; companies should too.

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How does McLaren win the race both on the track and in cyberspace? With innovation and Artificial Intelligence - Entrepreneur

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Introducing Emma-Jean Thackray, the British nu-jazz prodigy who owes her guitar style to grunge and nu metal – Guitar.com

What does jazz smell like? Whats the fragrance of funk? The aroma of electronica? The bouquet of Yorkshires brass bands? Individually, were not so sure. But stir these styles together and the scent is clear. Emma-Jean Thackrays debut album fuses all these genres and more, a balmy, sun-cooked blend of brass-band bops, psych-spiked funk, fleet-footed floor-fillers, swirling kosmische and spiritual jazz. Its parfum? Eau du Yellow? Patchouli, orange and ginger.

Emma-Jean Thackray is one of Britains brightest jazz prospects. Like London nu-jazz contemporaries Ezra Collective, Moses Boyd and Nubya Garcia, the multi-instrumentalist, bandleader, beat-maker, composer, producer, masters-level arranger, label manager and DJ is partly responsible for the recent and unlikely resurgence of homegrown jazz. Her debut album, suffused with deep-mind mysticism and stuffed with genre-jumping, rule-breaking compositions, has been praised by the likes of Pitchfork and NME. As well as drafting in help from her live band, Thackray plays practically every instrument on it: voice, vibraphone, bass guitar, bass clarinet, trumpet, percussion, synths, organ, guitar and more. Shes self-taught in almost all of them.

Emma-Jean Thackray in her home studio Movementt

Growing up in brass country, West Yorkshire, Thackray always wanted to be an artist. From the second I could talk, when the grown-ups would ask me what I wanted to be, Id be like, Artist. I want to be an artist. I willbe an artist, she says. There was never a doubt in my mind that that would be the way I lived my life.

At eight, she began learning the cornet. By the time she was a teen, shed become the principal cornet player in the Tingley Brass Band, before switching to jazz trumpet at 14. Throughout her teens, Thackray was back and forth between Leeds and its satellite towns partaking in regional band championships, as well as darting down to London for marquee events. All the while, this soon-to-be jazz master was finding her way into guitar music the same way many teens of the new millennium did: through the fading flames of 1980s rock and 1990s grunge and the rapidly rising stars of nu-metal.

Like many millennials, Thackray came of age in the era of Kerrang TV, MTV and Scuzz, musical tastemakers then at the peak of their powers. With Guns N Roses, Metallica and Nirvana videos on regular rotation alongside those by the likes of Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park and System of a Down, Thackray paid attention not just to the angst and the attitude but to the fingerings, the melodies, the harmonic movements.

It started with trying to get into a lot of rock stuff, she says. Slipknot, Korn, Papa Roach, it was that kind of time. Nu-metal was having its day. At about 12, Thackray found a beat-up acoustic at school and somehow already knew what to do with it. It was just really immediate, she says. I could already kind of play it. I sang the riff from Sweet Child O Mine, then I found where the notes were and then I could play it. Someone was like, You mustve been playing a while to be able to play a riff that hard. And I was like, Nah, Ive just picked it up today. I was very ear-led. Id seen that powerchord shape on Kerrang music videos. Oh, theyre doing that shape a lot. I worked it out and it meant I could play riffs. While I was working out what was going on in the music, I was working out how to play it on guitar.

With Kurt Cobains powerchords still reverberating on the airwaves, Nirvana proved a particularly strong influence on Thackray, occasionally to her detriment but then to her advantage. I loved Kurt Cobain, she says. Even though Im ambidextrous, I play lefty. I started playing upside down at first because I didnt know that you werent supposed to do that, so all the shapes I was learning were wrong. Obviously, there are some shapes that you cant do upside down, so I was finding my own way to voice things. At the time, that made it difficult but its given me a different mindset. You dont have to play everything the way everyone else does.

Cobains influence didnt just impact the way Thackray held the guitar but also the foundations of her songwriting. I think his harmonic movement influenced me, she adds. When you look at [Nirvana] stuff on paper, things arent necessarily functional. Its not necessarily a functional harmony. Theres some quite angular stuff. It was like, Oh, you cando that. You dont have to go I, V or I, IV, V. Its about letting the chords be a melodic element. So that powerchord movement, playing a riff, has set up the whole way I think about music.

Thackrays unorthodox approach to harmony saw her flourish in Cardiff, where she moved to study jazz at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama once she turned 18. Throughout her time in the Welsh capital, Thackray kept playing guitar but kept it quiet. I was always playing, she says. I just wasnt really showing people. I was playing just for fun. I wasnt necessarily writing jazz on it, because I didnt feel I was as good at the guitar as I am at trumpet, which is absolutely the case. But I always kept them with me. As I started producing my own music and releasing it, it was a case of, Oh, Im really hearing a guitar sound there

Thackrays first recorded guitar line can be heard on her 2018 debut EP Ley Lines, on laidback jazz number Red Bush, led by brass and bass but backed up by soft, slight, rounded guitar. Its quite quiet, she says, but there is a guitar in it. Thats the first time I ever released something with guitar on it and me playing it. Then on Yellow, theres loads of guitar.

Live band Ben Kelly, Lyle Barton, Dougal Taylor, Thackray and Crispin Robinson prior to the Yellow album release show at Colour Factory, East London

Released in July on Thackrays own Warp Records imprint Movementt, Yellowfulfills all the promises laid down by Ley Linesand more. Its a lavish record, packed with perambulating percussion and rhythmic trickery, wide-ranging vocals, exquisite chord progressions and gnarly harmonic movements alongside disciplined, unobtrusive, gently effected funk and jazz guitar.

Much of the guitar on Yellowcomes courtesy of Thackrays first-ever electric, a cheap right-handed Strat copy copped from Argos and gifted to her by her parents when she was 14. Its a Squier, she thinks. Not that youd know it she chiselled the name off the headstock.

I was a very intense 14-year-old, she says. Maaan, it doesnt matter about brands were all the saaame!, she adds, with mock new-age American affectation. Thackray also took a chisel to the Strats upper horn. I wrote some of my poetry on it and then I was like, Nooo, its too personal, I cant show anyone. I was such a dramatic beret-wearing twat.

Theres drama throughout Yellow too, and Thackray is keen to manufacture more in the wake of its release. Enlivened by rich vocal delay and warm keyboard stabs, hazy summer single Say Somethingis a sun-lit 4/4 toe-tapper that builds to a glorious midpoint crescendo, at which stage the song sidesteps into a slinky 7/4 groove as Thackray, looking every bit the flannel-clad grunge acolyte in the songs video, peels off a long solo on her chiselled Strat or so the video suggests.

On the recording its a synthesiser, she says. Then for the video I thought itd be funny to mime it on guitar. I deliberately mimed some of the phrases to match up so that people wouldnt know. Some of it Im just wagging my fingers, some of it is the actual phrase. I wanted people to question it. I love that kind of stuff. It couldve been stranger still; Thackray initially wanted to mime the part on bassoon but she couldnt find one in time.

From Yellows spiritual artwork by Meagan Boyd to its cosmic, third-eye-opening lyrics, Thackray is earnest in her appreciation of sacred spaces and mindsets, of the metaphysical. But theres a certain mischievousness to Yellowtoo and to Thackray, evident in her playful videos, the samples she drops into her live sets, and her fondness for self-mythologising. When we ask whether she bears any relation to Jake Thackray, another off-beat musician who was born around Leeds and later moved to Wales, shes wry about it.

I dont, she says, smirking. But maybe we should keep the mystery alive and not tell people that? I like being asked that, because hes a bit of a weirdo. How can we lay it out so I dont definitely say, No, Im not?

Even at its most mischievous, though, Yellow is never non-committal in its approach to genres. For the albums jazziest sections, as on the snappy jam About That, Thackray reached not for her Strat but for a more recent acquisition, a semi-hollow T-type built by the Wales-based Revelation and equipped with an Entwistle Nashville Star humbucker and an Entwistle single-coil pickup in the bridge and neck, respectively. It sounds really open and jazzy, she says. Its got kind of between an archtop and a Tele sound. For me, its the perfect jazz tone. About That is probably the jazziest song on Yellow. On that, the Revelation is panned way off to the right, loads of reverb, that kind of pure jazz sound pure guitar, no pedals.

Thackrays favourite guitar part on the album, though, is found on Spectre, the records steadiest and most emotive piece. Its really nice because its just so simple, she says. Its bathed in reverb and thats what brings the atmosphere, this kind of haunting quality. Theres so much reverb but not so much that theres no clarity. You can still hear what Im playing. Its quite ethereal-sounding.

Thackray on stage at Colour Factory with sousaphonist Ben Kelly

That ethereal ambience a chilly contrast to Yellows mostly golden hues was created via a mix of pedals and plugins, including the reverb section of Thackrays Space Echo and the Waves plugin RVerb, to better bed the part into the mix. Alongside reverb, Yellows palette is made up of compressors, a Boss chorus, an Electro-Harmonix POG (Polyphonic Octave Generator) and a Pitch Fork pitch-shifter, and even DIY units picked up from Deptford market. Thackray also keeps a loaded Pedaltrain Nano on which sits a yellow Roland SP-404SX sampler, plus an assortment of other small pedals on hand for live dubs and delays, applied not only to guitar but to trumpet and voice too.

Thackray doesnt see herself as a gear person, her attitude to equipment dictated primarily by money. Its only in the past couple of years that I started making money from doing this, she says. Before, I didnt have another job. I was just doing music but I was living on beans on toast. Crazy-poor. Dodging-the-bills poor. I got an acoustic, just for knocking about with, from Deptford market for like 20 and it was fine. I understand that if you want top-quality stuff youve got to pay top-quality money. But I always felt like this was good enough. The things that are more important for me are the ideas, rather than how good it sounds.

Listen closely to Yellowand youll hear things that sound amiss. But that DIY feel is part of the plan. I think its become part of what people hear when they listen to me, says Thackray. It should sound a bit wonky. If the guitars out of tune, Ive done it on purpose, to bring a certain colour. The Squier in particular sounds fuckin horrible. But sometimes thats what you want. You might try really hard to get that kind of sound with something nice but its right there in that 100 guitar.

Theres little to no crunch on Yellow, especially for an artist weaned on Kerrang TV. The only real dirt youll hear comes from tape manipulation. But the polymaths follow-up sounds like it might crank things up a notch. The stuff Im writing next is a little more rocky, she reveals. But thats not going to be out for at least a year, 18 months or so. Ive already started the next album but its just a start. In the meantime, therell be a few smaller releases to help tide audiences over.

Right now, though, Thackray is up to her trumpet in admin much of it Brexit-related as she prepares to embark on a proper tour in celebration of her debut album in 2022. Yellow is, unsurprisingly, Thackrays favourite colour. But it also holds a surprisingly practical purpose for her: as a visual trigger for meditation. In the same way you might use a singing bowl, a candle or a piece of music, Thackray uses the colour yellow to help her achieve a certain state of mind. She uses scents too.

I use smells, burning different incense to get into a different mental state or creative space, she says. If Im in a project, Ill make different essential oil blends and stuff. For Yellow, I had a certain smell and Id spritz it and that would help me get in the place.

So what does Yellowsmell like? Patchouli, orange and ginger. Judging by the lyrics to Golden Green, biscuits and weed too.

Visit emmajeanthackray.com for more.

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Introducing Emma-Jean Thackray, the British nu-jazz prodigy who owes her guitar style to grunge and nu metal - Guitar.com

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Herd DL Burton heads home with mission in mind – Huntington Herald Dispatch

Country

United States of AmericaUS Virgin IslandsUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsCanadaMexico, United Mexican StatesBahamas, Commonwealth of theCuba, Republic ofDominican RepublicHaiti, Republic ofJamaicaAfghanistanAlbania, People's Socialist Republic ofAlgeria, People's Democratic Republic ofAmerican SamoaAndorra, Principality ofAngola, Republic ofAnguillaAntarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S)Antigua and BarbudaArgentina, Argentine RepublicArmeniaArubaAustralia, Commonwealth ofAustria, Republic ofAzerbaijan, Republic ofBahrain, Kingdom ofBangladesh, People's Republic ofBarbadosBelarusBelgium, Kingdom ofBelizeBenin, People's Republic ofBermudaBhutan, Kingdom ofBolivia, Republic ofBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswana, Republic ofBouvet Island (Bouvetoya)Brazil, Federative Republic ofBritish Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago)British Virgin IslandsBrunei DarussalamBulgaria, People's Republic ofBurkina FasoBurundi, Republic ofCambodia, Kingdom ofCameroon, United Republic ofCape Verde, Republic ofCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChad, Republic ofChile, Republic ofChina, People's Republic ofChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombia, Republic ofComoros, Union of theCongo, Democratic Republic ofCongo, People's Republic ofCook IslandsCosta Rica, Republic ofCote D'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Republic of theCyprus, Republic ofCzech RepublicDenmark, Kingdom ofDjibouti, Republic ofDominica, Commonwealth ofEcuador, Republic ofEgypt, Arab Republic ofEl Salvador, Republic ofEquatorial Guinea, Republic ofEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFaeroe IslandsFalkland Islands (Malvinas)Fiji, Republic of the Fiji IslandsFinland, Republic ofFrance, French RepublicFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabon, Gabonese RepublicGambia, Republic of theGeorgiaGermanyGhana, Republic ofGibraltarGreece, Hellenic RepublicGreenlandGrenadaGuadaloupeGuamGuatemala, Republic ofGuinea, RevolutionaryPeople's Rep'c ofGuinea-Bissau, Republic ofGuyana, Republic ofHeard and McDonald IslandsHoly See (Vatican City State)Honduras, Republic ofHong Kong, Special Administrative Region of ChinaHrvatska (Croatia)Hungary, Hungarian People's RepublicIceland, Republic ofIndia, Republic ofIndonesia, Republic ofIran, Islamic Republic ofIraq, Republic ofIrelandIsrael, State ofItaly, Italian RepublicJapanJordan, Hashemite Kingdom ofKazakhstan, Republic ofKenya, Republic ofKiribati, Republic ofKorea, Democratic People's Republic ofKorea, Republic ofKuwait, State ofKyrgyz RepublicLao People's Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanon, Lebanese RepublicLesotho, Kingdom ofLiberia, Republic ofLibyan Arab JamahiriyaLiechtenstein, Principality ofLithuaniaLuxembourg, Grand Duchy ofMacao, Special Administrative Region of ChinaMacedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic ofMadagascar, Republic ofMalawi, Republic ofMalaysiaMaldives, Republic ofMali, Republic ofMalta, Republic ofMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritania, Islamic Republic ofMauritiusMayotteMicronesia, Federated States ofMoldova, Republic ofMonaco, Principality ofMongolia, Mongolian People's RepublicMontserratMorocco, Kingdom ofMozambique, People's Republic ofMyanmarNamibiaNauru, Republic ofNepal, Kingdom ofNetherlands AntillesNetherlands, Kingdom of theNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaragua, Republic ofNiger, Republic of theNigeria, Federal Republic ofNiue, Republic ofNorfolk IslandNorthern Mariana IslandsNorway, Kingdom ofOman, Sultanate ofPakistan, Islamic Republic ofPalauPalestinian Territory, OccupiedPanama, Republic ofPapua New GuineaParaguay, Republic ofPeru, Republic ofPhilippines, Republic of thePitcairn IslandPoland, Polish People's RepublicPortugal, Portuguese RepublicPuerto RicoQatar, State ofReunionRomania, Socialist Republic ofRussian FederationRwanda, Rwandese RepublicSamoa, Independent State ofSan Marino, Republic ofSao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic ofSaudi Arabia, Kingdom ofSenegal, Republic ofSerbia and MontenegroSeychelles, Republic ofSierra Leone, Republic ofSingapore, Republic ofSlovakia (Slovak Republic)SloveniaSolomon IslandsSomalia, Somali RepublicSouth Africa, Republic ofSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSpain, Spanish StateSri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic ofSt. HelenaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Pierre and MiquelonSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudan, Democratic Republic of theSuriname, Republic ofSvalbard & Jan Mayen IslandsSwaziland, Kingdom ofSweden, Kingdom ofSwitzerland, Swiss ConfederationSyrian Arab RepublicTaiwan, Province of ChinaTajikistanTanzania, United Republic ofThailand, Kingdom ofTimor-Leste, Democratic Republic ofTogo, Togolese RepublicTokelau (Tokelau Islands)Tonga, Kingdom ofTrinidad and Tobago, Republic ofTunisia, Republic ofTurkey, Republic ofTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUganda, Republic ofUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom of Great Britain & N. IrelandUruguay, Eastern Republic ofUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofViet Nam, Socialist Republic ofWallis and Futuna IslandsWestern SaharaYemenZambia, Republic ofZimbabwe

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Herd DL Burton heads home with mission in mind - Huntington Herald Dispatch

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Kaira Jewel Lingo on Trusting the Unknown – Tricycle – Tricycle

Do you have the patience to waitTill your mud settles and the water is clear?Can you remain unmovingTill the right action arises by itself? Lao Tzu

I spent fifteen years as a nun in the Plum Village community of Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh (whom I affectionately call Thay, or teacher in Vietnamese). Often people would ask Thay what to do when facing big life decisions, like which career path to take, whether to separate or stay with their partner, or whether to ordain as a monastic. Thay would often say, Dont try to figure out the answer by thinking about it. In thinking over a question again and again, we do not generally arrive at real wisdom, but we easily tire ourselves out and get even more confused or anxious.

These deeper life questions cant be resolved at the level of the mind, but must be entrusted to a different, deeper part of our consciousness. Thay suggests we consider this big question as a seed, plant it in the soil of our mind and let it rest there. Our mindfulness practice in our daily lives is the sunshine and water that the seed needs to sprout so that one day it will rise up on its own, in its own time. And then well know the answer to our question without a doubt.

But we must leave the seed down in the soil of our mind and not keep digging it up to see if it is growing roots. It wont grow that way! It is the same with a deep and troubling question. We ask our deeper consciousness to take care of it, and then let go of our thinking and worrying about it. Then in our daily lives we practice calming, resting, and coming home to ourselves in the present moment and that will help the seed of our question to ripen naturally and authentically. This process cannot be rushed or forced. It may take weeks, months, or years. But we can trust that the seed is down there, being tended to by our deeper consciousness, and one day it will sprout into a clear answer.

In Buddhist psychology this part of our mind is called store consciousness. This is because it has the function of storing our memories and all the various mind states we can experience in latent, sleeping form. For example, maybe youve experienced trying to solve a problem or find an answer to something that perplexes you. You think hard and circle round and round in your mind, but you feel you dont get anywhere. Then you let the question go, and suddenly when you least expect it, inspiration or helpful ideas come to you in a time of rest, and you just know what to do. That is store consciousness operating. It is working on the problem for you while your day-to-day consciousness rests. Store consciousness works in a very natural and easeful way and is much more efficient than our thinking mind. When wisdom arises from store consciousness, it feels right in the body and we no longer have doubts.

But waiting for the answer to arise can be challenging at times because we may really want to know the answer. We may find ourselves feeling deeply insecure and fearful if we dont know what to do, which path to choose. We worry we will make the wrong choice and we catastrophize about what will happen if we take this or that direction. Its hard to find our way if we continue to feed this worry and fear. We can recognize that we are not helping the situation and stop. Returning to this moment, anchoring ourselves in our body, we will find the solidity of the home inside of us, which is capable of helping us find our way, if only we let it, and if we can let go of trying to figure out the future in our heads.

Some years ago, I was trying to discern whether or not to leave the monastic life after having lived basically all of my adult life, from age twenty-five to forty, as a nun. During that time, I attended silent retreats at the Insight Meditation Society in Massachusetts, or IMS, for several years in a row that were six weeks or three months long. These retreats were times outside of time, weeks when I could not leave the grounds and take action, but just had to stay home with myself. Being in silence, social interaction was limited, and I had the luxury of time to look closely at myself and do nothing. It was an important time of pause, to look deeply, to return home to myself and let my own consciousness take its time to find the way.

When I decided to ordain as a nun at age twenty-five, in my heart I was making a lifelong commitment. So it was painful and confusing to find myself questioning this vow that I had assumed would carry me through my entire life. In that time of transition, I didnt know who I was anymore and had no idea who I might become. I was in the midst of a process, like the caterpillar that must dissolve itself completely in the chrysalis to become a butterfly. It was terrifying and extremely uncomfortable when I wanted answers and clarity, when I was used to knowing who I was and where I was going.

Joseph Goldstein was one of my interview teachers on these retreats at IMS and when I shared how distressing it was to find myself with no solid ground under me whatsoever, he mentioned Alan Watts book, The Wisdom of Insecurity. It points out that when we are clear and sure about what we are doing, we cannot be open to the many other possibilities available. But when we let ourselves hang out in the space of not-knowing, there is enormous potential and life could unfold in innumerable ways. So, rather than avoid and fear this place of uncertainty, we can embrace it and all its gifts.

When we are clear and sure about what we are doing, we cannot be open to the many other possibilities available.

What I found on these long silent retreats was not an answer to my dilemma of whether to disrobe or continue as a nun, but rather the ability to dwell more and more comfortably in the condition of not-knowing. I learned to allow the seed of my question to rest in the deeper layers of my consciousness. I was able to touch peace, joy, and wellbeing in the midst of not-knowing, in the midst of awkwardness and confusion. I learned to let go of fear and resistance right in the midst of dissolving and losing my identity.

By slowing down, choosing to rest back into the uncertainty rather than fighting it, I was able to touch into a sense of space, precisely in moments when it felt like there was no way to keep going, and I would be totally overwhelmed. If we can breathe in and out, putting our mind completely on our breathing, or feel our bodies and put all of our attention on the sensations in the body, we can create that space. We slow things down and let our nervous system recalibrate and center. The external situation may not change, but weve changed in relation to our external situation. If we can stop, we have the chance to touch into something deeper than overwhelm. This practice of pausing, or stopping, helps the seed of our question to mature and ripen into the guidance and direction we need.

In a sense, our culture, our society is dissolving. We are collectively entering the chrysalis, and structures we have come to rely on and identify with are breaking down and we dont know what the next phase will be like. We are in the cocoon. Learning to surrender in our own lives is essential to our collective learning to move through this time of faster and faster change, disruption, and breakdown.

***

To begin the practice, find a comfortable position, sitting, standing, or lying. Connect with your body and how its making contact with the chair or the floor. Allow yourself to rest back in some way and really feel the support of whatever is holding you. . . Every time you breathe out, let your body rest even more into the support of the earth.

Allow your face to soften, releasing the forehead, the muscles around the eyes, the jaw. . .

Let the tongue rest in the mouth. . .

Be aware of the shoulders and as you breathe out, let the shoulders soften. . .

Bring attention to the chest and belly, allow them to release and soften on the next exhale. . .

Notice your arms and hands, with the next exhale let them grow a little heavier, releasing tension. . .

Feel your legs and feet, as you exhale release, soften and let go. . .

Feel your whole body now as you inhale and exhale, allowing the whole body to soften and release its weight even more onto the earth. . .

Now bring to mind some question or challenge you may have right now notice how you feel about it, and the pull that may be there to resolve it. . . Without trying to figure out an answer or solution, see this question or challenge as a seed you are entrusting to the soil of your mind, down in its depths. . . just allow it to lie there, peacefully, quietly. . . let yourself rest back into the unknown, inviting your body to just slightly, actually lean back a tiny bit. . . let yourself reconnect with the feeling of being held by the earth. . . you can rest on the earth, just as this question can rest in the depths of your mind. . . while it may be scary not to know, there is also infinite possibility here. . . take a few deep breaths. . . feel your body, settling, present. . . and give the seed permission to take the time it needs to ripen into an answer. . . trust your own consciousness to show you the way when the time is right.

You may like to practice,

The Buddha is in meI have confidence

And if its helpful, you are welcome to practice it along with your breathing,

Breathing in, the Buddha is in me,Breathing out, I have confidence

It means the capacity of awakening is your nature. You can trust in this.

Let yourself breathe and open to this truth of your own ability to access presence, wisdom, patience, ease, even in the midst of uncertainty. You can do this.

Trust, resilience, wisdom is my nature,I have confidence.

I entrust myself, I entrust myself, to the earth, to the earth, and she entrusts herself to me. Plum Village song

***

You can bring this quality of resting back into your daily life. When you notice yourself leaning into the future, tensing up, trying to predict what will happen, straining to figure out what to do, whether on your own or with others, see if you can actually physically rest back. Open up the front of your chest, let your arms hang by your sides, and lean backwards slightly. This can support your mind to rest back, release and let be, even for a short moment and to whatever degree you are able.

Excerpted from We Were Made for These Times by Kaira Jewel Lingo (2021) with permission of Parallax Press.

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I Took a Deep Dive Into Zo Kravitz’s Outfits, and Now I Need These 8 Basics – Yahoo Lifestyle

If there's anyone who has mastered the art of wardrobe basics, it's Zo Kravitz. The actress has been on my Pinterest boards and Tumblr mood boards for as long as I've been interested in celebrity style, and I've yet to tire of her simple yet effortlessly cool outfits. If you've been keeping up with all things Kravitz, you'd know that she's been stepping out in New York (with boyfriend Channing Tatum, no less) in outfits that have been making the internet lose its mindthis editor included.

While 2021 Zo Kravitz is a total vibe, taking a look at her recent street style has inspired me to do a deep dive into the archives of some of her all-time best ensembles. After spending the morning going through tons of street style imagery, I've decided that, in order to emulate her incredibly simple yet chic vibe, I need to stock up on a handful of specific basics. Nothing about Kravitz's style is particularly revolutionary, but there's something so refreshing about the way she styles her wardrobe classics, and she's inspiring me to revisit mine.

Ahead, take a look at my list of the best Zo Kravitzinspired basics, complete with shopping options I'm considering for each one.

On Kravitz: The Row boots

The Row Leather Ankle Boots ($1490)

Who What Wear Sowyer Platform Chelsea Boot ($149)

Musse & Cloud Biena Platform Chelsea Bootie ($135)

On Kravitz: The Row shirt, pants, shoes, and bag

Mango Pocket Modal Shirt ($80)

Zara Satin Effect Poplin Shirt Special Edition ($70)

Topshop Oversize Cotton Poplin Button-Up Shirt ($56)

On Kravitz: The Row skirt and sandals; Telfar bag; Oliver Peoples x The Row sunglasses

Kes Eve Rib Tank Top ($120)

BP Crop Ribbed Tank ($19)

Amo Long Rib Tank ($85)

On Kravtiz: Saint Laurent loafers; Prada coat

Saint Laurent Adrien Leather Penny Loafers ($695)

Vagabond Shoemakers Alex Loafers ($160)

Miista Crimsom Loafers ($410)

Story continues

Who What Wear Collection Brianna Midi Slip Skirt ($95)

Raey Dip-Hem Silk-Satin Midi Slip Skirt ($225)

The Drop Maya Silky Slip Skirt ($45)

Mango Lapels Wool Coat ($230)

Isabel Marant toile Lojima Double-Breasted Wool-Blend Coat ($870)

H&M Long Coat ($70)

On Kravitz: The Row sandals

Urban Outfitters MLB Baseball Hat ($29)

Totme Wool-Blend Baseball Cap ($260)

Madewell Broken In Baseball Cap ($30)

Sporty & Rich Logo-Embroidered Cotton-Blend Hoodie ($155)

Tna by Aritzia Cozy Fleece Perfect Hoodie ($70)

Hanes Heavyweight Pullover Hoodie ($17)

Up next, see the 33 cool Nordstrom finds I'm recommending to anyone who will listen.

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Goldman Sachs-backed digital bank Starling expects to go public within two years – CNBC

Starling Bank CEO Anne Boden.

Starling Bank

LONDON British digital bank Starling expects to go public in two years' time, CEO and founder Anne Boden said Tuesday.

An initial public offering is "a year or two off," Boden told reporters. "It's at least one year away. But we're talking about one or two years away."

Starling, which counts Goldman Sachs, Fidelity Investments and Qatar's sovereign wealth fund as investors, is one of the U.K.'s leading challenger banks.

Along with other start-up competitors like Monzo and Revolut, Starling has attracted millions of users through only an app and a linked payment card no physical branches.

Boden said Starling's IPO was likely to take place in London, where the company is headquartered.

"I very much hope we can do it in London," she said. "I think that would be the default option, unless we're persuaded otherwise."

A stock market debut for Starling would add to a series of high-profile floats in the U.K.'s fledgling technology sector.

Fellow fintech firm Wise listed directly on the London Stock Exchange at an $11 billion valuation earlier this year. Food delivery giant Deliveroo had less success with its IPO, with shares sinking as much as 30% on the first day of trading.

Though Britain has produced successful tech companies like Google-owned artificial intelligence firm DeepMind and Arm, the chip designer being sold by SoftBank to Nvidia, it has yet to mint publicly-listed tech companies of a scale matching that of those in the U.S. or China.

Founded in 2014, Starling began life offering fee-free checking accounts through an app. It has since branched into lending and business banking, both of which helped the company break even recently.

The early days of Starling were marred by a bitter dispute between Boden and co-founder Tom Blomfield, who left to start rival online bank Monzo. The spat was the subject of a book released by Boden last year, called "Banking On It."

"It occurred to me that, up until now, I'd always marked our progress against Monzo, since they were our rival challenger bank and had launched at almost the same time," Boden said in a new print version of her book, which is due to be released Thursday.

"The extraordinary experiences of the year 2020 made it clearer than ever that our competitors are now Lloyds, Barclays et al."

Still, the challengers remain some way away from stealing significant market share from much larger incumbents. Starling, which was last privately valued at $1.5 billion, made 97.6 million ($133.2 million) in 2019, a figure that pales in comparison to that of traditional lenders like HSBC, Barclays and NatWest.

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What is Cloud Computing? | Oracle India

There are three types of clouds: public, private, and hybrid. Each type requires a different level of management from the customer and provides a different level of security.

In a public cloud, the entire computing infrastructure is located on the premises of the cloud provider, and the provider delivers services to the customer over the internet. Customers do not have to maintain their own IT and can quickly add more users or computing power as needed. In this model, multiple tenants share the cloud providers IT infrastructure.

A private cloud is used exclusively by one organization. It could be hosted at the organizations location or at the cloud providers data center. A private cloud provides the highest level of security and control.

As the name suggests, a hybrid cloud is a combination of both public and private clouds. Generally, hybrid cloud customers host their business-critical applications on their own servers for more security and control, and store their secondary applications at the cloud providers location.

The main difference between hybrid cloud and multicloud is the use of multiple cloud computing and storage devices in a single architecture.

There are three main types of cloud services: software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Theres no one-size-fits-all approach to cloud; its more about finding the right solution to support your business requirements.

SaaS is a software delivery model in which the cloud provider hosts the customers applications at the cloud providers location. The customer accesses those applications over the internet. Rather than paying for and maintaining their own computing infrastructure, SaaS customers take advantage of subscription to the service on a pay-as-you-go basis.

Many businesses find SaaS to be the ideal solution because it enables them to get up and running quickly with the most innovative technology available. Automatic updates reduce the burden on in-house resources. Customers can scale services to support fluctuating workloads, adding more services or features they grow. A modern cloud suite provides complete software for every business need, including customer experience, customer relationship management, customer service, enterprise resource planning, procurement, financial management, human capital management, talent management, payroll, supply chain management, enterprise planning, and more.

PaaS gives customers the advantage of accessing the developer tools they need to build and manage mobile and web applications without investing inor maintainingthe underlying infrastructure. The provider hosts the infrastructure and middleware components, and the customer accesses those services via a web browser.

To aid productivity, PaaS solutions need to have ready-to-use programming components that allow developers to build new capabilities into their applications, including innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The right PaaS offering also should include solutions for analysts, end users, and professional IT administrators, including big data analytics, content management, database management, systems management, and security.

IaaS enables customers to access infrastructure services on an on-demand basis via the internet. The key advantage is that the cloud provider hosts the infrastructure components that provide compute, storage, and network capacity so that subscribers can run their workloads in the cloud. The cloud subscriber is usually responsible for installing, configuring, securing, and maintaining any software on the cloud native solutions, such as database, middleware, and application software.

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Cloud Computing Architecture – javatpoint

As we know, cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and event-driven architecture.

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -

The below diagram shows the architecture of cloud computing -

The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices.

The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

There are the following components of cloud computing architecture -

1. Client Infrastructure

Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud.

2. Application

The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.

3. Service

A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the clients requirement.

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

i. Software as a Service (SaaS) It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly, SaaS applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to download and install these applications. Some important example of SaaS is given below

Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite similar to SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of any platform.

Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift.

iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) It is also known as cloud infrastructure services. It is responsible for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime environments.

Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco Metapod.

4. Runtime Cloud

Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.

5. Storage

Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.

6. Infrastructure

It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to support the cloud computing model.

7. Management

Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish coordination between them.

8. Security

Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security mechanism in the back end.

9. Internet

The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and communicate with each other.

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10 Future Cloud Computing Trends To Watch In 2021

Cloud computing, which underpinned the worlds economy, global supply chains and remote workforces during the coronavirus pandemic, will continue to be an essential target for organizations looking for increased scalability, business continuity and cost efficiency in 2021.

The effects of COVID-19 will linger throughout 2021, as businesses will look to lay a foundation for increased agility, said Dustin Milberg, field chief technology officer for cloud services at InterVision, a Santa Clara, Calif.-based IT service provider and AWS Premier Consulting Partner. Cloud will take a key focus in this goal, given its benefits of improved accessibility, scalability and flexibility.

But those companies who view cloud as a journey and not a destination will see more success, according to Milberg.

This is because simply getting to the cloud doesnt automatically mean youll see improved performance and spending, he said. Instead, cloud is an iterative process of optimization and creating security by design to match your companys goals, both now and in the long term.

Enterprises technology needs have increased in complexity over the past year, as workplaces quickly became decentralized during the pandemic, with remote workers across the globe, noted Steve Miller-Jones, vice president of edge strategy and solution architecture at Limelight Networks, a Scottsdale, Ariz.-based content delivery network (CDN) service provider.

At the same time, exciting new technologies are making it easier to instantly generate, process and analyze data for better business performance, he said. These operational demands are shifting how businesses leverage cloud computing.

Heres a look at some of the cloud computing trends expected to loom large in 2021.

Global Public Cloud Infrastructure Market Hits $120B

The global public cloud infrastructure market will grow 35 percent to $120 billion in 2021, as the cloud continues to take center stage in the recovery from the pandemic, according to Forrester Research.

The aggressive move to cloud, already proceeding at a healthy clip before the pandemic, will spike in 2021, yielding even greater enterprise adoption, cloud provider revenue and business value, the Cambridge, Mass.-based market research company said in its Predictions 2021 report.

Forrester previously forecast the public cloud infrastructure market would increase 28 percent to $113.1 billion next year.

The percentage of worldwide IT spending thats dedicated to the cloud will continue to accelerate in 2021. Gartner, the Stamford, Conn.-based research and advisory firm, projects that worldwide public cloud spending by end-users will grow 18 percent next year to $304.9 billion, up from $257.5 billion this year.

The pandemic validated clouds value proposition, Sid Nag, research vice president at Gartner, said in a report this week. The ability to use on-demand, scalable cloud models to achieve cost efficiency and business continuity is providing the impetus for organizations to rapidly accelerate their digital business transformation plans. The increased use of public cloud services has reinforced cloud adoption to be the new normal now more than ever.

While software as a service (SaaS) still will be the largest market segment for end-user cloud IT spending its expected to grow approximately 16 percent to $117.8 billion -- application infrastructure services (PaaS) is expected to grow at a higher 26.6 percent rate to about $55.5 billion, according to Gartner. The growth in PaaS will be driven by remote workforces continued need to access to high-performing and scalable infrastructure via modernized and cloud-native applications, it said.

The cloud is being used to facilitate much of our remote work environments, so companies will continue to migrate workloads and begin using more PaaS resources to take maximum financial advantage of these somewhat forced changes, said George Burns III, senior consultant for cloud operations at SPR, a Chicago-based technology modernization firm.

Cloud system infrastructure services (IaaS) spending is projected to increase 26.9 percent to $65.3 billion.

Reshuffling Of The Big Three Cloud Providers

There will be a reshuffling of the top three public cloud providers in 2021, with Chinas Alibaba Cloud displacing Google Cloud to take the No. 3 spot for revenue in the global public cloud infrastructure market. behind No.1 Amazon Web Services and Microsoft, according to Forrester.

Alibabas cloud computing revenue grew 59 percent year-over-year to $2.19 billion for the quarter that ended Sept. 30, driven by the acceleration in digitalization across industries and businesses of all sizes in China, the company disclosed this month. Revenue from customers in the internet, finance and retail industries were the primary growth drivers.

Google Clouds revenue -- which includes sales from Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) productivity tools and other enterprise cloud services increased to $3.44 billion, compared to $2.38 billion in the same quarter last year.

Google (Cloud) establishes itself as an enterprise-friendly cloud as the work it has put into ERP (enterprise resource planning) workloads, analytics and account management pay off in 2021, said Hyoun Park, CEO and chief analyst at Amalgam Insights, a technology advisory firm in Berkeley, Calif.

Amalgam expects Google Cloud to achieve healthy 40-plus percent growth next year.

(Google Cloud CEO) Thomas Kurian has had a strong two-year run so farin translating Googles technology into defined enterprise products, services and relationships, he said.

Amalgam, which estimates AWS has more revenue than its next three largest competitors combined, expects AWS revenue will grow less than the combination of Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure in 2021.

This is great news for the business world, as it means that the cloud market is finally a competitive one rather than Amazon vs. the dwarves, Park said.

AWS will further its progress in providing services for operations management, building on top of communications, messaging, and operations services such as Amazon Chime, Amazon Simple Queue Service, AWS Chatbot and AWS RoboMaker, according to Park said.

Although AWS provides the technology to scale, the larger Amazon company has a combination of processes, operations and logistics that have led to meteoric growth, he said. AWS is in a position to share more of the Amazon core DNA as services and software to further grow the AWS business.

Microsoft, meanwhile, will exceed $25 billion in Azure cloud revenue in fiscal year 2021 -- driven by secular market demand for cloud and partner trust that Amazon and Google cannot match -- and finally break out Azure revenue in its annual reports, Park projected.

Edge Is the New Cloud

Edge is the new cloud, and new edge vendors will trim 5 points from public cloud growth next year, according to Forresters predictions.

In 2021, we will see new business models emerge that facilitate the deployment of edge, efforts by cloud platforms to compete, and AI and 5G facilitating the expansion of edge use cases, Forrester said.

Large vendors including Dell, HPE, IBM and Intel are doubling down on the edge with cloud-like solutions deployable to anywhere, according to Forrester, and content delivery networks and data center colocation vendors are offering edge compute services across hundreds or thousands of local points of presence.

Over the next three years, buyers will shift their cloud strategies toward the edge to capture all this innovation and become more connected, Forrester said. While public clouds will play a part, we do not think they will dominate, as their culture is based on massive data centers and tight control of the architecture -- the exact opposite of what firms need to serve customers locally.

While the centralized cloud isnt going anywhere, developments in serverless computing models and the creation of distributed service layers around the cloud are powering new real-time IT applications, according to Miller-Jones.

Enterprises are looking to the network edge to bridge the gap between the centralized cloud and end-users, providing low-latency application and content performance for all users, wherever they are working from, Miller-Jones said. Integrating a distributed edge strategy within a broader cloud computing effort is key to continued innovation in 2021, he said. Environments at the network edge that scale when needed, are instantly accessible and that are consumed as a service are key developments in this new paradigm.

Miller-Jones pointed to two pivotal ways the network edge will transform and expand cloud computing next year.

By integrating the network edge into their cloud strategy, developers have the ability to easily deploy services at the edge without having to be concerned with the operational overhead of managing more infrastructure, he said. With integrated development and deployment pipelines, developers can move application services and functions from the cloud into network edge locations. This will help create more responsive and dynamic applications.

In 2021, Miller-Jones also expects to see a bigger emphasis on enterprise network edge security and protecting users, services, applications and data, as enterprises embrace distributed application environments.

Achieving high levels of security throughout the network edge and into the last-mile of distribution is a key challenge for the enterprise and will be enabled by security services at the network edge, he said.

Artificial Intelligence Engineering

Organizations need a strong artificial intelligence (AI) engineering strategy to ensure their AI projects dont fail, Gartner said in its Top Strategic Technology Trends for 2021 report.

Without AI engineering, most organizations will fail to move AI projects beyond proofs of concept and prototypes to full-scale production, Gartner said.

AI projects often are not successful because of maintainability, scalability and governance issues, but a strong AI engineering strategy will help the performance, scalability, interpretability and reliability of AI models while delivering the full value of AI investments, according to Gartner.

AI engineering makes AI a part of the mainstream DevOps process rather than a set of specialized and isolated projects.

AI engineering stands on three core pillars: DataOps, ModelOps and DevOps, Gartner said. DevOps deals mainly with high-speed code changes, but AI projects experience dynamic changes in code, models and data, and all must be improved. Organizations must apply DevOps principles across the data pipeline for DataOps and the machine learning (ML) model pipeline for MLOps to reap the benefits of AI engineering.

In terms of governance and AI engineering, responsible AI is emerging as an umbrella term for certain aspects of AI implementations to deal with AI risk, trust, transparency, ethics, fairness, interpretability, accountability, safety and compliance, according to Gartner.

Responsible AI signifies the move from declarations and principles to the operationalization of AI accountability at the organizational and societal levels, it said.

Multi-Cloud And Joint Cloud Provider Offerings

Next year will see the beginnings of multi-cloud and joint provider cloud offerings, as providers realize they can partner to accelerate go-to-market launches, capitalize on mutual strengths and take on the 800-pound gorilla that is AWS, according to Park.

This idea was anathema to cloud providers for most of the 2010s, as the goal of having a cloud platform was theoretically to be the one and only platform that a company uses, Park said. However, as multi-cloud environments have started to develop, vendor competition has evolved and massive cloud markets continue to exist, cloud vendors must reconsider how they go to market.

The Oracle-Microsoft interconnect relationship that started in June of 2019 is an example of a relationship that could be expanded to take advantage of Oracles networking and Microsofts ML capabilities, Young said.

Rivals Microsoft and Oracle last year announced they were linking their clouds to allow joint customers to migrate and run their enterprise application workloads across Microsoft Azure and Oracle Cloud. The move was seen as a bid by Redmond, Wash.-based Microsoft -- the No. 2 cloud provider -- and Redwood City, Calif., cloud underdog Oracle to better compete against AWS.

Going Serverless

Serverless is the next evolution from monolithic application architecture after service-oriented architecture and micro-services architectures, said Derek Swanson, chief technology officer of Needham, Mass.-based Silk, whose cloud data platform enables companies to adopt hybrid cloud.

Serverless was among the top five fastest-growing PaaS cloud services for 2020, according to the Flexera 2020 State of the Cloud report.

Serverless is a true cloud computing paradigm, and it is hard to overstate how much it will impact how much cloud is consumed going forward, Swanson said. It is such a compelling model, that applications will be designed and developed going forward to work with serverless, rather than serverless being developed to work with the way we currently develop applications.

The industry already is on this journey with containers and cloud-hosted common applications as they drive the need for applications to be made up of smaller components that can be given different treatments, including running in different locations, according to Swanson.

Serverless is a boon for developers of all kinds, he said.

Up until now, having knowledge of AWS, Azure or GCP capabilities was a key requirement of a cloud application developer, he said. These resources were in high demand. Going forward, this level of detailed knowledge is mooted by serverless, with the serverless interface in cloud becoming the interface developers interact with, not the lower-level interfaces.

Automated Cloud Orchestration And Optimization

Cloud platforms will continue to develop automated cloud orchestration and optimization as the complexity of managing both the quantity and quality of interconnected services across applications and services overwhelms even the savviest of IT organizations, according to Park.

Automated service and performance management must be one of the most important aspects of choosing a cloud provider in 2021, as companies may have to manage a hundred or more services from a single cloud provider, Park said.

The Growth Of SASE Adoption

While its at the peak of Gartners Hype Cycle, secure access service edge (SASE) will continue to gain adoption as organizations move past the quick response measures they enacted this year for their massive and unexpected increase in remote worker connectivity, according to Derek Brost, director of professional services for security and compliance at InterVision.

Pronounced sassy and primarily delivered as a cloud-based service, SASE is a network architecture that combines software-defined WAN capabilities and cloud-native network security services including zero-trust network access, secure web gateways, cloud access security brokers and firewalls as a service.

Many IT networking groups unfortunately found the strain and limits of their remote access VPN concentrators and, even after overcoming or addressing those breaking points, they next coped with emerging issues in their bandwidth constraints, lack of network segmentation, weakness in endpoint security solutions and myriad untrusted devices connecting to sensitive corporate systems, Brost said. Wise IT groups will budget and start planning for a more converged and integrated cloud-based approach to remote device, workforce and distributed security technology.

Perfect Storm Of Data Privacy And Cloud Migration

The combination of the coronavirus pandemic and an increase in cloud infrastructure will create the perfect storm for data governance and compliance in 2021, according to Balaji Ganesan, co-founder and CEO of Privacera, a data governance and security solution provider, and co-founder of Apache Ranger.

Organizations will continue to initiate projects to ensure secure data migration to the cloud -- i.e. encryption of all data that is required by the enterprise data governance team before their IT or data teams are allowed to move data from on premises to the cloud, Ganesan said.

In 2021, data governance will become an ever more prevalent topic for CIOs, CISOs, and CDOs to ensure responsible use and availability of cloud data, he said.

Next year will spell the end of what Ganesan called the wild west of information sharing. Regulatory legislation around the world will move toward increased control of personally identifiable information (PII) data to safeguard consumer privacy, as countries increasingly following the lead of the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

The latest politicization of coronavirus data -- combined with the manually and bot-assisted dissemination of information and misinformation based on personal data leveraged out of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter --portends the end of the wild west of personal information on the internet and will begin a new era of consumer privacy, Ganesan said.

Standalone data security and governance tools finally will become an integral part of mission-critical business processes, according to Ganesan.

In 2021, security, privacy and governance will be embedded early in business processes, he said. Developers and technical teams will incorporate these requirements early when building new systems. IT teams will invest in tools to provide secure access to data while balancing ease of use and performance. As a result, data security, governance, privacy would become table stakes in all IT strategy.

Increased Cloud Management And Cost Containment Challenges

For many enterprises, moving workloads to the cloud has greatly improved some operational efficiencies and collaboration, but it has also proven costly.

We are seeing that customers are much too immature in their skills sets and are using their cloud infrastructure in an inefficient manner compared to how they use their traditional legacy infrastructure, Swanson said. In fact, cloud wastage is a problem that hinders cloud adoption. Operational inefficiencies are still too great, and customers are not seeing the cost curves being bent down, but staying at a 1:1 ratio.

Beyond cloud waste, system platform and management vendors want to be relevant to the rapidly growing cloud computing market, and they understand that managing and operating cloud computing is a new operating paradigm that requires new platforms and tools, according to Swanson.

While many new companies have sprung up dedicated entirely around cloud cost control, look for these tools to become consolidated and extended natively into production application stacks, as vendors look to make their offerings more appealing through built-in cloud efficiency and cost-management elements, he said.

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