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Against the backdrop of multiple challenges faced by the industry in recent years, the industrial internet of things (IoT) may provide needed hybrid cloud and fog computing to analyze huge amounts of sensitive data from sensors and actuators to monitor oil rigs and wells closely, thereby better managing global oil production. Improved quality of service is possible with the fog computing because it can alleviate challenges that a standard isolated cloud cannot handle.

Recently, the petroleum industry has faced critical challenges including oil price volatility, dramatically increased environmental regulations, the COVID-19 outbreak, and digital solutions to cybersecurity challenges. Oil and gas deals with a huge amount of data requiring an immediate response, with the flow of data generated by the IoT in all domains: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The vast amount of data and different types of IoT will create a barrier to holistic evaluation that does not depend on machine learning and artificial intelligence. Currently, the cloud solves that problem by processing data and applying artificial intelligence and machine learning, along with other applications. However, the cloud cannot work efficiently with such enormous sets of data and produce actions in a limited time because of the physical distance between the IoT and a centralized cloud will increase latency. In addition, cyberattack challenges to the IoTs and the degree of damage to the environment and equipment can halt operations, which can be circumvented using the fog and cloud. These challenges demonstrate that the current architecture cannot handle the large number of endpoint devices and data in a way that effectively provides significant protection to the system.

The fog model has several advantages over the cloud model, including close proximity to endpoints. The fog connects cyberphysical social systems to cloud computing centers and has the potential to lower the bandwidth and strain of industrial clouds. Cloud computing is a critical paradigm for managing all types of calculations, including those that were previously considered insignificant. However, when the task must be completed in real time with a very low latency, the cloud can become ineffective. As a result, fog computing was created to supplement the cloud. Traditional and fog computing are employed to increase the performance of industrial IoT-based applications. When the fog is unable to complete an operation independently because of capacity constraints, heavy computations must be offloaded to the cloud.

Fog computing is thought to be more cost-effective than cloud computing in time-critical applications such as health care because of its decreased latency, and, in some situations, the spare capacity of locally accessible resources.

Fog computing is a novel paradigm for computation that can be represented as the link between the cloud and the networks edge, where it provides computing, communication, control, and storage. The decentralized platform differs from previous traditional, architectural computational methods because the fog computing environment connects resources, including people, to improve the quality of life by running cyberphysical social applications on network edge processing resources.

Fog Nodes or Microdata Centers (MDCs). Such applications can gather and analyze data from local microdata centers by fog computing. Local data processing and analysis are carried out by the MDC to limit the amount of data transferred to a centralized cloud, reduce network latency, and enhance overall performance, especially for time-sensitive services such as connected cars and health monitoring. In order to reduce network congestion, bandwidth consumption, and delay for user requests, MDCs typically are placed between data sources and the cloud data center. The MDC handles most user requests instead of forwarding them to centralized and remote cloud data centers.

Smart Gateway. Because it permits communication between the network layer and the ubiquitous sensor network layer, a smart gateway is an important component of industrial IoT applications. IoT gateways are communication points that connect lower-end users who operate in influential data centers, connect the many devices in use, and perform a variety of functions to complete the computing purpose. The gate is solely used to receive sensor data, incorporate it, and then send it to the cloud for processing.

Virtual Servers. Fog computing has developed as a response to the massive amounts of data being transmitted to cloud servers and the severe latency and bandwidth limits that come with it. As an intermediary computing layer between cloud servers and IoT devices, it distributes numerous heterogeneous fog servers. Fog servers contain fewer resources than cloud servers, but, because they can be accessible over a local area network, they offer better bandwidth and reduced latency for industrial IoT devices.

Management Subsystem. Fog computing optimizes task execution and management system by achieving a balance of attention between resources and tasks. Load balancing is an important resource-management method that can be used in conjunction with task management to produce a reliable system.

Storage Subsystem. The fundamental objective of the industrial IoT is to acquire correct data in real time and then respond quickly and appropriately to provide desired results. Fog and edge computing have been used to help solve these problems and enhance service quality and user experience by effectively distributing data storage and processing across multiple locations physically close to the data source.

Fog computing architectures are built on fog clusters that combine the processing of several fog devices. Data centers, on the other hand, are the clouds primary physical components, with high operational costs and energy usage. The fog-computing paradigm consumes less energy and has lower operating expenses. Because the fog is closer to the user, the distance between users and fog devices could be one or a few hops.

The clouds communication latency is always higher than the fogs because of distance. The fog relies upon a more-distributed strategy based on geographical orchestration, whereas the cloud represents a more-centralized approach. Because of its high latency, the cloud does not allow for real-time contact; however, fog computing can alleviate this problem easily. On the other hand, the fog has a high failure rate because of its dependence upon wireless connectivity, decentralized management, and power outages. When the software is not managed properly, these devices can fail.

Drawbacks of the cloud-based model include the following:

The fogs dispersed design safeguards linked systems from the cloud to the device by placing computing, storage, networking, and communications closer to the services and data sources, offering an extra layer of security. Fog nodes protect cloud-based industrial IoT and fog-based services by executing a variety of security tasks on any number of networked devices, even the tiniest and most resource-constrained ones. For managing and upgrading security credentials, malware detection, and timely software patch distribution at scale, the fog provides a trusted distributed platform and execution environment for applications and services, as shown in Fig. 1.

By detecting, verifying, and reporting assaults, the fog provides reliable communication and enhanced security. If a security breach is discovered, the fog can detect and isolate risks quickly by monitoring the security status of surrounding devices. Blockchain deployments to low-cost IoT endpoints are possible using the fog. If multiple power generators are attacked using malware, the fogs node-based root-of-trust capabilities allows operations managers to remotely isolate and shut down affected generators. This ensures that service interruptions are minimized. If hackers attempt to take control of a smart factory by exploiting a vulnerability in assembly-line equipment, the domains are protected by fog nodes. Traffic is monitored from the internet into the distributed fog network and uses machine learning in the local environment to detect a potential assault once it has been recognized.

Based on a literature review of the use of the fog paradigm in health-care, smart cities, industrial automation, and smart-connected vehicles, great potential for fog computing exists in the petroleum industry. It is an open-architecture methodology that allows industrial IoT 5G and artificial-intelligence advancement. Fog nodes protect cloud-based IoT and fog-based services by executing a variety of security tasks on any number of networked devices. The benefits of using fog computing in the petroleum industry are latency reduction, improved response time, enhanced compliance, increased security, greater data privacy, reduced cost of bandwidth, overall increase in speed and efficiency, less reliance on wide-area-network services, greater up-time of critical systems, and enhanced services for remote locations.

Fig. 1Securing industrial IoT through fog computing.

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206067, The Role of Hybrid IoT With Cloud Computing and Fog Computing in Helping the Oil and Gas Industry Recover From COVID-19 and Face Future Challenges, by Ethar H.K. Alkamil, SPE, University of Basrah; Ammar A. Mutlag, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; and Haider W. Alsaffar, SPE, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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IoT With Cloud and Fog Computing Can Help Industry Recovery, Advancement - Journal of Petroleum Technology

Were seeing tremendous growth of multicloud approaches as organizations look for the best provider fit to solve their specific challenges. This trend will only continue to gain momentum as multicloud becomes the prevailing cloud strategy for businesses.

PHILADELPHIA (PRWEB) January 31, 2022

Developers increasingly rely on multiple cloud providers for their infrastructure needs. Thats the finding from research conducted by SlashData. The 21st edition of the global Developer Nation survey, which asked nearly 3,500 backend services developers which providers they turn to for their cloud infrastructure, found that one out of every four respondents (27%) uses an alternative cloud provider like Linode, DigitalOcean, or OVHcloud. The survey results also found that usage of alternative cloud providers has nearly doubled over the past four years, a period in which usage of the three largest hyperscalers, AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), only grew by 18%.

As the cloud market continues to boom Gartner predicts global cloud revenue to total $474 billion in 2022 more organizations are seeking out cloud providers that cater to their specific needs, beyond the complex and costly offerings of the big three hyperscalers. In fact, SlashDatas latest research found that while half (51%) of developers stated that AWS, Microsoft Azure, and GCP served as their primary service provider, the majority (78%) of respondents use more than one provider for cloud services.

Developers and businesses are craving simpler, more affordable, and more reliable cloud services, said Blair Lyon, vice president of cloud experience at Linode. Were seeing tremendous growth of multicloud approaches as organizations look for the best provider fit to solve their specific challenges. This trend will only continue to gain momentum as multicloud becomes the prevailing cloud strategy for businesses.

A recent report from 451 Research found that large hyperscale providers are not always ideal for all cloud use cases and that alternative cloud providers are increasingly bridging the gap for use cases that previously went overlooked or underserviced, including for small businesses and independent developers. In addition, a 2021 survey of devops professionals by Techstrong Group (formerly Accelerated Strategies Group) found alternative cloud providers were used by one-third of those survey respondents.

"Since we began tracking this category over the past few years, developers have increasingly turned to alternative cloud providers for their infrastructure needs, said Konstantinos Korakitis, Director of Research at SlashData.

The 22nd edition of the Developer Nation survey is currently live, so if you are a developer anywhere in the world, you can share your input here.

*About Linode*Linode accelerates innovation by making cloud computing simple, accessible, and affordable to all. Founded in 2003, Linode helped pioneer the cloud computing industry and is today the largest independent open cloud provider in the world. Linode empowers more than a million developers, startups, and businesses across its global network of 11 data centers.

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Nearly One-Third of Developers are Turning to Alternative Cloud Providers, New Research from SlashData Finds - PR Web

Mentions of cloud computing within the filings of companies in the mining industry rose 111% between the second and third quarters of 2021.

In total, the frequency of sentences related to cloud computing between October 2020 and September 2021 was 162% higher than in 2016 when GlobalData, from whom our data for this article is taken, first began to track the key issues referred to in company filings.

When companies in the mining industry publish annual and quarterly reports, ESG reports and other filings, GlobalData analyses the text and identifies individual sentences that relate to disruptive forces facing companies in the coming years. Cloud computing is one of these topics companies that excel and invest in these areas are thought to be better prepared for the future business landscape and better equipped to survive unforeseen challenges.

To assess whether cloud computing is featuring more in the summaries and strategies of companies in the mining industry, two measures were calculated. Firstly, we looked at the percentage of companies which have mentioned cloud computing at least once in filings during the past 12 months this was 31% compared to 11% in 2016. Secondly, we calculated the percentage of total analysed sentences that referred to cloud computing.

Of the 50 biggest employers in the mining industry, Honeywell International Inc was the company that referred to cloud computing the most between October 2020 and September 2021. GlobalData identified 37 cloud-related sentences in the US-based company's filings 0.4% of all sentences. China Steel Corp mentioned cloud computing the second most the issue was referred to in 0.15% of sentences in the company's filings. Other top employers with high cloud mentions included Tata Steel Ltd, Metalurgica Gerdau SA, and Nippon Steel Corp.

This analysis provides an approximate indication of which companies are focusing on cloud computing and how important the issue is considered within the mining industry, but it also has limitations and should be interpreted carefully. For example, a company mentioning cloud computing more regularly is not necessarily proof that they are utilising new techniques or prioritising the issue, nor does it indicate whether the company's ventures into cloud computing have been successes or failures.

GlobalData also categorises cloud computing mentions by a series of subthemes. Of these subthemes, the most commonly referred to topic in the third quarter of 2021 was "software as a service", which made up 68% of all cloud subtheme mentions by companies in the mining industry.

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Filings buzz in the mining industry: 111% increase in cloud computing mentions in Q3 of 2021 - Mining Technology

New York, US, Jan. 31, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Market Overview: According to a comprehensive research report by Market Research Future (MRFR), Infrastructure as a Service Market information by Solution, by Deployment Type, by End User, by Verticals and Region forecast to 2030 market size to reach USD 119 billion, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 24.1% by 2030.

Market Scope: The infrastructure as a service (IaaS) market is expected to garner significant traction in the next few years. The continually growing demand for data governance, alongside the rising cases of IaaS misconfigurations and inadvertent sensitive data storage exposure that can cause significant data breaches, have created vast market opportunities over the past couple of years.

Dominant Key Players on Infrastructure as a Service Market Covered are:

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Market USP Exclusively Encompassed:Market DriversBusinesses are increasingly focusing on responding to rising cybersecurity threats by improving data governance to prevent data loss. Simultaneously, augmenting demand for hybrid computing, scalability, faster implementation, and accessibility of the IT system define the continually growing market landscape.

Moreover, the increasing adoption of IaaS, multi-cloud, and cloud-based IaaS platforms would escalate the market shares. Resultantly, the market is projected to witness significant growth in the years to come. Augmenting uptake of cloud computing in BFSI, IT & telecom, healthcare, and retail & e-commerce industries due to maximum uses of IT resources and cost-effective cloud computing services among organizations drive the market demand.

Conversely, the lack of technical expertise required to manage IT infrastructure and cloud data security is a major factor impeding market growth. However, the growing adoption of a cloud-based IaaS platform to enhance IT services and data accessibility would support the market growth through the review period. Also, vast implementations of infrastructure services in large enterprises would impact the growth of the IaaS market over the forecast period.

Browse In-depth Market Research Report (100 Pages) on Infrastructure as a Service Market:https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/infrastructure-as-a-service-market-5910

Segmentation of Market Covered in the Research:The market is segmented into solutions, deployment types, end-users, verticals, and regions. The solution segment is sub-segmented into managed hosting services, storage-as-a-service (network attached and storage area network-based storage), disaster recovery as a service, high-performance computing as a service, network management, and content delivery services.

The deployment type segment is sub-segmented into public, private, and hybrid clouds. The end-user segment is sub-segmented into SMEs and Large Enterprises. The vertical segment is sub-segmented into IT & telecom, BFSI, healthcare, retail & e-commerce, government, defense, and others. The region segment comprises the Asia Pacific, Americas, Europe, and rest-of-the-world.

Regional AnalysisNorth America dominates the global infrastructure as a service market. The largest market share attributes to the wide uptake of IaaS and technological upgrades. Besides, increasing investments in cloud-based solutions drive the IaaS market growth in the region. With the increasing penetration of hybrid cloud and advanced IT infrastructure, the region is projected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period.

Europe stands second in the global infrastructure as a service market. The region, with its vast technology upgrades, offers lucrative opportunities. The market growth is driven by rapidly growing enterprises in the region and vast investments in risk disparity factors due to infrastructure service disruptions in extreme weather events. Moreover, the rising awareness of integrating social dimensions into the resilience planning of infrastructure systems substantiates the region's market size.

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The Asia Pacific region is also a promising market for infrastructure as a service globally, accounting for a sizable market share. Factors such as spurring industrialization and economic growth across the region are key driving forces for market growth. Countries like China, Japan, and India support the regional market's growth, heading with significant technological advances.

COVID-19 Impact on the Global Infrastructure as a Service MarketThe onset of COVID 19 significantly impacted the infrastructure as a service market, halting infrastructure development and the global economy. On one side, where the pandemic created rapid disruptions in key infrastructure sectors and industries, on the other hand, it increased the value of digital connectivity, presenting it as the most cost-efficient and effective solution to respond to the global crisis.

The COVID19 outbreak also had numerous contrasting effects on the digital infrastructure sector, such as increased demand for quality digital connectivity due to falling telecommunications prices in certain countries and increased network capacity in others. Emerging trends and their implications for policies and corporate, alongside investment strategies to support the development of the digital infrastructure sectors in emerging markets, would contribute to IaaS market revenues through the pandemic and beyond.

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Competitive LandscapeHighly competitive, the IaaS market appears fragmented due to several large and small players forming a competitive landscape. To gain a larger competitive edge, players incorporate strategies such as collaborations, mergers & acquisitions, product/ technology launches, and expansion.

For instance, on Jan. 20, 2022, 11:11 Systems, a leading provider of managed infrastructure solutions, announced the acquisition of iland, a leading global cloud service provider of secure and compliant hosting for IaaS DRaaS and BaaS. The company (11:11 Systems) has also recently acquired Green Cloud Defense, a channel-only, cloud IaaS provider.

The addition of iland's steady 25% YOY momentum would enable 11:11 Systems to expand its national network of MSPs, VARs and IT consultants, creating a hyper-growth pathway. Companies are increasingly struggling to manage their hybrid infrastructure effectively and are under pressure to focus scarce resources on other key priorities. 11:11 would be able to meet the growing market demand and help single, trusted vendors navigate security threats and reduce complexities in infrastructure management.

In another instance, on Jan. 18, 2022, Sunlight.io, a leading provider of the edge infrastructure, announced a partnership with Safozi, a leading IaaS provider in North Africa. Together with Sunlight.io, Safozi launched high-performance cloud services in Tunisia to bring high-performance and private cloud services with local support across North Africa. Safozi's affordable, high-performance cloud services would now be able to deliver a far higher level of responsiveness to their users striving for better customer satisfaction.

Related Reports:Composable Infrastructure Market, By Cloud Type (Public, Private, Hybrid), By Type (Hardware, Software), By Organization Size (Large Enterprises, SMEs), By Vertical (IT and Telecommunication, BFSI, Government, Healthcare, Manufacturing and Others), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Rest of the world) - Industry Forecast till 2027

IT Infrastructure Services Market Research Report: By Type (Network Management Service, Enterprise System Management, IT Security Management, Virtualization Solutions, Data Center Consolidation Services and others), Service Type (Consulting, Planning Integration & Implementation, Maintenance and Managed), Organization Size (Small & Medium Enterprise, Large Enterprise), Vertical (Automotive, Chemicals, Retail & Consumer Goods, IT & Telecommunication, Healthcare, Government, BFSI, Manufacturing, and others) and Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Forecast till 2027

About Market Research Future:Market Research Future (MRFR) is a global market research company that takes pride in its services, offering a complete and accurate analysis regarding diverse markets and consumers worldwide. Market Research Future has the distinguished objective of providing the optimal quality research and granular research to clients. Our market research studies by products, services, technologies, applications, end users, and market players for global, regional, and country level market segments, enable our clients to see more, know more, and do more, which help answer your most important questions.

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Infrastructure as a Service Market Projected to Reach a Valuation of USD 119 Billion by 2030, Registering Around 24.1% CAGR - GlobeNewswire