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(A) shows a circuit diagram for transporting Bob's qubit, |0>+|1>, to Alice by means of two exchange-free CNOT gates and local operations. The purpose of the Hadamard gates is to keep the control qubits of the two CNOT gates on the same side, Bob's side. (B) A similar circuit, except for the phase-flip Z-gate acting on Alice's target qubit before the second CNOT, which corresponds to finding the photon in Port2 in figure 2(C), after the second application of the exchange-free CNOT gate. (C) Our proposed exchange-free CNOT gate. A single 87Rb atom trapped inside an optical resonator constitutes Bob's control qubit. Depending on which of two ground states the trapped atom is in, a resonant R-polarized photon impinging on the cavity from the left will either be reflected as a result of strong coupling, or else enter the cavity on its way towards detector DB. CQZE stands for chained quantum Zeno effect. As we show in the text, Alice's exiting photonic qubit, the target, has provably never crossed the channel to Bob. This CNOT gate allows universal exchange-free quantum computation, including counterportation. Credit: Quantum Science and Technology (2022). DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ac8ecd

One of the first practical applications of the much-hyped but little-used quantum computing technology is now within reach, thanks to a unique approach that sidesteps the major problem of scaling up such prototypes.

The invention, by a University of Bristol physicist, who gave it the name "counterportation," provides the first-ever practical blueprint for creating in the lab a wormhole that verifiably bridges space, as a probe into the inner workings of the universe.

By deploying a novel computing scheme, revealed in the journal Quantum Science and Technology, which harnesses the basic laws of physics, a small object can be reconstituted across space without any particles crossing. Among other things, it provides a "smoking gun" for the existence of a physical reality underpinning our most accurate description of the world.

Study author Hatim Salih, Honorary Research Fellow at the university's Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, and co-founder of the start-up DotQuantum, said, "This is a milestone we have been working towards for a bunch of years. It provides a theoretical as well as practical framework for exploring afresh enduring puzzles about the universe, such as the true nature of spacetime."

The need for detectable information carriers traveling through when we communicate has been a deeply ingrained assumption among scientists, for instance a stream of photons crossing an optical fiber, or through the air, allowing people to read this text. Or, indeed, the myriad neural signals bouncing around the brain when doing so.

This holds true even for quantum teleportation, which, "Star Trek" aside, transfers complete information about a small object, allowing it to be reconstituted elsewhere, so it is indistinguishable in any meaningful way from the original, which disintegrates. The latter ensures a fundamental limit preventing perfect copying. Notably, the recent simulation of a wormhole on Google's Sycamore processor is essentially a teleportation experiment.

Hatim said, "Here's the sharp distinction. While counterportation achieves the end goal of teleportation, namely disembodied transport, it remarkably does so without any detectable information carriers traveling across."

Wormholes were popularized by the mega-hit movie "Interstellar," which included physicist and Nobel laureate Kip Thorne among its crew. But they first came to light about a century ago as quirky solutions to Einstein's gravity equation, as shortcuts in the fabric of spacetime. The defining task of a traversable wormhole, however, can be neatly abstracted as making space traversable disjunctly; in other words, in the absence of any journey across observable space outside the wormhole.

The pioneering research, fittingly completed to the spine-tingling "Interstellar" score, sets out a way to carry this task out.

"If counterportation is to be realized, an entirely new type of quantum computer has to be built: an exchange-free one, where communicating parties exchange no particles," Hatim said.

"By contrast to large-scale quantum computers that promise remarkable speed-ups, which no one yet knows how to build, the promise of exchange-free quantum computers of even the smallest scale is to make seemingly impossible taskssuch as counterportationpossible, by incorporating space in a fundamental way alongside time."

Plans are now in progress, in collaboration with leading U.K. quantum experts in Bristol, Oxford and York, to physically build this otherworldly-sounding wormhole in the lab.

"The goal in the near future is to physically build such a wormwhole in the lab, which can then be used as a testbed for rival physical theories, even ones of quantum gravity," Hatim added.

"This work will be in the spirit of the multi-billion ventures that exist to witness new physical phenomena, like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), but at a fraction of the resources. Our hope is to ultimately provide remote access to local wormholes for physicists, physics hobbyists, and enthusiasts to explore fundamental questions about the universe, including the existence of higher dimensions."

Tim Spiller, professor of quantum information technologies at the University of York and director of the Quantum Communications Hub of the UK National Quantum Technologies Program said, "Quantum theory continues to inspire and astound us. Hatim's latest work on counterportation provides another example of this, with the added bonus of a pathway towards experimental demonstration."

John Rarity, professor of optical communication systems at the University of Bristol, said, "We experience a classical world which is actually built from quantum objects. The proposed experiment can reveal this underlying quantum nature showing that entirely separate quantum particles can be correlated without ever interacting. This correlation at a distance can then be used to transport quantum information (qbits) from one location to another without a particle having to traverse the space, creating what could be called a traversable wormhole."

More information: Hatim Salih, From counterportation to local wormholes, Quantum Science and Technology (2022). DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ac8ecd

Journal information: Quantum Science and Technology

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'Counterportation': Quantum breakthrough paves way for world-first experimental wormhole - Phys.org

A recent study has proposed the first-ever practical blueprint for a lab-created wormhole that can verifiably bridge spacetime.

Using quantum computing and the principles ofquantum entanglement, the new experimental protocol could ultimately allow for the disembodied transport of unknown qubits without a sender or receiver ever having to exchange particles.

The process sounds like teleportation or the hypothetical transfer of matter or energy from one point to another without traversing physical space. However, unlike teleportation, researchers say their process does not require pre-shared entanglement or classical communication between a sender and receiver.

Study author Dr. Hatim Salih, an honorary research fellow at the University of Bristols Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs and co-founder of the start-up DotQuantum, has termed this new process counterportation.

This is a milestone we have been working towards for a bunch of years,saidDr. Salih. It provides a theoretical as well as practical framework for exploring afresh enduring puzzles about the universe, such as the true nature of spacetime.

Physicists have long proposed that wormholes, or structures connecting disparate points in spacetime, could exist. Unlike the concept of faster-than-light travel, wormholes are based on a special solution of the Einstein field equations, and their existence is consistent with the general theory of relativity.

Some prominent theoretical physicists, such as the late Dr. Stephen Hawking and Dr. Kip Thorne, have evenarguedthat it might be possible to artificially create and stabilize a traversable wormhole that could connect points that are billions of light years apart or even afford the ability for time travel.

However, to date, the actual physical occurrence of a wormhole has never been observed or verified.

Be that as it may, the emerging field of quantum computing has allowed scientists to begin flirting with ideas that, up to this point, have been entirely regulated to science fiction.

In November, scientists at Cal-Tech University developed thefirst-ever quantum experimentto study the behavior of a theoretical wormhole.

Two years ago, scientists at Fermilab announced thefirst-ever successful demonstration of sustained long-range, high-fidelity quantum teleportation. The ground-breaking achievement represented a significant step towards realizing a viable quantum internet, which researchers say will revolutionize the world of computing and information technology.

Once fully developed, [quantum computers] can solve important problems that would take a classical computer millions of years, Dr. Daniel Oblak of the University of Calgary toldThe Debrief. A quantum internet, on which quantum computers or sensors are connected and share quantum information, may well surprise us with applications we have not yet imagined.

Quantum teleportation plays a crucial role in quantum information technologies. However, the process does not involve the transference of physical objects from one location to another like popular fictional depictions of teleportation, such as the transporter used by members of the U.S.S. Enterprise in the television series Star Trek.

Quantum teleportation has a somewhat unfortunate association with sci-fi renditions of teleportation, explained Dr. Oblak. In quantum teleportation, the quantum state of a particle is transferred to another pre-existing particle at another location. Hence, teleportation in the sense of being beamed up by Scotty will require the complete set of basic constituents, i.e., all the atoms, to be present at the receiving end for the quantum information to be encoded onto it.

Yet, unlike quantum teleportation, Dr. Salihs proposed concept of counterportation could allow for the interaction-free transfer of information or shortcuts in the fabric of spacetime thatwouldresemble the colloquial idea of teleportation.

While counterportation achieves the end goal of teleportation, namely disembodied transport, it remarkably does so without any detectable information carriers traveling across, said Dr. Salih.

The proposed method is claimed to be multiple orders of magnitude more efficient in terms of physical resources than previously proposed implementation, paving the way for a demonstration using existing imperfect devices.

Dr. Salih says he is working with leading quantum experts to test his theory, including building a verifiable and observable wormhole in a laboratory setting. The goal in the near future is to physically build such a wormhole in the lab, which can then be used as a testbed for rival physical theories, even ones of quantum gravity, added Dr. Salih.

This work will be in the spirit of the multi-billion ventures that exist to witness new physical phenomena, like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), but at a fraction of the resources. Our hope is to ultimately provide remote access to local wormholes for physicists, physics hobbyists, and enthusiasts to explore fundamental questions about the universe, including the existence of higher dimensions.

As promising as this sounds, the idea of using a traversable wormhole to counterport across the cosmos like Capt. Kirk is, unfortunately, not something well likely see anytime soon. Namely, because the process will require developing an entirely new type of quantum computer.

If counterportation is to be realized, an entirely new type of quantum computer has to be built: an exchange-free one, where communicating parties exchange no particles, said Dr. Hatim.

By contrast to large-scale quantum computers that promise remarkable speed-ups, which no one yet knows how to build, the promise of exchange-free quantum computers of even the smallest scale is to make seemingly impossible taskssuch as counterportationpossible, by incorporating space in a fundamental way alongside time.

Nevertheless, suppose researchers are eventually successful in realizing a lab-created wormhole and demonstrating the concept of counterportation. In that case, scientists say that among the obvious benefits, this would also provide a smoking gun for the existence of a physical reality within the universes inner workings.

From Counterportation to Local Wormholes was recently published in the journalQuantum Science and Technology.

Tim McMillan is a retired law enforcement executive, investigative reporter and co-founder of The Debrief. His writing typically focuses on defense, national security, the Intelligence Community and topics related to psychology. You can follow Tim on Twitter:@LtTimMcMillan. Tim can be reached by email:tim@thedebrief.orgor through encrypted email:LtTimMcMillan@protonmail.com

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New Quantum Computing Study Proposes First-Ever Practical Blueprint for a Verifiable Lab-Created Transversable ... - The Debrief

Practical carbon capture technologies are still in the early stages of development, with the most promising involving a class of compounds called amines that can chemically bind with carbon dioxide. In AVS Quantum Science, researchers deploy an algorithm to study amine reactions through quantum computing. An existing quantum computer cab run the algorithm to find useful amine compounds for carbon capture more quickly, analyzing larger molecules and more complex reactions than a traditional computer can.

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases daily with no sign of stopping or slowing. Too much of civilization depends on the burning of fossil fuels, and even if we can develop a replacement energy source, much of the damage has already been done. Without removal, the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere will continue to wreak havoc for centuries.

Atmospheric carbon capture is a potential remedy to this problem. It would pull carbon dioxide out of the air and store it permanently to reverse the effects of climate change. Practical carbon capture technologies are still in the early stages of development, with the most promising involving a class of compounds called amines that can chemically bind with carbon dioxide. Efficiency is paramount in these designs, and identifying even slightly better compounds could lead to the capture of billions of tons of additional carbon dioxide.

In AVS Quantum Science, by AIP Publishing, researchers from the National Energy Technology Laboratory and the University of Kentucky deployed an algorithm to study amine reactions through quantum computing. The algorithm can be run on an existing quantum computer to find useful amine compounds for carbon capture more quickly.

"We are not satisfied with the current amine molecules that we use for this [carbon capture] process," said author Qing Shao. "We can try to find a new molecule to do it, but if we want to test it using classical computing resources, it will be a very expensive calculation. Our hope is to have a fast algorithm that can screen thousands of new molecules and structures."

Any computer algorithm that simulates a chemical reaction needs to account for the interactions between every pair of atoms involved. Even a simple three-atom molecule like carbon dioxide bonding with the simplest amine, ammonia, which has four atoms, results in hundreds of atomic interactions. This problem vexes traditional computers but is exactly the sort of question at which quantum computers excel.

However, quantum computers are still a developing technology and are not powerful enough to handle these kinds of simulations directly. This is where the group's algorithm comes in: It allows existing quantum computers to analyze larger molecules and more complex reactions, which is vital for practical applications in fields like carbon capture.

"We are trying to use the current quantum computing technology to solve a practical environmental problem," said author Yuhua Duan.

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Cleaning up the atmosphere with quantum computing: A quantum ... - Science Daily

Market Overview

Published Via 11Press: The globalquantum computing marketsize was exhibited atUSD 10.13 billion in 2022and is expected to surpass aroundUSD 234.1 billion by 2032, poised to grow at a projectedCAGR of 36.89%during the forecast period 2022 to 2032.

Quantum computing is a relatively new area of study that merges principles from quantum physics, computer science, and mathematics. In essence, it is the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computational tasks that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. While classical computers operate with bits that can be either 0 or 1, quantum computers utilize qubits (quantum bits) that exist in both states simultaneously.

One of the key features of quantum computing is its ability to perform multiple calculations simultaneously, thanks to the concept of superposition. This means that a quantum computer can explore many possible solutions to a problem at once, making it exponentially faster than traditional computers for certain types of problems. Another important principle behind quantum computing is entanglement.

Want to Access the Statistical Data and Graphs, Key Players Strategies |https://market.us/report/quantum-computing-market/request-sample

Governments are investing more funds in quantum computing to promote growth.

An increase in strategic alliances will fuel market expansion.

Global Talent Shortage Will Lead to Stagnant Growth

Quantum computing is still in its early stages, and there is a global talent gap. By 2025, McKinsey estimates there could be only 5,000 quantum skilled individuals left compared to the demand for 10,000 of them, according to their analysis. This issue could stall growth in this industry over the coming years; however, many institutions and training programs like the University of Chicago are creating Ph.D. programs in quantum physics in an effort to reduce these risks.

Pharmaceutical companies will have a new business opportunity due to quantum computing.

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize our understanding of the world. Drug producers, for instance, anticipate using quantum computers to simulate chemical systems like pharmaceuticals and their interactions with other proteins at the molecular level. As a result, pharmaceutical firms could experience major growth opportunities over the coming years as they attempt to develop treatments for long-standing medical issues.

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Controlling noise is a difficult task.

Controlling interactions between quantum computers and their environment is one of the biggest difficulties these systems must contend with. A qubit, a quantum mechanical equivalent to a bit, cannot maintain superposition due to noise from interactions; engineers are currently searching for an exact solution to this pressing problem.

Type

Application

Q: What is the size of the quantum computing market, and how fast is it growing?

A: Quantum computing market size was exhibited atUSD 10.13 billion in 2022and is expected to surpass aroundUSD 234.1 billion by 2032, poised to grow at a projectedCAGR of 36.89%during the forecast period 2022 to 2032.

Q: Who are the major players in the quantum computing market?

A: Major players in the quantum computing market include D-Wave Systems, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, 1QB Information Technologies, Anyon Systems, Cambridge Quantum Computing, ID Quantique, IonQ, QbitLogic, QC Ware, Quantum Circuits, Qubitekk, QxBranch, Rigetti Computing

Q: What are some potential applications of quantum computing?

A: Major Applications in the quantum computing market, including Defense, Healthcare & pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, Banking & Finance, Energy & Power

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Quantum Computing Market Size ( USD 234.1 Billion by 2032 ) with ... - Enterprise Apps Today

March 14, 2023 Quantum information science (QIS) is an emerging research field that promises to revolutionize computation, engineering, communications, and many other aspects of both everyday life and fundamental science. Today, the hype of quantum is intriguing many young scientists and engineers as they look to enter the workforce, but many are left wondering how they can broach a field that is so complex and rarely taught before graduate school.

In 2021, an academic program launched by theCo-design Center for Quantum Advantage(C2QA)a national QIS research center led by the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and comprised of several national labs, research centers, universities, and industry partnerswas able to provide students with a better path towards the quantum workforce. The program, QIS 101, is a six-week-longquantum computing summer schoolfor undergraduate students that focuses on building fundamental and practical skills.

In its third year, QIS 101 has built off its successes and learned from its challenges to optimize the course even more. The dense coursework, including 50 hands on projects, is spread out over a six-week period this year.

Crucial feedback from the first group of students was that the four-week course was too short, said David Biersach, a senior technology architect at Brookhaven Lab and one of the founders and instructors of QIS 101. It was too much too fast for students that were entirely new to quantum programming. Following their feedback, the next year we slowed the course down by expanding it to six weeks, adding more hands-on labs for the students. The feedback fromthis sessionwas very encouraging six weeks seemed to be the sweet spot.

The program builds a strong foundation in QIS basics before branching out into more complex topics, like quantum machine learning. This foundation is also built with the fundamentals of classic scientific computing and essential coding.

No quantum algorithm ever runs alone, explained Biersach. Quantum algorithms work alongside classical algorithms to answer science problems. I am most pleased when students, as a result of participating in QIS 101, begin to realize how important it is to learn how to code to do modern science.

The program takes a blended approach, alternating between short lecture sessions and hands-on programming labs. About half of the initial cohort of students had no programming experience. They also all pursued different degrees, ranging from environmental science to engineering.

The summer schools mission sticks true to C2QAs mission, and its right in the centers nameco-design. At C2QA, researchers are simultaneously designing hardware and software to achieve quantum advantage, which is the point when a quantum computer outperforms a classical one on a useful task. This multidisciplinary approach is integral to the QIS field as a whole, so Biersach and colleagues have replicated a multidisciplinary approach for students.

QIS is a triple helix of physics, mathematics, and computer science, Biersach said. In most universities, these departments are all separate, and many science majors complete their degree without any computer programming experience. The quantum summer school integrates all of these fields in an introductory way.

The quantum summer school encourages diverse group of students to work together, learn from each other, and solve problems by combining their different areas of expertise, much like QIS challenges are solved in the real world. The program divides students into small teams to study quantum computing applications for various physical systems. The students also worked withQiskit software, an open-source framework for writing quantum programs that was developed by IBM, one of C2QAs primary partners.

Of the courses modest sized group of alumni, 12 students obtained follow-on undergraduate or graduate internships at Brookhaven Lab, other DOE labs, or STEM-focused businesses, seven students were accepted into a masters program in STEM fields, and two were accepted into Ph.D. programs in STEM fields. These accomplishments are a bright reflection of the talented pool of applicants that are accepted into QIS 101 and what they will bring to this growing field.

One of the most exciting outcomes of C2QAs quantum summer school is that we are meeting the need to diversify the QIS workforce by training up talented jobseekers on a highly in-demand skillset, said Kimberly McGuire, Chief Operations Officer for C2QA. This is a unique opportunity for undergraduates and graduate students to transfer their learned experiences directly into a career at a national lab, in industry, or at an academic institution. We are closing the gap by addressing the need at the entry point where talented individuals and jobs meet.

Workforce development is a major initiative at C2QA. Students of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in learning about quantum information science can browse ongoing opportunities on theC2QA website.

Applicationsare being accepted now until the March 24, 2023. To apply, students must be at least 18 years of age by the start date of the program, a U.S. citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident (green card holder) of the U.S., enrolled in an accredited institution of higher learning, or recently graduated (within one year of this application), and able to attend the full duration of the program.

Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visitscience.energy.gov.

Source: Denise Yazak, Brookhaven NationalLaboratory

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C2QA Continues to Build the Quantum Workforce with Popular ... - HPCwire