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Binance tries to mollify ZKsync users left out of airdrop with $2.4m distribution – DLNews

Binance, the worlds largest crypto exchange, will distribute crypto worth $2 million among 52,500 people to appease users frustrated with the launch of a new token, ZKsync Eras ZK.

On social media, accounts that allegedly belong to longtime users of ZKsync Era have slammed the blockchains parent company, Matter Labs, for leaving them off a list of users who can claim some of the newly issued tokens.

The company has insisted the ZK airdrop was unconventional, but prioritised real users.

There is a massive, coordinated, Sybil misinformation campaign against ZKsync on X, Matter Labs said Wednesday via an affiliated social-media account. Run by thousands of bots.

Nevertheless, Binance said on Sunday it would give certain users who had been excluded from the ZK airdrop a total of 10.5 million ZK tokens beginning June 25. ZK was trading at $0.23 almost 12 hours after its Monday morning launch.

Those users had to meet certain criteria, which include initiating 50 transactions or more on ZKsync Era and between February 2023 and March 2024.

Binance said it would distribute the tokens in light of the ongoing concerns from the community around ZK token distribution.

ZKsync Era is one of the largest Ethereum-based blockchains known as layer 2s. Users have transferred more than $770 million in crypto to the blockchain, according to L2BEAT, and deposited about $128 million in its DeFi ecosystem, according to DefiLlama data.

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ZKsync isnt the first project to get burned by an airdrop.

From the get-go, many crypto-based companies promise to eventually cede control of their product to its users. Tokens like ZK grant membership and voting power in these digital cooperatives.

But the distribution of these tokens can be fraught. Companies have been criticised for giving employees and investors an outsize tranche of tokens, leaving little for longtime users who expect a reward for having taken a gamble by putting their crypto into untested applications.

Moreover, companies can unintentionally exclude real users in their attempt to filter out the bots that mimic user behaviour in order to nab a slice of newly issued tokens.

When Matter Labs detailed the airdrop, the company boasted it had set aside 17.5% of ZK tokens for about 695,000 longtime users, the largest distribution of tokens to users amongst major rollups.

But it was quickly forced to defend itself after a flurry of complaints from alleged users who were irate that they werent eligible for the airdrop or that they received a paltry number of ZK tokens when other, seemingly less committed users got more.

While acknowledging the unconventional design of its airdrop, Matter Labs said it was proud of the reasonable tradeoffs it had made to ensure that tokens went to real users.

In 2024, airdrops are extremely challenging, the company wrote on X. Sophisticated industrial farms operate millions of bots indistinguishable from real people in behavioural patterns. This renders traditional activity-based airdrops completely useless for building resilient and sustainable communities.

There are 21 billion ZK tokens, with one-third reserved for investors and employees of Matter Labs and the ZKsync Foundation.

Meanwhile, 19.9% of the tokens will go to the ZKsync Foundation and 29.3% have been set aside for the treasury of the ZKsync Token Assembly, the digital cooperative that will control ZKsync Era. The remaining 17.5% had been set aside for Mondays airdrop.

As of Monday afternoon, almost three-fourths of the tokens in the airdrop had been claimed.

Aleks Gilbert is a DeFi Correspondent at DL News. Got a tip? Email him at aleks@dlnews.com.

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ZKSync Price Analysis: ZKSync Airdrop Comes Under Heavy Fire As Binance Steal Spotlight With Rival ZK Launch … – 99Bitcoins

ZKSync airdrop is criticized for not implementing the anti-Sybil program in their ZK airdrop. Now, in a hit-back move, Binance will reward its users.

Airdrops are meant to incentivize participation. Thanks to smart contracts, there have been thousands, if not tens of thousands, of airdrops since the beginning of crypto, which was popularized on Ethereum.

All you have to do is engage.

For example, if you actively traded on Uniswap before they launched their governance token, you were eligible for 1,500 UNI.

The problem with airdrops is the proliferation of bots and the risk of dust attacks through Sybil on the issuing platform.

This is what ZkSync token issuers are facing and getting heat from.

The airdrop was highly anticipated; however, questions of fairness and distribution arose when the selection criteria were raised.

Currently, ZK is available for trading.

But looking at ZKSync price, market reaction has been muted to disappointment, with the highly anticipated open falling down -25% from all-time highs amid wholesale community moaning.

(ZKUSDT)

At the heart of the controversy is the issue of bots.

Critics now claim ZKSync knew that bots existed but didnt implement adequate measures to prevent Sybil attacks.

In a Sybil attack, a single user can initiate multiple dust transactions from many wallets to intentionally manipulate airdrop distribution.

The more they attack, the more they could farm ZK tokens, cutting out real users who actively and genuinely transact on the layer-2 platform.

Meanwhile, zkSync employs a unique airdrop design combined with explicit Sybil detection to reward genuine users.

Even so, they acknowledge that some Sybil wallets slipped through the cracks. These wallets, they explained, increasingly used sophisticated methods that mimic real user behavior.

In its defense, the platform added that if it had used overly aggressive Sybil filtering techniques, more legitimate users would have been excluded.

They continued by saying that their approach focused more on rewarding addresses with a high likelihood of being genuine.

Of note, their system assigned fewer points to underfunded walletsused to filter out Sybil walletsbut concurrently increased points for on-chain activity indicative of human behavior.

To reward ZK Sync users and Binance clients, the exchange is airdropping its share of 10.5 million ZK to over 52,000 eligible users who missed the official one.

To qualify, addresses must have initiated at least 50 transactions on zkSync Era between February 2023 and March 2024.

At the same time, they should have conducted transactions within at least seven months and not belong to any centralized exchange, bridge, or contract address.

At the same time, they should not have been eligible for the official airdrop.

Binance listed ZK on June 17.

EXPLORE: RPL Price Adds +50% In 4 Days Heres Why Rocket Pool Is Pumping After Houston Upgrade

Disclaimer: Crypto is a high-risk asset class. This article is provided for informational purposes and does not constitute investment advice. You could lose all of your capital.

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ZKSync Price Analysis: ZKSync Airdrop Comes Under Heavy Fire As Binance Steal Spotlight With Rival ZK Launch ... - 99Bitcoins

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Binance Announces $2M+ ZKSync Airdrop After ZK Listing – The Crypto Basic

Following the listing of ZKsync, Binance has launched a reward program to distribute 10.5 million ZK tokens to over 52,000 eligible users.

Binance has listed ZKsync under multiple spot trading pairs. The exchange opened trading and deposits for ZK today at 08:00 (UTC), according to a blog post.However, withdrawal service will be available tomorrow, June 18, at 08:00 (UTC).

In addition to the ZK listing, Binance announced a reward program, with the exchange offering 10.5 million tokens to 52,500 eligible users. At press time, the 10.5M ZK tokens are worth $2.69 million. The one-month reward program will run from June 17 at 02:00 (UTC) to July 16 at 23:59 (UTC).

Binance noted that it will distribute the tokens based on four criteria. The first criterion includes eligible users who initiated a minimum of 50 transactions on ZKSync Era between February 2023 and March 2024.

Second, these transactions must occur within the timeframe stated above for seven months, with the exclusion of self-transfer.

For the third criterion, the Binance airdrop is for addresses that did not receive ZK tokens from the official ZK Nation airdrop. Lastly, this requires that the claim address is not a contract, bridged, or linked to a centralized exchange.

For those who meet the eligibility criteria, the process to claim the ZK tokens is straightforward. Users are required to deposit at least 0.02 ETH ($69.84) from the ZKsync whitelisted address. Once this is done, the exchange will distribute 200 ZK tokens to eligible users on a first-come, first-served basis. The first ZK airdrop is scheduled to commence on June 25.

The announcement comes a few minutes after ZK officially went live. Besides Binance, other major exchanges have also listed and opened trading for the token, including KuCoin, Bybit, and Gate.io.

ZK is currently trading at $0.2566. With a total supply of 21 billion tokens, and only 3.675 billion in circulation, the tokens market cap stands at an impressive $ 933.72 million. In just a few hours after its launch, ZK has already secured the 76th position on CoinMarketCap, with a 24-hour trading volume of $544.7 million.

Disclaimer: This content is informational and should not be considered financial advice. The views expressed in this article may include the author's personal opinions and do not reflect The Crypto Basics opinion. Readers are encouraged to do thorough research before making any investment decisions. The Crypto Basic is not responsible for any financial losses.

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D-Wave Introduces New Hybrid Quantum Solver For Workforce, Manufacturing And Logistics Optimization Problems – The Quantum Insider

Insider Brief

PRESS RELEASE D-Wave Quantum Inc., a leader in quantum computing systems, software, and services and the worlds first commercial supplier of quantum computers, announced today at its global Qubits 2024 user conference the launch of a new hybrid quantum solver for nonlinear programs, enabling customers to confront real-world problems of growing complexity. Available now through D-Waves Leap quantum cloud service, D-Wave believes the new solver will help customers solve complex optimization problems of increased scale, pushing past limits of previously available technologies.

The solver supports up to two million variables and constraints, with a tenfold increase in problem size capacity over other D-Wave solvers for certain applications, according to preliminary benchmarking studies. It is part of D-Waves expanding set of commercial quantum optimization offerings, supporting the companys aggressive go-to-market (GTM) growth strategy announced earlier this year. Comprising a combination of hardware, software and professional services, D-Waves solutions are designed to dramatically boost time-to-solution for organizations looking to optimize operational processes and performance.

Ready-to-Use Solutions for Workforce, Manufacturing and Logistics Problems

Real-world problems such as production scheduling have complex interactions between variables. D-Waves new solver excels at handling nonlinear relationships, where the effect of changes to variables on solution quality is complex, giving it an edge over solvers limited to linear relationships. Its user-friendly experience simplifies the translation of real-world problems into hybrid quantum problem-solving methods, and is exceptionally flexible, supporting a wide range of problems more accurately to deliver better results.

These problems include:

Customer Success with Quantum Optimization

Hybrid solvers have been shown to improve solutions to complex optimization problems by bringing together quantum and classical computing resources to explore vast solution spaces more adeptly, and pinpoint answers that are more difficult to calculate than using classical computing methods alone. Over the past year, D-Wave has seen customer use of its hybrid solver portfolio nearly double, which the company believes highlights the growing marketing demand for quantum optimization technology.

We are confident that this solver will simplify and accelerate customers journey to successful quantum technology adoption, helping them more quickly drive return-on-investment, and gain a competitive edge, said Dr. Alan Baratz, CEO of D-Wave. Many organizations are recognizing that their most complex computational problems go well beyond the capabilities of existing solutions. Theyre adopting hybrid quantum solutions to find better answers to transform operations faster and improve the bottom line.

From a logistics standpoint, so many elements go into making our experiences successful.We partnered with D-Wave to tackle the logisticsfor our large-scale tours and events in a whole new way, said Jason Snyder, global chief technology officer at Momentum Worldwide. Its not just about doing things faster or cheaper, but also about being smarter and more sustainable in our approach.For our work, it has helped us make significant progress toward more sophisticated, efficient, and eco-friendly operation models.

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How to pivot for success in deeptech?| Ed Wood (Nu Quantum) – The Quantum Insider

Welcome back to DeepTech Product, where we delve into the world of deep tech product management. Today, we bring you insights from a riveting conversation with Ed Wood, VP of Product at Nu Quantum. Eds journey through the realms of quantum computing and hardware cryptography offers invaluable lessons for navigating the complex landscape of deep tech product development.

Prefer listening? .Audio versions on Apple podcasts,Spotify.

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Dont forget to like and subscribe for more insightful conversations ondeeptechproductmanagement!

Ed emphasizes the importance of understanding the market before diving into product development. Nu Quantums journey began with a thorough analysis of potential markets, examining their dynamics, sizes, and existing problems that the companys technology could solve. This foundational step ensured that the team had a clear vision of the market needs, enabling them to tailor their product accordingly.

Initially, Nu Quantum aimed to produce components for quantum security markets, including random number generators and quantum key distribution systems. However, extensive market research and customer feedback revealed a more pressing need in the field of quantum computing. The company pivoted to focus on developing solutions that interconnect quantum computers, addressing the scalability limits of individual modalities.

Ed describes this pivot as a challenging yet necessary course correction. The decision was backed by relentless conversations with industry players and validation from larger players, who acknowledged the need for quantum networking.

One of the key insights Ed shares is the importance of finding a market with a sense of urgency. You can tick all the boxestheres a need, people are willing to pay, you can make a profitbut without a sense of urgency, youre not going to make any money, he explains. This urgency is crucial in deep tech, where the development cycles are long and the investment required is substantial.

To find this urgency, Ed and his team conducted relentless market research, involving numerous calls and meetings with potential customers and industry players. This exhaustive process helped them triangulate their understanding of the market and validate their new direction.

Ed also emphasizes the danger of getting hypnotized by your own technology. Deep tech is fascinating and magical, but just because its cutting-edge doesnt mean it automatically translates to a product people will pay for, he warns. Staying sober and focused on the business value and real-world applications of the technology is essential.

This approach helped New Quantum pivot from focusing on quantum security components to addressing the broader and more urgent need for quantum networking. By constantly questioning the business benefit and ensuring their technology solves a real, urgent problem, Ed and his team have been able to stay on course.

After identifying the new market direction, gaining buy-in from the board and the team was crucial. Initially, there was skepticism, but validation from major industry players helped solidify the new strategy. The transition involved leveraging existing technology and securing grants to mature additional components needed for their new product focus. This strategic alignment has allowed New Quantum to maintain a clear roadmap while being adaptable to market changes.

Eds advice for other deep tech product managers is grounded in experience:

For inquiries about sponsoring/supporting the podcast, email:deeptech[emailprotected]

(00:00) Teaser

(00:52) Podcast Intro

(01:26) Nadias Intro

(02:31) Role at Sandbox and the diverse product portfolio

(05:52) Product management strategies for such a deeptech (08:40) How to approach customers when product is not ready

(12:00) How to provide incremental value?

(14:50) When does make sense to buy vs make?

(16:55) Multiple reasons to do acquisitions

(18:03) Tactics for identifying acquisition targets

(20:57) Post acquisitions actions and strategy

(26:09) Internal and external acceleration of strategy post acquisition

(27:00) Activities to integrate teams post acquisition

(30:14) Examples of successful acquisitions

(30:25) Advice to your past self?

(30:35) Book recommendation and deep tech trend

(42:05) Outro and links to join the deep tech product community

If you found this article to be informative, you can explore more current quantum news here, exclusives, interviews, and podcasts.

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Why Furrever Token is Set to Benefit from Litecoin’s Bullish Trends, Polygon’s Market Obstacles, and Binance Coin’s … – Times Tabloid

In the dynamic world of cryptocurrency, understanding the market trends and how they influence emerging tokens is crucial for investors. Furrever Token (FURR), a new and innovative player in the crypto space, is uniquely positioned to benefit from the current trends affecting Litecoin (LTC), Polygon (MATIC), and Binance Coin (BNB). This article explores how Litecoins bullish trends, Polygons market obstacles, and Binance Coins potential surge can positively impact Furrever Token.

Litecoin, often referred to as the silver to Bitcoins gold, has been showing significant bullish momentum. According to recent analyses, Litecoins fundamentals indicate a strong upward trend. This positive momentum is driven by increased adoption, technological upgrades, and a robust community supporting its growth. The networks improved transaction speed and reduced fees make it an attractive option for users looking for efficient and cost-effective cryptocurrency transactions.

For Furrever Token, Litecoins bullish trends can create a favorable market environment. As confidence in Litecoin grows, the overall sentiment in the cryptocurrency market becomes more positive. Investors looking for new opportunities may be more willing to explore emerging tokens like Furrever Token. Additionally, the influx of capital into the crypto market driven by Litecoins success can increase liquidity, benefiting newer tokens and projects.

Polygon, a popular layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum, is currently facing significant market obstacles. The token is struggling to overcome a major hurdle at $0.75 amid a prevailing bearish market. Despite its innovative technology and wide adoption in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space, Polygons price action has been hindered by broader market conditions and selling pressure.

While this might seem like a negative factor, it presents an opportunity for Furrever Token. As Polygon struggles to break through its resistance level, investors may look for alternative investments that offer higher growth potential and less immediate market resistance. Furrever Token, with its unique value proposition centered around adorable cat imagery and community engagement, can attract investors seeking diversification and new opportunities in the crypto space.

Binance Coin, the native token of the Binance exchange, is also poised for significant movement. After experiencing a recent 10% drop, analysts are predicting a potential surge, with price targets set at $710 and $603. This expected recovery is driven by Binances continued expansion, strategic partnerships, and the overall strength of its ecosystem.

For Furrever Token, Binance Coins potential surge can be highly beneficial. Binance Coins success often translates to increased activity and interest in the Binance Smart Chain (BSC), where Furrever Token operates. As more users and developers flock to BSC, Furrever Token can leverage this influx to grow its user base and community. Additionally, the positive sentiment surrounding Binance Coin can spill over into other projects within the Binance ecosystem, further boosting Furrever Tokens visibility and appeal.

Furrever Token is designed to revolutionize the cryptocurrency market with an irresistible dose of cuteness. Its mission is to provide a unique and enjoyable experience centered around adorable cat imagery, creating a whimsical and heartwarming ecosystem. The tokenomics of Furrever Token are structured to ensure broad distribution and community involvement, with 65% available during the presale, 25% allocated for decentralized exchanges, and 10% reserved for the team, locked for a year.

The project has already raised over $1.3 million in nearly three months and is currently in stage 9 of its presale, aiming for a total of $1.9 million. With the presale price at $0.000732 and the promise of up to 15X returns, Furrever Token presents a compelling opportunity for investors.

The interplay between Litecoins bullish trends, Polygons market obstacles, and Binance Coins potential surge creates a synergistic environment that can propel Furrever Token to new heights. As Litecoin boosts overall market sentiment, investors become more willing to explore new opportunities like Furrever Token. Polygons challenges redirect investor attention to alternative investments, and Binance Coins expected recovery brings additional activity and interest to the Binance Smart Chain, benefiting Furrever Token directly.

Furrever Token is strategically positioned to capitalize on the current trends affecting major cryptocurrencies like Litecoin, Polygon, and Binance Coin. By understanding and leveraging these market dynamics, Furrever Token can attract a diverse range of investors, increase its visibility, and achieve significant growth. As the cryptocurrency market continues to evolve, Furrever Token stands out as a unique and promising project with the potential to thrive amidst the ever-changing landscape.

Join Furrever Token Presale Now:

Furrever Token Official Website Visit Furrever Token Presale Join Official Telegram Group Follow Official X Account

Disclaimer: This is a sponsored press release for informational purposes only. It does not reflect the views of Times Tabloid, nor is it intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, or financial advice.

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Riverlane Joins the Quantum Energy Initiative – The Quantum Insider

Insider Brief

PRESS RELEASE Riverlane, the global leader in quantum error correction technology, is pleased to announce its acceptance into the Quantum Energy Initiative, a global community of quantum technology companies and research organisations committed to better understanding the physical resource cost of quantum technologies.

The rise of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, has led to an exponential growth in computational power in recent years, causing data centres to become increasingly power-hungry (IEA, 2024). Originally designed to prioritise performance over energy efficiency, new techniques are being explored to curb their carbon footprint, but despite these efforts, the electricity usage of the worlds data centres is still forecasted to double by 2026 (IEA, 2024).

With quantum computers expected to solve specific problems much more efficiently than classical supercomputers, theres growing hope that their integration with supercomputers in data centres could lead to significant energy savings and lower the amount of carbon emissions produced.

Early breakthrough research led by Google (with NASA and Oak Ridge National Labs) hinted that existing prototype quantum computers could already exhibit reduced energy consumption. However, it is now generally agreed that carefully chosen metrics of energy consumption are required to allow a fair comparison of quantum and classical computing. At the same time, if quantum computers are to do better than classicalcomputers, then every major hardware and software component of that quantum computer must be as energy efficient as possible.

Riverlane has joined the Quantum Energy Initiative (QEI), a community focused on researching the environmental footprint of quantum computing, to help with this effort. Alongside existing members of the QEI including Microsoft Azure Quantum, IBM Quantum and Alice & Bob, Riverlane aims to contribute to a number of goals including defining energy-based metrics for quantum technologies; deriving fundamental bounds for energy consumption; using energetic efficiencies as optimisation tools; and understanding the impact of hardware and software on energy consumption.

We enthusiastically welcome Riverlane into the Quantum Energy Initiative as an industrial partner. Their leading-edge expertise in quantum error correction will be crucial in shaping the future of large-scale quantum computing; we are delighted that they see the importance of making this future an energy-efficient one. said Robert Whitney, a co-founder of the Quantum Energy Initiative.

While research into these areas is still in its infancy, the Quantum Energy Initiative recommends that companies make conscious design choices during this current phase of quantum computing development to help pave the way towards energy-efficient quantum computing.

The energy consumption of a quantum computer is likely to be influenced by several factors, including how we implement a necessary process called quantum error correction (QEC). The building blocks of every quantum computer (qubits) are affected by errors to the extent that they are not usable to perform any valuable computation. QEC can correct these errors by mapping many physical qubits into one error-free logical qubit.

The QEC process can be designed with overall power consumption in mind. By doing so, we can reduce the number of qubits required to implement a logical qubit, translating into less power needed to keep them in a usable state and less energy required to manipulate them. At the same time, multiple measurements and operations are required to implement logical qubits which can impact the overall execution time and power consumption of the system. In line with guidance from the QEI, Riverlane believes deliberate design choices must be made to ensure the integration of QEC technologies produces a significant net benefit.

With this in mind, Riverlane is developing its core product the Quantum Error Correction Stack (Deltaflow) with energy efficiency as a key design principle. Riverlanes Deltaflow.Decode ASIC chipuses less than 10mW and is the first decoder to concretely demonstrate high-performance at a small hardware resource cost. Its been designed to accurately balance speed and hardware resource utilisation, meaning it decodes fast enough to keep up with a quantum computer while also producing a tiny resource footprint.

We are excited to be a supporting member of the Quantum Energy Initiative said Marco Ghibauldi, VP of Engineering at Riverlane. For quantum computers to deliver energy savings over todays classical supercomputers, we first need them to be useful. This is our main priority at Riverlane, through our specialist focus on our quantum error correction, but we recognise theres even more we can do at this stage. By joining the Quantum Energy Initiative, we hope to contribute to this exciting new field of research and continue to build our understanding of how our QEC Stack can be developed and integrated to maximise energy efficiencies across the whole quantum computing stack.

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Japan to help IBM build a massive 10000-qubit quantum computer – TechSpot

Forward-looking: After exiting the PC market and attempting to position the Watson AI supercomputer as the future of healthcare, IBM is focusing on making quantum computers practical and useful. Now, the company aims to usher in a new era in the quantum business with Japan's assistance.

IBM will partner with Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) to develop a quantum system equipped with 10,000 qubits, which is 75 times more than the current quantum computers have.

This unprecedented super quantum machine is expected to be ready by 2029 and will significantly outclass today's quantum systems, which are equipped with no more than 133 qubits. According to Nikkei Asia, the IBM-AIST partnership will be announced publicly in the coming days and will leverage Japan's strong IT manufacturing capabilities.

IBM and AIST will develop new semiconductor parts and circuits designed to operate at near-absolute zero temperatures (K), as a quantum computer cannot perform its complex (and error-prone) calculations at room temperature. Japanese component manufacturers will be part of the project, and Japan's technology companies will have privileged access to the new quantum systems.

AIST will lobby for quantum computer adoption and offer training programs to Japanese companies, and IBM will likely be very happy to help with that. The tech giant is serious about quantum computing development, with a defined roadmap that includes a 2,000-qubit commercial system by 2033.

The expected 10,000-qubit quantum computer clearly goes way beyond IBM's rosiest expectations, all the more so as the plan is about a system that doesn't need an ancillary supercomputer working to fix the errors made by the quantum chips. Today's quantum computers cannot be used as traditional computing machines yet, and they usually need a complex, multi-room setup to try and keep errors and issues to a minimum.

IBM is betting big on quantum computers, a novel class of computing machines which have seemingly started to show the ability to tackle problems that traditional "brute force" simulations cannot. This "quantum utility" makes quantum computers a useful tool for scientific research, IBM said, although Big Blue could be wrong on this as well.

The recent Qommodore 64 project was seemingly able to effectively simulate IBM's quantum utility experiments on the puny 1MHz CPU of a Commodore 64, no qubits required.

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Scientists Create The Thinnest Lens on Earth Using Quantum Physics – ScienceAlert

A quantum phenomenon has allowed scientists to develop a lens just three atoms thick, qualifying as the thinnest ever made.

Oddly, the innovative approach allows most wavelengths of light to pass right through a feature that could see it have huge potential in optical fiber communication and gadgets like augmented reality glasses.

The researchers who invented the lens, from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Stanford University in the US, say that their innovation will progress research into lenses of this type, as well as miniature electronic systems.

"The lens can be used in applications where the view through the lens should not be disturbed, but a small part of the light can be tapped to collect information," says Jorik van de Groep, a nanoscientist at the University of Amsterdam.

Rather than using a transparent material's curved surface to bend light in a process of refraction, incoming waves are instead focused by a series of grooved edges using diffraction.

The technology, known as a Fresnel lens or zone plate lens, has been used for centuries in the manufacture of thin, light-weight lenses, like those used in lighthouses.

To give the technique a quantum boost, the research team etched concentric rings into a thin layer of a semiconductor called tungsten disulfide (WS2). When WS2 absorbs light, its electrons move in a precise manner that leaves a gap that can be considered as a kind of particle in its own right.

Together, the electron and its 'hole' is form what's known as an exciton, which has properties that assist in the focussing efficiency of very specific wavelengths of light while letting other wavelengths pass through unaltered.

The size of the rings, and the distance between them, allowed the lens to focus red light a distance of 1 millimeter away. The team found while the lens works at room temperature, at lower temperatures its focusing capabilities became even more efficient.

Next, the researchers want to run more experiments to see how exciton behavior might be manipulated further, to improve the efficiency and capability of the lens. Future studies might involve optical coatings that can be placed on other materials, for instance, as well as variations in electrical charge.

"Excitons are very sensitive to the charge density in the material, and therefore we can change the refractive index of the material by applying a voltage," says van de Groep.

The research has been published in Nano Letters.

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Shattering the Limits of Classical Physics: Quantum Entanglement Measures Earth’s Rotation Like Never Before – SciTechDaily

The experiment was pictured drawing a fiber Sagnac interferometric scheme inside a magnifying inset starting from a local position (Vienna, Austria) of the rotating Earth. Two indistinguishable photons are incident on a beam splitter cube, entanglement between them is created, and then they are coupled in the fiber interferometer. Credit: Marco Di Vita

A quantum physics experiment at the University of Vienna achieved groundbreaking precision in measuring Earths rotation using entangled photons.

The study utilizes an enhanced optical Sagnac interferometer that leverages quantum entanglement to detect rotational effects with unprecedented precision, offering potential breakthroughs in both quantum mechanics and general relativity.

A team of researchers carried out a pioneering experiment where they measured the effect of the rotation of Earth on quantum entangled photons. The work, led by Philip Walther at the University of Vienna, was published on June 14 in the journal Science Advances. It represents a significant achievement that pushes the boundaries of rotation sensitivity in entanglement-based sensors, potentially setting the stage for further exploration at the intersection between quantum mechanics and general relativity.

Optical Sagnac interferometers are the most sensitive devices to rotations. They have been pivotal in our understanding of fundamental physics since the early years of the last century, contributing to establishing Einsteins special theory of relativity. Today, their unparalleled precision makes them the ultimate tool for measuring rotational speeds, limited only by the boundaries of classical physics.

Sagnac interferometer built with 2-kilometers of optical fibers wrapped around 1.4 meter sided square aluminum frame. Credit: Raffaele Silvestri

Interferometers employing quantum entanglement have the potential to break those bounds. If two or more particles are entangled, only the overall state is known, while the state of the individual particle remains undetermined until measurement. This can be used to obtain more information per measurement than would be possible without it. However, the promised quantum leap in sensitivity has been hindered by the extremely delicate nature of entanglement.

Here is where the Vienna experiment made the difference. They built a giant optical fiber Sagnac interferometer and kept the noise low and stable for several hours. This enabled the detection of enough high-quality entangled photon pairs to outperform the rotation precision of previous quantum optical Sagnac interferometers by a thousand times.

In a Sagnac interferometer, two particles traveling in opposite directions of a rotating closed path reach the starting point at different times. With two entangled particles, it becomes spooky: they behave like a single particle testing both directions simultaneously while accumulating twice the time delay compared to the scenario where no entanglement is present. This unique property is known as super-resolution. In the actual experiment, two entangled photons were propagating inside a 2-kilometer-long optical fiber wound onto a huge coil, realizing an interferometer with an effective area of more than 700 square meters.

A significant hurdle the researchers faced was isolating and extracting Earths steady rotation signal. The core of the matter, explains lead author Raffaele Silvestri, lays in establishing a reference point for our measurement, where light remains unaffected by Earths rotational effect. Given our inability to halt Earths spinning, we devised a workaround: splitting the optical fiber into two equal-length coils and connecting them via an optical switch.

By toggling the switch on and off the researchers could effectively cancel the rotation signal at will, which also allowed them to extend the stability of their large apparatus. We have basically tricked the light into thinking its in a non-rotating universe, says Silvestri.

The experiment, which was conducted as part of the research network TURIS hosted by the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, has successfully observed the effect of the rotation of Earth on a maximally entangled two-photon state. This confirms the interaction between rotating reference systems and quantum entanglement, as described in Einsteins special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, with a thousand-fold precision improvement compared to previous experiments.

That represents a significant milestone since, a century after the first observation of Earths rotation with light, the entanglement of individual quanta of light has finally entered the same sensitivity regimes, says Haocun Yu, who worked on this experiment as a Marie-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow.

I believe our result and methodology will set the ground to further improvements in the rotation sensitivity of entanglement-based sensors. This could open the way for future experiments testing the behavior of quantum entanglement through the curves of spacetime, adds Philip Walther.

Reference: Experimental observation of Earths rotation with quantum entanglement by Raffaele Silvestri, Haocun Yu, Teodor Strmberg, Christopher Hilweg, Robert W. Peterson and Philip Walther, 14 June 2024, Science Advances. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0215

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Shattering the Limits of Classical Physics: Quantum Entanglement Measures Earth's Rotation Like Never Before - SciTechDaily

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