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Unraveling the mystery of semi-extractable RNAs from human cell … – EurekAlert

image:Japanese researchers develop new analysis pipeline resulting in the first ever dataset on semi-extractable RNAs, which may serve as the basis for future investigations view more

Credit: Dr. Chao Zeng

Membraneless organelles (MLOs), also known as biomolecular condensates, are formed by the biological process of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). MLOs are highly dynamic bodies containing proteins and nucleic acids. While the role of proteins in LLPS has been extensively investigated, there is a growing interest in the scientific community to understand the role of RNAsthe nucleic acid responsible for innumerable biological functions including coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes, and ultimately proteinsin phase separation.

Recent studies have revealed that MLOs are rich in RNAs that are poorly extracted by conventional methods but can be efficiently recovered using improved methods like needle shearing and heating, a property known as semi-extractability. These semi-extractable RNAs can be important biomarkers and drug targets in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, very few studies have succeeded in identifying and characterizing these RNAs.

To address this gap, Dr. Chao Zeng, assistant professor at Waseda University, in collaboration with Dr. Michiaki Hamada from Waseda University, Dr. Takeshi Chujo from Kumamoto University, and Dr. Tetsuro Hirose from Osaka University, have developed a novel bioinformatic pipeline to define semi-extractable RNAs across human cell lines. Their findings were published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research on July 19, 2023.

The team performed cellular RNA extraction and sequencing on five human cell lines, namely, A10, A549, HEK293, HeLa, and HAP1 cells. They further analyzed the RNA sequencing data using various computational methods. Differential expression analysis was performed between samples extracted using the conventional RNA extraction method and the improved extraction method. The researchers identified RNA transcripts that were consistently semi-extractable in all five cell lines. Repeat density and sequence motif analysis were also conducted to explore potential factors influencing semi-extractability. Additionally, the researchers performed k-mer analysis using the SEEKR algorithm to functionally classify semi-extractable RNAs based on their k-mer content.

Sharing the highlight of their study, Chao Zeng explains, Using the newly developed bioinformatic analysis pipeline, we examined original experimental data from cultured human cell types and successfully identified and characterized 1,074 semi-extractable RNAs potentially involved in the formation of phase-separated membraneless organelles.

Upon investigating the localization of semi-extractable RNAs in chromatin as well as within the cell, the team found that these RNAs were enriched in repressed and repetitive heterochromatin (darkly staining) regions, especially in Polycomb-repressed areas. Inside the cells, the RNAs were concentrated in the nucleus, including the nucleolus, but disassociated from the chromatin.

Additionally, the researchers postulated that the semi-extractable RNAs could potentially function as a platform for interacting with other RNAs. To verify their hypothesis, they compared semi-extractable RNAs with close to 600 hub RNAs forming protein-mediated RNA-RNA interactions with multiple other RNAs. They found that semi-extractable RNAs indeed acted as hubs and were pivotal in forming RNA-RNA interactions.

Further analysis of semi-extractable RNA revealed a marked preference of RNA-binding proteins in binding to AU-rich regions associated with the RNAs. While messenger RNAs typically exhibit the AU-rich regions at the 3 end, which regulates RNA stability, semi-extractable RNAs exhibited a concentration of AU regions at the 5 end, indicating potential involvement in undiscovered functions.

The study provides the first dataset of semi-extractable RNAs across human cell lines, which is a valuable resource for investigating RNA-based phase separations. Future integration of semi-extractable RNAs with RNA interaction studies will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying RNA-induced phase separation in cells, concludes Michiaki Hamada enthusiastically.

The study findings provide new perspectives to explore the involvement of RNA in biological processes such as cancer development and progression, viral RNA degradation, and cellular stress responses, and can drive the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer and infectious diseases.

***

Reference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkad567

Authors: Chao Zeng 1, Takeshi Chujo 2, Tetsuro Hirose 3,4, Michiaki Hamada 1,5,6

Affiliations

1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

2Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan

3Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 5650871, Japan

4Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita 5650871, Japan

5AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

6Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 1138602, Japan

Funding information

This work was supported by JST CREST [grant no. JPMJCR20E6], AMED [grant nos. JP22ama121055, JP21ae0121049 and JP21gm0010008], JSPS KAKENHI [grant nos. 20H00448, 21H05276, 22K19293, 22H04925, 20H00624, 17K20032, 20K15784 and 22K15093].

About Waseda University

Located in the heart of Tokyo,WasedaUniversity is a leading private research university that has long been dedicated to academic excellence, innovative research, and civic engagement at both the local and global levels since 1882.The Universityhas produced many changemakers in its history, including nine prime ministers and many leaders inbusiness, scienceand technology,literature,sports, and film.Wasedahas strongcollaborations with overseas research institutions and is committed to advancing cutting-edge research and developing leaderswhocan contribute to the resolution of complex,global social issues.The Universityhas set a target ofachievingazero-carbon campusby 2032, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015.

To learn more about Waseda University, visit https://www.waseda.jp/top/en

About Assistant Professor Chao Zeng

Dr. Chao Zeng is a junior researcher and an assistant professor in the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Waseda University, Japan. He is a member of the RNA Society of Japan, the Japanese Society for Bioinformatics (JSBi), and the Molecular Biology Society of Japan. His research interests include life-, health-, and medical informatics, with a special focus on long noncoding RNAs. Dr. Zeng has around 10 publications to his credit.

About Professor Michiaki Hamada

Dr. Michiaki Hamada is a professor in the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Waseda University and is the principal investigator in the Bioinformatics Laboratory, Japan. He has been a distinguished member of Japanese Society of Bioinformatics (JSBi) since 2014 and is currently the vice-president of JSBi. His interests include RNA informatics, sequence analysis, epigenetics, data-mining, and machine learning. He aspires to develop revolutionary tools in the analysis of biological data and has been honored with multiple awards.

Nucleic Acids Research

Experimental study

Cells

Landscape of semi-extractable RNAs across five human cell lines

19-Jul-2023

None declared

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Splunk unveils Splunk AI to ease security and observability through … – VentureBeat

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During Splunks.conf23 event,the company announced Splunk AI, a suite of AI-driven solutions designed to enhance its unified security and observability platform. According to the company, the latest development combines automation with human-in-the-loop experiences to empower organizations to improve their detection, investigation and response capabilities while maintaining control over AI implementation.

The new Splunk AI Assistant employs generative AI to give users an interactive chat experience using natural language.Users can create Splunk Processing Language (SPL) queries through this interface, thereby expanding their understanding of the platform.

Through the AI Assistant, Splunk aims to optimize time-to-value and increase accessibility to SPL, democratizing an organizations access to valuable data insights.

Splunk said that the AI will empower SecOps, ITOps and engineering teams to automate data mining, anomaly detection and risk assessment. so they can focus on more strategic tasks and reduce errors.

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As a company, we have been deliberate in ensuring our Splunk AI innovations combine automation with human-in-the-loop experiences, so organizations can strengthen human decision-making with threat response by increasing speed and effectiveness, but not replace human decision-making, Min Wang, CTO at Splunk, told VentureBeat. Both our embedded and foundational AI offerings within Splunk AI provide recommendations on large, rich sets of information to enhance and accelerate human decision-making regarding detection, investigation and response.

The model is integrated with domain-specific large language models (LLMs) and ML algorithms, leveraging security and observability data to boost productivity and cost efficiency. The company emphasized its commitment to openness and extensibility, as it enables organizations to integrate their AI models or third-party tools.

What differentiates Splunks AI-powered offerings is they optimize domain-specific large language models and ML algorithms built on security and observability data, Wang told VentureBeat. These domain-specific insights will provide SecOps, ITOps and engineering teams with relevant data to automatically detect anomalies and then prioritize their attention to where its most needed based on intelligent risk assessment, minimizing repetitive processes and human error.

Splunk asserts that as tech infrastructure becomes more complex and distributed, and with ongoing talent shortages, organizations need tools that enable them to act swiftly and efficiently without exhausting their teams.

With Splunk AI, we want to help make the jobs of SecOps, ITOps and engineering easier, so they can focus on more strategic work [and] act faster and more accurately to ensure their systems remain resilient, said Splunks Wang.

Splunks new AI-powered capabilities aim to enhance alerting speed and accuracy, bolstering digital resilience. According to the company, its app for anomaly detection streamlines and automates the entire operational workflow for anomaly detection.

Meanwhile, IT Service Intelligence 4.17 service introduces outlier exclusion for adaptive thresholding, which identifies and excludes abnormal data points. In addition, ML-assisted thresholding generates dynamic thresholds based on historical data and patterns, resulting in more precise alerting.

ML-assisted thresholding uses historical data and patterns to create dynamic thresholds with just one click. Thresholds that better mirror the expected workload on an hour-by-hour basis help ITOps and engineering teams reduce false positives and drive more accurate alerting on the health of an organizations technology environment, Wang explained.

In another development, the company unveiled ML-powered foundational offerings that grant organizations access to comprehensive information. The Splunk Machine Learning Toolkit (MLTK) 5.4 now provides guided access to ML technology, enabling users of all skill levels to leverage forecasting and predictive analytics.

MLTK can be deployed on top of [the] Splunk Enterprise or Cloud platform to extend the platform with techniques like an outlier and anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and clustering, to filter out noise and address common ML use cases, said Wang.

Wang said the latest MLTK release enables users to easily upload their pre-trained models to MLTK through a user-friendly interface.

Once the model is within Splunk, users can seamlessly apply it to their Splunk data without altering their existing workflows. This functionality expands the applicability of MLTK and ML-SPL to encompass models trained using methods other than MLTK.

According to Wang, domain specificity is crucial for models. She emphasized the importance of tuning models specifically for their respective use cases and having experts in the field build them. While generic large language models (LLMs) can serve as a starting point, she said that the most effective models are those tailored to specific domains.

Wang highlighted that although generative AI is valuable for learning curves and generating new insights, deep learning tools may be better suited for embedding purpose-built complex anomaly detection algorithms into security offerings.

As experts in security and observability, I believe we have the best domain-specific insights derived from real-world experience by our development team, go-to-market team, and customers, she said.

To facilitate this transition, Splunk has introduced the Splunk App for Data Science and Deep Learning (DSDL) 5.1. This extension of MLTK enhances the integration of advanced custom machine learning and deep learning systems with the Splunk ecosystem, thereby bolstering its capabilities.

The DSDL extends MLTK with prebuilt Docker containers for additional machine learning libraries. Data scientists and machine learning or deep learning engineers can use DSDL to leverage GPU computing for compute-intense training tasks and flexibly deploy models on CPU or GPU-enabled containers, explained Wang. This offering is specific to our customers who store their data in Splunk environments and need tools to incorporate powerful ML algorithms trained on their data for their unique purposes.

DSDL 5.1 also introduces two new AI assistants that will enable customers to use LLMs to build and train models specific to their domain. These assistants will focus specifically on text summarization and text classification applications.

Wang said AI/ML and analytics are crucial in enhancing anomaly detection and alerting accuracy. These technologies reduce false positives and customize thresholds based on unique customer data patterns, resulting in more effective alerting.

Along the same lines, the companys new Splunk app for Anomaly Detection employs machine learning to automate the detection of anomalies in ones environment. It also offers consistent health diagnostics.

The app provides an end-to-end operationalization workflow so organizations can create and run consistent anomaly detection jobs, view SPL queries and create alerts. This leads to more accurate overall alerting, said Wang.

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Bitcoin Miner Hive Is Using Old Ethereum Rigs and AI to Make Ordinals Art – Decrypt

Canadian crypto miner HIVE Digital Technologies wants to use Ordinals in one of its AI initiatives, inscribing generative art on Bitcoins blockchain with the help of old Ethereum mining rigs.

HIVE CEO Aydin Kilic described the project as an exercise in technical prowess for one of cryptos largest miners. He told Decrypt that Ordinals provides a new way for the firm to use its fleet of data-center-grade Nvidia GPUs, which its been using to mine altcoins after Ethereum switched to proof-of-stake during the merge and made miners obsolete.

We will create generative AI art with our own GPUs, on our own fine-tuned model of Stable Diffusion, [...] and then use our hash power on the Bitcoin network to inscribe those on the Bitcoin blockchain, he said.

Ordinals launched earlier this year, and the buzzy Bitcoin protocol has led to a wave of innovation with cryptos oldest coin. As a way for people to create NFT-like assets on Bitcoin by inscribing data on individual satoshi, equal to 1/100,000,000 of a whole Bitcoin, Ordinals has also been a significant windfall for Bitcoin miners that benefit from elevated transaction fees.

Even though Bitcoin transaction fees from Ordinals inscriptions have cooled over the past couple of monthsfervor surrounding BRC-20 tokens, which are built on top of Bitcoin using Ordinals, sent them sky highKilic said HIVE is definitely still leaning into them.

Kilic compared the initiative to jet fighter squadrons like the Blue Angels who show off their skills by flying in tight formations. He described HIVEs project as ambitious because it taps so many different segments of HIVEs business, including its cloud computing platforms and custom versions of AI models like Stable Diffusion.

We want to do a soup-to-nuts AI and Ordinals project thats fully integrated, he said. Its a reflection of our core competencies as a technology leader in the AI and Bitcoin space.

Aside from creating a digital art pipeline, Kilic said HIVE is working with its custody providers to start transacting uncommon sats found through Ordinals. Uncommon sats, which are valued at a premium, are the first sat of each Bitcoin block. Kilic said HIVE has 272 of them. Sat is a common abbreviation for satoshi, the smallest denomination of Bitcoin that data is inscribed on.

When Ethereum shifted to proof-of-stake last year, it changed the way that transactions are verified on the network and greatly reduced its energy consumption. With Bitcoin, miners use large amounts of energy to verify transactions through proof-of-work.

After Ethereums transition to proof-of-stake, HIVE said it was exploring alternatives to Ethereum mining. Developing a generative art pipeline using new technologies fits into HIVEs overall corporate strategy of maximizing resources, Kilic said.

HIVE went public in 2017 and trades on the TSX Venture Exchange in Canada under the HIVE.V symbol. It has also traded on the Nasdaq since 2021 under the HIVE symbol. Shares of HIVE currently change hands at $5.66, and the company has a market capitalization of around $477 million.

Echoing comments made by MicroStrategy co-founder and executive chairman Michael Saylor, who said Ordinals holds potential in the realm of app development, Kilic said the protocol enables companies like HIVE to experiment with Bitcoin in previously unimagined ways.

I think that its unleashing a whole new era, Kilic said. We're all super supportive of it.

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Boosting the Tour’s popularity in the U.S. will take better … – Outside Magazine

Heading out the door? Read this article on the new Outside+ app available now on iOS devices for members! Download the app.

The Tour de France is one of sports greatest spectacles, a three-week extravaganza boasting some of the biggest audiences of any sporting event in the world. But how can we boost its popularity and attract more fans in the United States? In this issue, Joe Harris and Steve Maxwell of The Outer Line look at the need for better cycling development programs and improved infrastructure.

As we continue our journey around the positive feedback loop of boosting cyclings popularity in the United States (see Chart below) we now take a look at the need for better programs and infrastructure to develop competitive riders in this country.

Also read

The cornerstone of traditional powerhouse cycling countries has always been a well-supported and self-sustaining talent pipeline. This includes grassroots talent identification and nurturing, and gradual promotion of athletes into the highest levels of competitive cycling.

A constant flow of potential star riders can be realized when cycling-friendly policies, good riding infrastructure, cultural reinforcement, and childhood encouragement intersect. Unfortunately, much of this is missing from U.S. cycling today. Below, well briefly discuss the features of a strong development system, and strategies which the U.S. could adopt to become a stronger cycling nation.

The U.S. with its car-centric culture and infrastructural orientation often dissuades people from cycling. There simply arent that many safe roads to ride in many municipalities. Cyclings powerhouse nations have all historically enjoyed broader and more mature cycling infrastructure support. Public infrastructure development must be promoted, including greenway, shared roadway, and community awareness to improve safe riding zones and encourage parental and child confidence on the bike. Organizations like People for Bikes and USA Cycling USAC, the national federation body are actively promoting these types of developments, but we still have a long way to go.

And we need more cycling talent identification and development systems both at the national and the more local level. Local racing clubs which are ubiquitous in many European municipalities provide a safe space for kids to try cycling, but also provide competent coaching and equipment to assist and encourage disadvantaged members.

Many private U.S. club programs have faced funding shortfalls and folded, including successful junior-focused ones like GS Andiamo. USAC has a schedule of development camps and will be adding talent identification in the future, but the current road camps start at over $1,000 and the European camp is $4,500 not including airfare. This financial barrier puts many athletes at a disadvantage.

Chris Horner reiterates these points, saying, We definitely need more and better development programs, where those young kids that are interested in bike racing can be developed, coached and encouraged. But of course a lot of this just boils down to money just like everything else.

Good infrastructure and cycling facilities like BMX tracks, mountain bike parks, and velodromes are also critical elements of a healthy cycling development model that can provide safe zones for kids to start down the path of competitive cycling, and for riders of all ages to regularly compete and build strategic skills and fitness. But more importantly, such facilities then become literal hubs of activities, networking riders together and promoting local infrastructure changes.

A strong development system needs competent coaching, supported by national federation, municipal, club, and other private-source funding. A mixed-support model like this could help build a talent pipeline through continuity and consistency, with coaches to provide the constant encouragement, planning, and advisory role needed to identify and develop talented riders that may eventually graduate to the pro peloton.

Similarly, we need more road cycling events at the local level to provide racing experience and consistency along the development path. Unfortunately, there are fewer races today, and riders must often travel great distances and at great expense to compete. The lack of affordable local racing deprives riders of valuable opportunities to apply their skills, fitness, and aptitude for racing in the real world. This makes cycling infrastructure investment even more critical; for example, velodrome racing has often been cited as a primary feeder for many raw talents to become champion road stars, but we dont have enough of these facilities yet.

Brendan Quirk, CEO of USA Cycling, emphasizes this critical importance of building and supporting local activities, clubs and events. We are absolutely focused on grassroots racing by giving direct support to local clubs and local event organizers. What our data shows, with unequivocal clarity, is that the leading determinant of membership and the number of racing days is access to nearby race events. Grassroots racers dont want to travel far to races, and they dont want to stay in hotels, etc. So for us, its all about the support we can provide local event organizers to help them put on more races.

Despite all the challenges, there are two areas where the U.S. seems to be getting it right: scholastic racing programs and collegiate cycling. In a few states, the National InterscholasticCyclingAssociation (NICA) has built strong programs to introduce and encourage high school mountain bike racing leagues which include riding skills classes, competent coaching, support to provide gear to disadvantaged children, and safe-riding zones in and around school facilities.

And USAC Collegiate Cycling (formerly the national collegiate cycling association, or NCCA) a fully integrated division of the national federation has also become a fixture across many campuses nationwide with multiple divisions, years-long school rivalries, and a few scholarship supported clubs within the ranks. The U.S. scholastic model could quickly begin to generate new talent and transform the results in just a few years, with a few tweaks to the model to improve funding and outreach.

Other emerging pathways for new and talented riders include social fitness platforms and cross-sport data mining. Ubiquitous services like Strava and Zwift have been literal gold mines for the sport, as talented and fit riders can be readily identified and rapidly developed due to their high levels of demonstrated fitness, and at ages where they are still young enough to be further developed with competent coaching. And more and more top riders, particularly women, are coming over to cycling after having developed into world-class talents in other team sports like soccer; data mining and outreach programs could help identify more of these talented athletes in the future.

And its important to point out that there are ongoing success stories. Christian Vande Velde thinks that U.S. cycling is on the precipice of great things. Today, its a more level playing field than it was when I was growing up. Kids who are good, and who are meant to be bike racers, actually can be. Its not just the kids who grew up in the right neighborhoods. I mean, look at Richard Carapaz. Where he grew up, he didnt even have a paved road to ride on. I truly believe that today, you could come from almost anywhere or any economic background, and if you have the talent, there are avenues for you to reach the top levels.

However, as we underlined in our last two articles in this series, we cant overlook the impact that accessible broadcast content plays in inspiring children to take up bicycle racing. As with other sports, children often discover these activities through television, and by looking up to champions who can act as role models. This is especially true for young girls, who often discover a sport by identifying with the women who represent the sport such as the immeasurable impacts that the Williams sisters have had on elevating womens tennis. Sports experience growth when children see themselves in the shoes of their heroes and when there are support systems to help them develop into future champions.

Tyler Hamilton was one of Lance Armstrongs key lieutenants during the early U.S. Postal victories, and he won a stage at the 2003 Tour. Like many U.S. riders, he came into the sport later in life through the NCCA, winning the 1993 collegiate criterium and road omnium title. Now a financial advisor and part-time coach, he says, In terms of America generating new top level talents, I feel like its coming. Im in contact with a lot of the up-and-coming junior teams, and we have a lot of talent in the pipeline. Im pretty optimistic that well have another Tour de France podium type of rider coming. We just have to stay patient. Look at France, theyve been patient for a long time.

Steve Maxwell and Joe Harris are co-editors of The Outer Line, which focuses on governance and business issues, contrasting pro cycling with other sports. Subscribe to The Outer Lines weekly AIRmail newsletter here .

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FIVE at FIVE AU: ASX flat on the back of strong jobs data and falling … – Proactive Investors Australia

The ASX 200 opened the day strongly, gaining 47 points as of 11 AM AEST time before sliding to a negligible 3.2 point (0.04%) gain to 7,326.90.

While the index didnt make much progress today, it is on a good trajectory, having gained 1.10% in the last five days and sitting just 3.18% off its 52-week high.

The market was held up by modest gains in the Financials (+0.38%) and Info Tech (0.48%) sectors, with Materials and Industrials in the green but mostly flat, Health Care down a more significant -0.36% dip and the other sectors shedding between -0.14% and -0.29%.

Commodities weighed heavily on the market, down across the board but for a small 0.32% uptick in silver; palladium, platinum, aluminium and tin were all down more than 1%, while zinc, gold and copper were mostly flat.

A higher-than-expected employment rate took the wind out of the ASXs sails today, as Proactive explored in this article on the ABS data.

IG Markets analyst Tony Sycamore is betting the job numbers will push the RBA closer toward another potential rate hike on concernsparked by a tight labour market and potentially sticky inflation.

Earlier this week, the RBA meeting minutes from July put the focus firmly on incoming data, including todays labour data and next Wednesdays inflation data, ahead of the RBAs August Board meeting, Sycamore wrote.

The hotter-than-expected jobs numbers, which has the unemployment rate edging back towards a 50-year low, despite 400 basis point (bp) or rate hikes from the RBA, leave no room whatsoever for an upside surprise in next Wednesday's Q2 CPI data.

More so given the RBAs stated concerns around wage growth and inflation.

The expectations ahead of Wednesdays inflation numbers are for headline inflation to fall to 6.2% year-on-year (YoY) from 7%.

The RBA's preferred measure of core inflation, the Trimmed Mean, is expected to fall to 6.2% YoY from 6.6% previously.

Presuming the inflation numbers come in as expected, it likely supports the idea of a follow-up pause in August.

However, if next weeks headline inflation comes in at 6.4% or higher, brace for another rate hike as the RBA is forced to respond to a tight labour market and sticky inflation.

The probability of a 25 bp rate hike from the RBA in August has risen to about 40%, with a full rate hike now priced by October.

The AUD/USD reacted quickly as it surged from .6800 cents to a high of .6833 cents.

The ASX200, which was testing three-month range highs prior to the data, has fallen 40 points from 7,383 to 7,339.

Auric Mining Ltd (ASX:AWJ) yesterday began the process of toll milling the first batch of ore from the Jefferys Find Gold Mine, with 30,000 tonnes of ore to be processed at the Greenfields Mill at Coolgardie, Western Australia. It marks a landmark moment for the company, with first gold pour expected within days, a milestone which would officially promote Auric to gold producer status.

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Cooper Metals Ltd (ASX:CPM) is shoring up some new copper-gold targets at the Ardmore tenement in northwest Queensland thanks to an independent prospectivity review over the Mt Isa East Project.

Eleven new prospects have cropped up at Ardmore, where the review highlighted the importance of strong structural control on precious and base metals mineralisation.

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Astral Resources NL (ASX:AAR) has achieved a 22% increase in total contained ounces and a 69% increase in indicated resources at its Mandilla Gold Project, 70 kilometres south of Kalgoorlie in WA.

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Lindian Resources Ltd (ASX:LIN) has successfully completed a $35 million placement, securing the necessary funding to help achieve its ambitions in the rare earths mining sector.

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Musgrave Minerals Ltd (ASX:MGV, OTC:MGVMF)s Cue Gold Project joint venture (JV) partner Evolution Mining Ltd (ASX:EVN) has defined a maiden mineral resource estimate (MRE) for the West Island prospect in Western Australias Murchison district, further unlocking the value of the project.

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Richmond Vanadium Technology Ltd (ASX:RVT) managing director Jon Price predicts a massive global shortage of vanadium supply on the horizon.

Watch more

OpenAI's ChatGPT is reportedly deteriorating in capability and researchers are yet to determine the cause, according to a recent study conducted by Stanford and UC Berkeley.

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Postdoctoral Fellow in Data Science, Department of Computing and … – Times Higher Education

Lingnan University, a distinctive liberal arts institution in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is committed to the provision of quality whole-person education by combining the best of Chinese and Western liberal arts traditions. It strives to pursue excellence in teaching, learning, scholarship and community engagement. With three academic Faculties and the School of Interdisciplinary Studies, it offers a wide range of undergraduate degree programmes in the areas of Arts, Business and Social Sciences, and the broad curriculum covers an array of general education, interdisciplinary and science courses. The School of Graduate Studies offers research and taught postgraduate programmes up to doctoral level in various disciplines, and provides professional education for the wider society. Lingnans liberal arts education is characterised by a broad-based interdisciplinary curriculum with specialised disciplinary studies; close student-staff relationship; a vibrant residential campus; ample global learning opportunities; active community engagement and multifarious workplace experience. Applications are now invited for the following post:

(Carrying the functional title of Research Assistant Professor)

Department of Computing and Decision Sciences

(Post Ref.: 23/27)

The Department of Computing and Decision Sciences (https://cptra.ln.edu.hk) is one of the five departments in the Faculty of Business that contribute to the undergraduate programme of Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) degree. The Department hosts the LEO Dr David P. Chan Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Data Science programme and runs a Master of Science Programme in eBusiness and Supply Chain Management. The Department invites applications for research-track position in the areas of (i) Data Science, (ii) Artificial Intelligence, (iii) Healthcare Analytics, (iv) Data Mining, and (v) Big Data Analytics.

The main responsibilities of the post are to: i) apply for internal and external research grants; ii) conduct original research and publish papers in high quality journals; iii) perform teaching duties at undergraduate and postgraduate level (preferably in data science, artificial intelligence, mathematics or statistics); and iv) perform projects for the LEO Dr David P. Chan Institute of Data Science. The appointee is expected to have good communication and presentation skills in English.

General Requirements

Lingnan University is fully committed to the pursuit of excellence in both teaching and research. The appointee is expected to have passion in research and teaching. Applicants should have a PhD degree in Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, or a relevant discipline in recent years. Ideally, the candidate would have experience in applying data science and artificial intelligence in real life contexts. Applicants should provide information about their work experience, qualifications, research interests and achievements, and a statement of publication record.

Appointment

The conditions of appointment will be competitive. Remuneration will be commensurate with qualifications and experience. Fringe benefits include annual leave, medical and dental benefits, mandatory provident fund, gratuity and incoming passage and baggage allowance for the eligible appointees. Appointments will normally be made on a fixed-term contract of up to three years. Postdoctoral Fellow with a good publication record may carry a functional title of Research Assistant Professor.

Application Procedure(online application only)

Please click "Apply Now" to submit your application. Applicants shall provide names and contact information of at least three referees to whom applicants consent has been given for their providing references.Personal data collected will be used for recruitment purposes only.

We are an equal opportunities employer. Review of applications will start from February 2023 and continue until the post is filled. Qualified candidates are advised to submit their applications early for consideration.

The University reserves the right not to make an appointment for the post advertised, or to fill the post by invitation or by search. We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

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New Faculty – Ohio Wesleyan University

Ohio Wesleyan Announces Cohort of Professors for 2023-2024 Academic Year

By Cole Hatcher

DELAWARE, Ohio Ohio Wesleyan University will welcome seven assistant professors this fall committed to preparing OWU students for successful, fulfilling lives and careers.

Our new tenure-track professors are experts and innovators in their fields, and they are well-qualified to help students take full advantage of the opportunities provided by an Ohio Wesleyan education, said Provost Karlyn Crowley, Ph.D.

The new faculty represent Ohio Wesleyans third annual cohort hire, built around the universitys commitment to flexibility, interdisciplinarity, and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), Crowley said.

These seven outstanding educators will help students make the most out of every learning opportunity, including the OWU Connection, Ohio Wesleyans signature program, Crowley said.

The OWU Connection links classroom learning with real-world experience as a foundational feature of the Ohio Wesleyan curriculum. Faculty mentors work with students to help them build their own OWU Connection experiences, utilizing unique combinations of internships, research, travel, creative projects, and service to help the students prepare for the causes, careers, and graduate school opportunities they wish to pursue.

Ohio Wesleyans newest assistant professors and their departments and backgrounds are:

Andrea Suria, Ph.D., is interested in beneficial host-microbe interactions. Her research uses molecular genetics to determine how bacteria make antimicrobials that protect their hosts from infection. She uses bobtail squid eggs and their symbiotic bacteria as a model to study microbial defense during reproduction. Her teaching brings authentic research experiences into the undergraduate biology classroom, providing students with a hands-on exploration of microbiology. She earned her doctorate in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of Connecticut and completed a combined teaching and research postdoctoral experience at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Cliff Hurst, MBA, Ph.D.,primarily teaches entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. He takes a special interest in social entrepreneurs people who apply business principles to doing good. His research centers on formal axiology, a value theory developed by the late philosopher Robert S. Hartman. The theory focuses initially upon the most formal features of human values, then upon applications of these formalities to the concrete details of what we value (values) and how we value (valuations). Hurst seeks to develop the concept more fully and recently edited three volumes of Hartmans previously unpublished manuscripts. Hurst earned his undergraduate degree in international relations from the University of Virginia, his Master of Arts and doctorate from Fielding Graduate University, and his MBA from the University of Southern Indiana.

Katsutoshi Toshi Mizuta, Ph.D., is broadly interested in environmental sustainability, with a particular focus on soil health, climate-smart agriculture, and ecosystem services. His expertise spans various areas, from conducting lab-based biogeochemical incubation studies to utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and proximal/remote sensing for large-scale data mining research. He is dedicated to developing decision-making support tools for cost-effective and sustainable management practices concerning global food security and climate change. Mizuta will teach Earth Science, Soil Science, and Digital Agriculture at Ohio Wesleyan. He earned both his Master of Science and doctorate from the University of Florida, majoring in soil, water, and ecosystem sciences, with a minor in food and resource economics.

Camilla Querin, Ph.D., specializes in modern and contemporary art with a focus on Brazil. Her academic and curatorial research focuses on the intersection of visual arts with politics across the Americas, from the independence movements of the 19th century in Latin America to Latinx art in the United States today. She has worked in museums in New York and Los Angeles and earned her doctorate in Art History at the University of California, Riverside, a masters degree in Latin American and Caribbean Studies, and Museum Studies at New York University, and a masters degree in Arts Administration at Bocconi University.

Ashley Kennard, Ph.D., is a first-generation teacher-scholar who centers her curricula and research on intercultural and intergroup communication, attitudes and persuasion, social identity, and media effects. In the classroom, she challenges students existing frameworks and integrates theory and practice to explore the role of communication in social advocacy and justice work. Her research primarily examines the impact of media representation on identity and attitudes. She earned her Bachelor of Arts in Communication from the University of Cincinnati, and her Master of Arts and doctorate in Communication from The Ohio State University.

Lusie Cuskey, Ph.D., is a theater artist-scholar from Louisville, Kentucky. Cuskey is a director, an actor, and occasionally a dramaturg and stage manager. She is interested in curating bold, consent-forward spaces and developing skills for empathetic collaboration and confident self-advocacy in her communities. As a practitioner, Cuskey works as a theatrical intimacy educator and choreographer, and she is an associate faculty member with Theatrical Intimacy Education. As a scholar, Cuskey writes about performance pedagogy and musical theater with a current research focus on the intersections of queerness and faith in contemporary musical theater. She holds a doctorate in Theatre Studies from the University of Kansas, a Master of Arts in Theatre Arts from the University of Oregon, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Performing Arts (directing, acting) from Western Kentucky University.

Veda Hyunjin Kim, Ph.D., instructs sociology and criminology courses as means of collective emancipation. With students, he strives to understand the social world and take conscious action. Kim researches crimes of the powerful in modern history, and his current book project explores sociological changes in South Korea after 1954. His work has been published in the Journal of Genocide Research and Social Forces. Kim earned his doctorate from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Ohio Wesleyans new faculty join a university where all professors are classroom teachers, instructing, advising, and mentoring students to help them succeed and thrive as they pursue their bachelors degrees and plan their paths in life.

Learn more about academics at Ohio Wesleyan at owu.edu/academics.

Founded in 1842, Ohio Wesleyan University is one of the nations premier liberal arts universities. Located in Delaware, Ohio, the private university offers more than 70 undergraduate majors and competes in 24 NCAA Division III varsity sports. Through its signature experience, the OWU Connection, Ohio Wesleyan teaches students to understand issues from multiple academic perspectives, volunteer in service to others, build a diverse and global perspective, and translate classroom knowledge into real-world experience through internships, research, and other hands-on learning. Ohio Wesleyan is featured in the book Colleges That Change Lives and included on the U.S. News & World Report and Princeton Review Best Colleges lists. Connect with OWU expert interview sources at owu.edu/experts or learn more at owu.edu.

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The role of Social Media analytics in new-age Digital Marketing – Times of India

In the new-age

landscape, where businesses strive to stay competitive and reach their target audiences effectively, social media analytics plays a pivotal role in helping

marketers gain valuable insights about customer behaviour, campaigns optimisation, and driving business growth. Digital marketing, a powerful strategy to reach target audiences online, relies on vast amounts of user-generated data on social media platforms and data-driven insights to make informed decisions.

For digital marketing companies and professionals, staying updated with the latest tools and techniques is crucial. So, a comprehensive

is invaluable for them in acquiring the skills to offer effective digital marketing services in today's competitive market. Moreover, they need a clear understanding of the role of social media analytics in shaping digital marketing practices, its benefits and the importance of data-driven decision-making.

Social Media Analytics Decoded

Social media analytics involves the collection, measurement, and analysis of data obtained from various social media platforms. It encompasses a wide range of metrics, including engagement rates, reach, impressions, click-through rates, sentiment analysis, and demographic information. Through the use of specialised tools and algorithms, marketers can extract meaningful patterns and trends from this data, enabling them to make informed decisions and optimise their digital marketing campaigns.

The Significance of Social Media Analytics

Social media analytics empowers marketers to track engagement, measure campaign performance, and identify trends, enabling them to fine-tune their strategies and deliver more personalised experiences. Here are the most important benefits of this method for digital marketing service providers.

Helps in Analysing Customer Behaviour

: By analysing social media data, digital marketers can understand how customers engage with their brand, what content resonates with them, and the factors that influence their purchasing decisions. This knowledge enables businesses to tailor their marketing strategies, personalise their messaging, and deliver targeted campaigns that strike a chord with their audience.

Enables Influencer Identification and Building Relationships

: Social media analytics also plays a vital role in identifying influential individuals or social media influencers who can promote a brand's products or services. By analysing follower counts, engagement metrics, and sentiment analysis, marketers can pinpoint the most relevant influencers for their target audience. Building relationships with influencers can enhance brand visibility, reach, and credibility, leading to increased customer trust and loyalty.

Promotes Real-Time Monitoring and Crisis Management

: In the fast-paced digital landscape, social media analytics provides marketers with real-time monitoring capabilities. By tracking social media conversations and mentions, businesses can identify potential crises or negative sentiment surrounding their brand. This allows them to address issues promptly, mitigate reputational damage, and maintain a positive brand image. Real-time monitoring also enables digital marketers to leverage positive brand mentions and capitalise on emerging trends or viral content.

Fosters Data-Driven Decision Making

: Social media analytics empowers a digital marketing company to make data-driven decisions by providing actionable insights derived from the analysis of social media data. Instead of relying on assumptions or guesswork, it can use analytics to identify key performance indicators (KPIs), measure campaign effectiveness, and optimize their digital marketing strategies. This data-driven approach increases the likelihood of success, enhances ROI, and minimizes risks associated with uninformed decision-making.

Enhances Audience Targeting and Personalization

: Social media analytics allows marketers to segment their audience based on demographics, interests, and behaviour, enabling more precise targeting. By understanding customer preferences and interests, businesses can deliver highly personalized content and offers, improving the overall customer experience. This level of personalization increases the chances of conversion, customer satisfaction, and long-term loyalty.

Conclusion

In the new-age digital marketing landscape, social media analytics has revolutionised the way businesses understand and engage with their target audience. From understanding customer behaviour to enabling data-driven decision-making, social media analytics leads to increased brand awareness, customer satisfaction, and business growth.

FAQs

How can social media analytics help in digital marketing?

Social media analytics provides valuable insights into customer behaviour, preferences, and trends, allowing businesses to optimise their digital marketing strategies, target specific audiences, and measure campaign performance effectively.

What is digital marketing?

Digital marketing refers to the use of various online channels and strategies, such as social media, search engines, email marketing, and content creation, to promote products or services and reach a wider target audience.

How can you use social media analytics tools to grow your business?

Social media analytics tools can be used to gain insights into customer preferences, track campaign performance, identify influencers, and make data-driven decisions, ultimately driving business growth and success.

How can big data analytics be useful in social media analytics?

Big data analytics in social media analytics allows for the processing and analysis of vast amounts of data, enabling businesses to uncover meaningful patterns, trends, and insights for effective decision-making and strategy development.

How do you extract trends from social media data?

To extract trends from social media data, one can utilise data mining techniques, sentiment analysis, and monitoring tools to identify recurring patterns, popular topics, and emerging trends based on user engagement and conversations.

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Newcrest Mining (ASX:NCM) Shareholders Will Want The ROCE Trajectory To Continue – Simply Wall St

What trends should we look for it we want to identify stocks that can multiply in value over the long term? Amongst other things, we'll want to see two things; firstly, a growing return on capital employed (ROCE) and secondly, an expansion in the company's amount of capital employed. Put simply, these types of businesses are compounding machines, meaning they are continually reinvesting their earnings at ever-higher rates of return. So on that note, Newcrest Mining (ASX:NCM) looks quite promising in regards to its trends of return on capital.

For those that aren't sure what ROCE is, it measures the amount of pre-tax profits a company can generate from the capital employed in its business. Analysts use this formula to calculate it for Newcrest Mining:

Return on Capital Employed = Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) (Total Assets - Current Liabilities)

0.067 = US$1.1b (US$17b - US$794m) (Based on the trailing twelve months to December 2022).

So, Newcrest Mining has an ROCE of 6.7%. Ultimately, that's a low return and it under-performs the Metals and Mining industry average of 11%.

View our latest analysis for Newcrest Mining

In the above chart we have measured Newcrest Mining's prior ROCE against its prior performance, but the future is arguably more important. If you're interested, you can view the analysts predictions in our free report on analyst forecasts for the company.

While in absolute terms it isn't a high ROCE, it's promising to see that it has been moving in the right direction. The data shows that returns on capital have increased substantially over the last five years to 6.7%. The amount of capital employed has increased too, by 50%. So we're very much inspired by what we're seeing at Newcrest Mining thanks to its ability to profitably reinvest capital.

To sum it up, Newcrest Mining has proven it can reinvest in the business and generate higher returns on that capital employed, which is terrific. And investors seem to expect more of this going forward, since the stock has rewarded shareholders with a 54% return over the last five years. In light of that, we think it's worth looking further into this stock because if Newcrest Mining can keep these trends up, it could have a bright future ahead.

On the other side of ROCE, we have to consider valuation. That's why we have a FREE intrinsic value estimation on our platform that is definitely worth checking out.

While Newcrest Mining isn't earning the highest return, check out this free list of companies that are earning high returns on equity with solid balance sheets.

Find out whether Newcrest Mining is potentially over or undervalued by checking out our comprehensive analysis, which includes fair value estimates, risks and warnings, dividends, insider transactions and financial health.

Have feedback on this article? Concerned about the content? Get in touch with us directly. Alternatively, email editorial-team (at) simplywallst.com.

This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.

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Rise and fall of Byju’s A Corporate Governance Failure – Daily Excelsior

Prof. D MukhopadhyayThe rise of Byjus, an Indian edtech unicorn, had been a remarkable success story in recent years. Founded in 2011 by Byju Raveendran, the company quickly gained popularity with its innovative approach to online education, attracting millions of users and securing substantial investments from prominent venture capitalists. However, beneath its glossy exterior, Byjus journey is marred by allegations of corporate governance fiasco , which eventually led to its downfall. This write-up explores the proximate causes of the rise and fall of Byjus, and sheds light on the recent hue and cry leading to Indias most eye-catching valuable startup with a valuation of $22 billion i.e about INR 1,8 lakh crore defaulted in servicing a debt of $1.2 billion i.e about INR 10,000 crore. Byjus began as a modest startup, offering video-based educational content to students across India. The companys early success could be attributed to its adaptive learning technology and engaging teaching methods, which resonated with a growing market of tech-savvy students. Byjus managed to secure significant investments from prominent investors, such as Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Sequoia Capital, enabling its expansion and aggressive marketing campaigns. As a result, the company quickly became a household name in the Indian education sector, boasting millions of users and a valuation of billions of dollars.Despite its soaring success, Byjus journey was marred by various instances of corporate governance failures stymied by opaque accountability and transparency in the companys financial reporting.. Multiple reports and investigations revealed that Byjus indulged in unethical accounting practices, such as , inflating its operational revenue to attract more investments and such fraudulent activities eroded the trust of investors and raised serious concerns about the companys integrity. Byjus faced allegations of mishandling sensitive users information, breaching privacy regulations and engaging in aggressive data mining practices. These revelations not only damaged the companys reputation but also triggered legal action and regulatory scrutiny. The lack of data protection measures and transparency further exposed the weak corporate governance framework within the organization.Delioitte , Byjus Auditor, resigned on the ground that startup had not provided its financials over a year. Besides, three independent directors representing investors and lenders also resigned . The firm has been subject to lawsuits by the investors. It failed to honour the financial covenants and interestingly, Byjus filed counter lawsuits against the creditors and lenders. There has been a considerable number of layoffs and the prevalence of utter-chaos in the corporate governance mechanism which rocked the corporate world. The fiasco reminded the importance of robust corporate governance and the role of independent corporate governance professionals Chartered Accountants (CAs), Cost and Management Accountants(CMAs) and Company Secretaries(CSs) besides the auditors who are crucial in guiding the corporate governance and strategic management of the firm by signaling appropriate warnings for potential derailment and guiding the strategic management in earning investors confidence and trust. As far as auditors are concerned, they assess the accuracy and reliability of financial statements and ensure compliance with the applicable accounting standards, provide an independent and objective evaluation of a companys financial records, internal controls, and financial reporting system. In the case of Byjus, auditors are responsible for conducting thorough audits, including examining the companys financial statements, verifying revenue recognition practices and assessing the authenticity of financial data and confidence of investors in the financial transparency and accuracy of the companys disclosures.Chartered Accountants (CAs) specialize in various aspects of financial accounting, corporate finance, and taxation and they could play a significant role in corporate governance affairs by providing expert advice on financial management, compliance with accounting standards, risk assessment and adherence to ethical accounting practices.Similarly, Cost & Management Accountants(CMAs) have a critical role in keeping the company on track and maintaining the momentum in securing strategic performance , monitoring, evaluating and reporting the periodic results . CMAs specialize in strategic management accounting, analyses and interpretations of financial information for management decision-making. Their expertise lies in cost management, beyond-budgeting, strategic performance evaluation, and financial planning. In the case of Byjus, CMAs could contribute to effective corporate governance by providing insights into cost efficiency, profitability analysis, enterprise risk management, assisting investors gauge the companys financial health and its ability to generate sustainable returns. Finally, Company Secretaries (CSs) play a significant role in ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, as well as facilitating effective corporate governance practices.They are responsible for maintaining statutory records, facilitating board meetings, ensuring compliance with company laws, and advising on corporate governance matters periodically. In the case of Byjus, CSs would ensure the companys compliance with relevant laws and regulations, facilitate transparency, maintain a strong corporate governance framework and contribute to building investors confidence in the companys operations. Further, many researchers examined the relationship between corporate governance practices and stock market returns of publicly traded firms and their findings revealed a negative correlation between weak corporate governance and stock performance, indicating that investors tend to lose confidence in companies with governance issues, which has exactly happened in Byjus.To overcome the challenges and regain stakeholders trust, Byjus should consider implementing the recommendations for strengthening corporate governance practices to ensure transparency, accountability, and adherence to ethical standards. This can be achieved by appointing independent directors with expertise in corporate governance. These directors can provide unbiased oversight and ensure that the company operates in the best interests of its stakeholders. Stringent internal controls, robust financial reporting mechanisms, and regular audits can restore confidence in its financial operations, regain trust of the investors. Byjus should prioritize transparency and disclosure of accurate and reliable information to investors, regulators, and the public. Byjus must adhere to accounting standards and present financial statements reflecting manipulated financial performance. Transparent reporting and disclosure practices would help rebuild credibility and foster trust among stakeholders, besides , strengthening data protection measures. The company should strictly comply with relevant data protection regulations and standards, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Personal Data Protection system in order to assure users that their personal information is safe and secure, which will not only help rebuild trust but also mitigate legal and regulatory risks besides, fostering a culture of ethical conduct within strong ethical framework in the organization.Byjus should create an environment that encourages employees to act ethically and report any violations and non-compliance they witness.To actively engage with the stakeholders, including investors, customers, employees, and regulators, establishing open lines of communication, providing updates on corrective measures, and gathering feedback to improve its operations are urgently called for.The company should develop a robust risk management framework to identify and mitigate potential risks, including conducting regular risk assessments, implementing risk mitigation strategies, and monitoring risk exposure. Byjus should proactively collaborate with regulatory authorities such as the Securities Exchange Board of India(SEBI), the Ministry of Corporate Affairs(MCA), and other relevant bodies and demonstrate its willingness to cooperate and adhere to regulatory requirements in order to rebuild credibility and foster a positive relationship with the authorities overseeing corporate governance practices.As far as investors are concerned, in the wake of Byjus fiasco and to seek justice and mitigate credit risk, they are recommended to protect their interests by consulting with legal experts specializing in corporate law, securities law, and consumer protection laws in securing their rights and the available legal remedies which may include filing lawsuits against Byjus for fraud, misrepresentation, or breach of fiduciary duties. Investors and creditors should actively engage with regulatory authorities such as SEBI , MCA and other appropriate authorities to ensure appropriate action against Byjus. Besides, creditors should individually consider a robust credit risk management practice involving due diligence on potential borrowers, assessing their financial health, and monitoring their performance regularly by professionals, besides diversifying their portfolios and avoiding excessive exposure to a single borrower or company in order to reduce the impact of any individual default or credit unworthiness.Investors and creditors can also explore options for obtaining compensation through negotiations with Byjus. The companys management, board and legal representatives should seek restitution or settlement. By presenting a strong case backed by evidence and highlighting the impact of Byjus fraudulent activities, investors and creditors may have a chance to recover some of their losses through negotiated settlements or financial restitution. Moreover, investors and creditors should stay informed about the ongoing developments related to Byjus and its legal proceedings. The rise and fall of Byjus serve as a cautionary tale, highlighting the dire consequences of corporate governance failures over again and again starting,,, with M/s Satyam Computers or dates back Harshad Mehtas fraudulent activities and financial scams once severely rocked the Indian Capital Markets which have all circumstantially been evidencing inefficient and ineffectiveness of the existing regulatory mechasim reactive in nature and many a time fail to maintain their proactive role as the watch dog of the corporate sector. Despite its initial success, Byjus unethical practices, lack of transparencyand disregard for data privacy ultimately led to its downfall. It may not necessitate any special attestation to the corporate governance failure at Byjus, underscoring the importance of a robust governance framework in any organization . This serves as a reminder for both investors and companies to prioritize integrity, transparency, and accountability to foster sustainable growth and maintain public confidence and trust. Overcoming the challenges faced by Byjus requires a comprehensive approach that prioritizes integrity, transparency, and accountability and the investors and lenders are advised to have constant vigilance over the commercial operation and flow of authentic and reliable information . It may not be too much to say that critical success factors, including risks, need to be identified and investors should do their homework before deciding to park their investments in any portfolio, keeping in view the spirit of the maxim- Caveat Emptor .(The author is a Bangalore-based Educationist and Management Scientist)

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