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The overall theme of the year was two-fold: how can this technology make our lives easier and how can we protect privacy while enjoying those benefits? Natural language processing development continued and enterprises increasingly looked to AI and machine learning in 2019 for automation. Meanwhile, consumers became more concerned about the privacy of all that data theyre creating and enterprises are collecting, with consequences for businesses especially those that rely on said data for various technological processes or must invest in ensuring its security.

This year was a big one for analytics, big data and artificial intelligence but at the current pace of development, every subsequent year in this sector seems bigger than the last. Here are five of the leading stories in big data, AI and machine learning in 2019, with an eye to how they may continue to unfold in 2020.

Related: Prepare for Machine Learning in the Enterprise

The dominance of Amazons digital personal assistant, Alexa, in the home is clear, but this falls slew of new Alexa product announcementswas a sign that the workplace is the logical next step. An Alexa-powered enterprise seems increasingly likely as Facebook, Google and Microsoft all put their own resources into advancing natural language processingfor both voice-powered assistants and chatbots. The tech will become even more important if the growth of robotic process automation (see below) also continues and it emerges as another way to automate things in the enterprise space.

In 2019, it became increasingly clear that the enterprise is past preparing for the impact of machine learningon their operations and into the time for action for organizations that want to stay ahead of the enterprise machine learning curve. According to Gartner, seven out of 10 enterprises will be using some form of AI in the workplace by 2021.

The countrys most populous state and one thats home to many tech companies finished negotiations for its GDPR-esque California Consumer Privacy Actin September, with the law taking effect on the first day of 2020. Many tech companies put up strong opposition to CCPR, but Microsoft unexpectedly announcedin November that it would apply the regulations to customers across the country. Its a sign that the tech giant anticipates that CCPR isnt the only law of its kind likely to take effect in the U.S., especially as the push for federal regulationscontinues. Microsoft recently announced a regulatory compliance dashboard in Azure and AI-powered recommendations in the Microsoft 365 admin center to include guidance for compliance with the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation.

The world beyond the United States continued to affect the adoption and use of machine learning and big data in this country in 2019. Visa issuesaffected not just talent acquisition a challenge for the enterprise in taking AI and machine learning in 2019 from the organizational wishlist to implementation but also research, as it hampered conference travel. Chinas own advancements in artificial intelligence, and the ethical issues related to data privacythat have emerged, could also affect policy and practices in the U.S. especially as things shift to 5G. Barring a sea change in China related to data collection and use, the country should continue to affect tech adoption here in the United States in 2020.

Robotic process automation a group of technologies that let line of business users set up, launch and administer virtual workers sans the IT department is still a small sector in software. Worldwide revenue was at $850 million in 2018. However, its also a quickly growing one because it frees up workers from routine work and cuts labor costs. As automation becomes more robust, natural language processing continues to advance quickly and data quality improves, look for this sectors growth to continue in 2020 -- with big potential in IT and HR departments in particular. Robotic process automation is here to assume the standardized, routine tasks for any organization that generates or uses data.

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Machine Learning in 2019 Was About Balancing Privacy and Progress - ITPro Today