Mind-blowing beer and train facts

Beer arrived first, but the railroads helped this favorite beverage grow to national prominence. The beer in your glass, however, is not the whole story. Throughout history there are many twists and turns in the relationship between beer and trains. Here are five mind-blowing beer and train facts.

In April 2011, Molson Coors Canada, working with VIA Rail, fielded a real Coors Light Silver Bullet train for an excursion party through the Canadian Rockies. Departing from Edmonton, Alberta, the 100 lucky passengers (contest winners) were treated to great scenery and on-board amenities like an arcade car, a sports car, a cinema car, and the Neon Boxcar, the ultimate Coors Light nightclub on rails.

VIA Rail provided a pair of F40PH-2s for power. The locomotives were graphically wrapped to resemble the animated locomotives seen in Coors Light television commercials.

In January 1850, Friedrich and Maximilian Schaefer moved their prosperous brewery to the corner of Park (Fourth) Avenue and 51st Street, New York. As part of the construction, they excavated a lagering cave 30 feet wide and 250 feet deep. The new cooling facility was to hold a double row of beer casks. By 1871, Schaefer would be the eighth-largest U.S. brewer, rolling out more than 43,000 barrels annually.

The F.&M. Schaefer brewery also enjoyed the services of the New York Central and Harlem River Railroads. The railroad tracks came right up to the west side of the brewery at street level along Park Avenue. Receiving grain and other materials by rail couldnt be more convenient.

In 1871, few blocks south at 42nd Street, the New York Central; New York, New Haven & Hartford; and Harlem River Railroads opened Grand Central Depot. The new station sent passenger traffic in Manhattan on an upward trajectory. It also sent citizens complaining about the number of trains and accidents occurring on Park Avenue.

By the late 1870s, the situation had reached its breaking point. The solution: The tracks had to go. Building up was not an option; going down, however, held promise, so the tracks went underground. Over the next 30 years, several waves of railroad construction radically altered Park Avenue.

Digging this subterranean rail route required several million cubic feet of dirt and rock to be excavated. Although the Park Avenue area was a less-than-desirable section of town, as opposed to its contemporary high-profile status, there were some concerns over existing structures when the steam shovels and cranes pitched in. One of those was the F.&M. Schaefer brewery and its lagering cave. In the construction, Schaefer lost its street-level rail spur. Although there were concerns on both sides about hitting or damaging the lagering cave, little damage was done. The below-street-level, passenger-car holding yard ended right across East 50th Street from the brewery.

By the time Grand Central Terminal opened on Feb. 2, 1913, Park Avenue was well on its way to being a fashionable residential address. The factories along Park Avenue, including F.&M. Schaefer, had to go. In 1916, the brewery moved its operations to Brooklyn, selling its Manhattan property. One block front became the Ambassador Hotel, the other St. Bartholomews Church. The land sale netted the brewery significant cash for its new plant.

At the dawn of the 20th century, Pabst was clearly a recognized name. When Johann Gottlieb Friedrich Pabst arrived in America, he had not a penny to his name. He grew his brewing empire to one of the largest in the nation, and from its proceeds built a comfortable life for his family and enriched his community. To say that Pabst was well respected is an understatement.

As Christmas 1903 approached, the health of Captain Pabst was beginning to fail. The family gathered to celebrate the holiday with as much festivity as possible. In the week following Christmas Gustave Pabst, the eldest son, and his wife Hilda traveled by train to visit her parents in St. Louis.

As New Years Day approached Captain Pabst took a turn for the worse. With family at his side, he died on Jan. 1, 1904, at 12 p.m.

Word was sent for Gustave and Hilda to return to Milwaukee immediately. A private train was quickly chartered and left St. Louis late in the afternoon on Jan. 1. The grieving couple arrived in Milwaukee at 12:30 a.m., Jan. 2, 1904. The trip was made in near-record time.

Pullman porters and waiters had strict rules detailing the procedure for serving a beer. It was all about good service the same type of service to be expected in a fine restaurant or club. Pullmans 1939 Commissary Instructions, a pocket-sized book issued to all chefs, waiters, busboys, and ground personnel, included a plethora of detailed instructions. Along with rules on how to handle meal checks, proper uniform, cocktail recipes, and how to serve popular menu items, could be found the 12 steps required to serve a beer.

Beer

Adolphus Busch think Budweiser spared no expense when it came to enjoying the finer things available to those with means during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Busch maintained two homes in St. Louis, two more in Pasadena, Calif., a hop farm and retreat outside Cooperstown, N.Y., and two villas around Langenschwalbach, Germany.

To conduct business and visit his properties, Busch owned and traveled aboard a private Pullman car. The car, named Adolphus, was presented to him in the early 1900s by the brewerys board of directors in appreciation for building the brewing empire bearing his name.

Without saying, the Adolphus was appointed with all form of luxuries to ensure comfort while traveling. Busch also had an office aboard the car. It was stocked with records and notes identical to his office at the brewery so that business could be conducted on the road. At the St. Louis brewery, Adolphus was stored inside its own facility. When Busch returned to the brewery aboard his car, a cannon war fired to herald his arrival.

Anheuser-Busch Co. had a second Adolphus in the 1950s. Built by the Wabash at their Decatur, Ill., shops, the car was used by August Busch Jr. until it was sold in 1965.

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Five mind-blowing beer and train facts - TRAINS Magazine

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HR has become the center of experimentation for leaders thinking about how A.I. will transform the workplace. Perhaps no one knows this better than Ravin Jesuthasan, global leader for transformation services at consulting firm Mercer, who advises some of the corporate worlds top HR executives on the rapid advances and changes in the ways employees perform their jobs everyday. One of his main areas of focus lately is generative A.I. and how it will affect HR practices. He spoke with Fortune about some of the new tech tools hes evaluating, like ChatGPT, and how he believes they will change the role of CHROs.

This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.

Fortune: Where do leaders often go wrong when evaluating the latest A.I. tools like ChatGPT?

Ravin Jesuthasan: Not leading with the work and instead leading with the tech. Unfortunately, were seeing a lot of leaders get really enamored with ChatGPT-3, and even more so now, GPT-4, which is incredibly more powerful. But unfortunately, when they lead with the tech they see a binary narrative between the talent performing the work and that particular automation solution.

Alternatively, what we consistently see with companies who lead with the work is they see where highly repetitive rules-based work can get substituted. They see where the creative things that we do might get augmented by tools like A.I. They see where our critical thinking, and our ability to express empathy and concern, might be supercharged by some of these tools and make us even more productive. And they also see something that often goes missed, which is where the presence of these automations can actually create space for new human work or create the demand for new human skills.

Do you think this technology is just another trend, or does it feel like its here to stay?

Oh, its definitely here to stay. And its not unanticipated. You can go back to 2014 when Google bought DeepMind Technologies. DeepMind brought a lot of the advances in neural networks to the publics visibility. We also started to see innovations with IBM Watson making some significant progress with [cancer] diagnoses, although it was very rough.

We always assume that automation is going to come in and substitute what humans do, but in 90% of the cases that automation is too blunt an instrument in its early days. It really needs the human alongside it, both to teach it as well as to apply that judgment to what the algorithm is telling us. I think thats one thing that we have to really understandits much more nuanced than we typically think.

We also often overestimate the near-term impact of emerging technologies and we underestimate the long-term impact of these technologies. But until we understand the nuances, we wont get the full value from them. It goes back to the idea of needing to lead with the work and not with the next bright, shiny object.

How do you see the latest technological innovations enhancing the future of training and reskilling?

Its got massive potential. Particularly with advances in virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. One of the things weve talked about is as people redesign the work, how do we design in space for learning into the flow of work? There is real potential to compress the learning cycle and to blend it with the doing cycle, if you will.

What do you think these advances mean for the future of the HR department?

It advances HR as a strategic orchestrator of work and the development of the workforce. HR is going to need to orchestrate the perpetual upskilling and reskilling of the workforce and utilize systems and tools like skill taxonomies and skill prices. All of these tools give HR insight into the overall cost structure of the company and where value is being created. And, most importantly, as the demand for work changes, these advances will translate into direct signals for how the talent needs to be upskilled and reskilled so that the talent is ready at a time when you know the work will be in demand.

Amber Burtonamber.burton@fortune.com@amberbburton

The most compelling data, quotes, and insights from the field.

In a conversation last week with human capital research firm i4CP, Pinterests chief people officer Christine Deputy shared some advice for HR leaders navigating uncertain times.

Have perspective. We can get very focused and build energy around whats happening right this minute. We have an opportunity to be the person at the table who steps back a little bit, and says, Lets look at the whole context. Lets look at the opportunities ahead. How do we get better as a result of this experience?

A round-up of the most important HR headlines, studies, podcasts, and long-reads.

Employers are seeking an older set of workers. Federal data finds that employees over the age of 55 are the fastest growing segment in the workforce. Wall Street Journal

Labor laws have made it difficult for Big Tech firms like Google and Amazon to lay off employees in Europe. Bloomberg

Its been over a year since President Biden signed a $1 trillion infrastructure bill to update roads and bridges around the U.S., but hiring managers say theyre still struggling to find enough skilled construction workers to fill the jobs. NPR

Work-life balance remains elusive to many as job insecurity spreads and employees feel heightened pressure to prove their productivity. Insider

Everything you need to know from Fortune.

Chipotles hiring woes. Chipotle has big plans to double its number of restaurants over the next decade, but labor unrest and high employee turnover in the industry has left some investors doubtful. Phil Wahba

Cost-cutting conundrum. The majority of leaders admit that theyve made snap decisions with cost-cutting in mind. Over a third say they regret their rushed decisions that resulted in scaled back perks and mass layoffs. Orianna Rosa Royle

C-suite moves South. Visa asked its chief diversity officer and head of corporate responsibility to move to its Atlanta office to help diversify corporate ranks in the city. Ellen McGirt

Link:
How HR leaders can leverage A.I. to transform workand where they often go wrong - Fortune

Sleep is essential throughout someones life to maintain overall health and well-being. How good or bad someones sleep is or what happens when one is sleeping influences how a person feels while he is fully awake. A persons body works during sleep which, in turn, promotes healthy brain function and physical health.

Also, sleep helps children and adolescents grow and develop. Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of chronic health problems over time. This could also have an impact on the way a person thinks, responds, operates, understands and interacts with others.

The biological clock functions while sleeping as well as during wakefulness throughout the day. The circadian rhythm refers to this 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. The internal clock is housed in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. It reacts to external cues that tell the body that it is indeed time to sleep.

Circadian rhythm disruption can occur as a result of the following factors:

Fortunately, there are steps you can take to improve your sleeping habits and reset your circadian rhythm.

When one is anxious or stressed, the body produces more cortisol, the stress hormone. The higher someones cortisol level, the more alert one will feel. Making a relaxing bedtime routine can help to reduce stress and its negative effects on sleep.

Concentrate on relaxing activities such as yoga, stretching, meditation, journaling and deep breathing and consume caffeine-free tea.

Planning light exposure is one of the most effective ways to improve the sleep schedule. When exposed to light, the brain produces less melatonin, the sleep hormone. This keeps us awake and alert. Darkness signals the brain to produce more melatonin, making people sleepier.

Exposing yourself to light in the morning can help you towake up. Consider opening the drapes, taking a walk or sitting on the porch. Turn off or dim bright lights at night to prepare yourself for sleep. Youshould also avoid glowing electronic screens such as those found on computers, smartphones, and televisions because they can stimulate your brain for several hours.

The biological clock is linked to the majority of the tissues, including skeletal muscle. As a result, when someone exercises, the muscles respond by aligning their circadian rhythm. Exercise also improves sleep by increasing melatonin production. Thirty minutes of moderate aerobic exercise at night may improve sleep quality. However, regular exercise will yield the best results.

Avoid taking naps during the day if your sleep schedule is out of control at times. Taking a nap can make it challenging to fall asleep again at night.Long naps may also result in drowsiness, which is caused by waking up from a deep sleep.If you have to nap, limit yourself to no more than 30 minutes. It also is best to nap before 3 pm to avoid disrupting your night-time sleep.

In conclusion, avoid bright lights and heavy meals before going to bed. Make the sleeping environment as comfortable, quiet and cool as possible. Stay active during the day and avoid naps to improve your sleep cycle.

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Train Your Mind For Effective Sleep With These Steps | Metropolis ... - Metropolis Healthcare

As artificial intelligence research evolves, new advances and technologies regularly make national headlines. In the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, part of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University, many faculty members are among the AI experts and thought leaders broadening this field.

Our schools exceptional faculty members are constantly striving to innovate in the AI field with dynamic research, says Ross Maciejewski, director of the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and a professor of computer science. Their passion has positioned our school as a national leader in AI and allows us to witness critical advancement in this area firsthand.

YooJung Choi, an assistant professor of computer science, is one of these researchers. Her work focuses on probabilistic modeling, an essential component of AI that explores uncertainty in models knowledge by explicitly representing it as a probability distribution. Acknowledging uncertainty in these models helps humans build trust in AI technologies.

For our research, we introduce discrimination patterns, or examples of when AI algorithms show bias, Choi says. We show that a large number of these patterns may exist in a probabilistic model and then propose efficient, exact and approximate discrimination pattern miners to find and remove them from probabilistic circuits.

Her research aims to provide efficient and easy-to-understand auditing of AI models to help reinforce their fairness or lack of bias. She and her team are then able to suggest better algorithms for removing these discrimination patterns to create fairer models.

Choi hopes this research will be used to identify and eliminate discrimination patterns early in the development of probabilistic AI models, allowing researchers to create fairer models from the start.

The School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence is also exploring action language, specifically, a new language named mA* that is under development by Chitta Baral, a professor of computer science. Action languages in AI describe commands and instructions for machines and analyze how they can perform requests.

Were working to develop a foundation for reasoning about actions in a multi-agent scenario, where an agent may perform actions not just to achieve an objective, but also to deceive other agents, Baral says.

He and his research team are investigating how their mA* action language can bridge the capabilities of a multi-agent domain, which allows for multiple decision-making opportunities at once rather than a single decision at one time.

The teams goal in developing this language is to take a first step toward creating scalable and efficient automated reasoning and planning systems in multi-agent domains.

In addition to faculty, ASU students are also key contributors in leading AI research. Computer science graduate students Kaize Ding and Yancheng Wang are working closely with Yingzhen Yang, an assistant professor of computer science, and Huan Liu, a Regents Professor of computer science, to conduct research on graph contrastive learning, or GCL, a technique for learning generalizable graph representations through contrasting the augmented views of the input graph. In computer science, a graph is a group of data points linked together in complex ways

This technique is used to improve the performance of self-supervised representation learning of graph neural networks, or GNNs, which are a family of deep learning models designed for graph-structured data.

The team is developing a framework called Simple Neural Networks with Structural and Semantic Contrastive Learning, or S3-CL to address the limitations in unsupervised GCL, which helps better capture global knowledge within a graph. The new framework has proven it can outperform other unsupervised GCL methods.

Ivan Zvonkov, an incoming doctoral student who will join computer science Assistant Professor Hannah Kerners lab in the fall, also leads research using machine learning and remote sensing data to form predicted maps of geographic regions. His work with Kerner also extends into a project with NASA Harvest, in which this mapping is used to inform indigenous farmers in Maui County, Hawaii to help combat local food insecurity.

One of the forums for sharing innovative research in the AI field is the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, or AAAI, conference, which fosters discussion between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students and engineers spanning an array of AI disciplines.

The 2023 AAAI conference took place in Washington, D.C., and included presentations from all the aforementioned faculty members and students showcasing the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligences research.

Subbarao Kambhampati, a professor of computer science and global AI thought leader, spoke at the conferences Bridge: AI and Law program. There, he discussed the need for explainability and transparency in AI technologies.

Additionally, Kambhampati co-chaired the New Faculty Highlights program, which spotlights promising AI professionals early in their careers such as Choi, who was recognized in the session.

In addition to his involvement, Kambhampatis students also presented four research papers at the Representation Learning for Responsible Human-Centric AI workshop and one at the Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security workshop.

Paulo Shakarian, an associate professor of computer science, collaborated with Baral in creating a half-day tutorial session. The researchers showcased advances in neuro-symbolic reasoning, or NSR, an emerging field of AI that combines ideas from computational logic and deep learning.

Some people think that NSR is going to be an important part of achieving artificial general intelligence, says Shakarian, who presented the mini course with colleagues from Argentinas Universidad Nacional del Sur and the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, in addition to Baral.

The tutorial session aimed to educate researchers looking to understand the current landscape of NSR research and attract those looking to apply NSR research in areas such as natural language processing and verification.

Participants explored an overview of the frameworks of NSR, neuro-symbolic approaches for deduction, combining NSR with logic and applications, challenges and opportunities that this field faces.

AAAI is one of the top, if not the top, scientific conference in AI, Shakarian says, so it was quite an honor to hold a session to present our tutorial there.

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ASU research expands artificial intelligence knowledge - Full Circle

In short

In Q1 2023, economic uncertainty was at the forefront of CEOs minds globally and across the board. In 2023, 61% of all earnings calls discussed inflation, 23% talked about recession, and 38% mentioned interest rates. Even though inflation (-6% decline in mentions compared to Q4/2022) and recession (-25%) were less prevalent than in the last quarter of 2022, economic uncertainty was still the elephant in the room.

AI was discussed by 17% of CEOs (+ 41%). The interest in AI and machine learning was sparked by the release of ChatGPT and the discussions around potential use cases. ChatGPT was mentioned by 2.7% of companies in earnings calls in Q1/2023 (compared to no mentions in the previous quarter).

The labor market continues to rise in importance on CEOs list of topics. Layoffs were discussed in 6% of all earnings calls (+84% compared to Q4/2022), and 18% discussed wages (+8% from Q4/2022).

Another key upcoming theme in Q1/2023 is Industry 4.0 and related topics. Industrial automation was discussed in 0.6% of all earnings calls(+57% compared to Q4/2022). However, the strongest increase in this group was registered for the keyword predictive maintenance, which increased by +136%.

With supply chains slowly improving and supply shortages easing, discussions around shortages in general (-21%) and chip shortages (-35%) more specifically decreased strongly in Q1/2023.

Another theme that reduced in importance in Q1/2023 was the metaverse. The metaverse as a keyword declined by -64% in Q1/2023. Related technologies, such as virtual reality (-24%) and augmented reality (-12%), also declined.

The analysis highlighted in this article presents the results of IoT Analytics research involving the Q1/2023 earnings calls of ~3,000 US-listed companies. The resulting visualization is an indication of the digital and related topics that CEOs prioritized in Q1/2023. The chart visualizes keyword importance and growth.

X-axis:Keyword importance (i.e., how many companies mentioned the keyword in earnings calls in Q2)the further out the keyword falls on the x-axis, the more often the topic was mentioned.

Y-axis:Keyword growth (i.e., the increase or decrease in mentions from Q4/2022 to Q1/2023)a higher number on the y-axis indicated that the topic had gained importance, while a negative number indicated decreased importance.

Read our Q4/2022 analysishere.

Three technological themes of interest in Q1/2023 are highlighted in this article in greater depth: AI & ChatGPT, Industry 4.0, and the metaverse.

ChatGPT was released on 30 November 2022. The chatbot, which is built on a large language model by OpenAI, went viral and set records as thefastest-growingconsumer application in history, reaching 100 million active users within two months of its launch. ChatGPT sparked discussions around potential use cases of AI in general. 17% of all earnings calls mentioned AI, which constitutes a strong increase of +41% in Q1/2023. More specifically, generative AI was discussed by 2.7% of all earnings calls (an increase of nearly 1,600%) and conversational AI was mentioned in 0.5% of earnings calls.

ChatGPT was mentioned in 2.7% of all earnings calls, up from zero mentions in the last quarter. The CEO of IBM highlights the release of ChatGPT as one of the three key moments for AI in the last decade (after IBM Watson winning Jeopardy and DeepMind winning GO competitions). So far, most discussions that mention ChatGPT occur within earnings calls of technology companies that talk about how they want to market the new technology. Most applications have not reached large-scale adoption by enterprise end-users. But the potential is tremendous, including use cases of generative AI for IoT.

Were excited about ChatGPT being built on Azure and having the traction it has. So, we look to both. There is an investment part to it and there is a commercial partnership. But fundamentally, its going to be something thats going to drive, I think, innovation and competitive differentiation in every one of the Microsoft solutions by leading in AI.

AI has become a big topic of conversation this year [] If I think about it, over the last decade, I think there were three moments you can talk about, [] One, when IBM won Jeopardy with Watson, [] Second, when deep mind from Google or Alphabet started winning competitions around, for example, GO [] and now with OpenAI and ChatGPT.

Generative AI is an extremely exciting new area with so many applications, and one of my goals for Meta is to build on our research to become a leader in generative AI in addition to our leading work in recommendation AI.

If you think about it, early days of AI or training models and things like that, that needed access to big data sets. But I think as time goes on, big data sets have to be very real time to make decisions that are relevant in the moment.

And sometimes, they need to be kept at the edge because you have a lot of video data, for example, at the edge, to make good decisions on consumer behavior or inventory, [] all these new applications that are coming.

As this analysis clearly shows, many companies discuss how to fight rising inflation, labor costs, and general cost pressure. Many business leaders come to the result that more, not less, investment into digitization is the solution. Therefore, even during times of economic uncertainty, spending on enterprise IoT is expected to stay strong prior to 2027.

This expectation is also reflected in boardroom discussions: predictive maintenance (+136%), remote monitoring (+62%), and industrial automation (+57%) were discussed much more than in Q4 2022. Vendors and end users emphasize cost cutting through IoT-connected solutions. For example, machine vision enables many Industry 4.0-related use cases, such as flaw detection and operation optimization.

Note: The IoT Analytics team will be at the worlds largest industrial fair, Hannover Messe 2023, in mid-April 2023 to discuss industrial transformation and Industry 4.0. Make sure to reach out!

The market is still in the early stages of adopting machine vision. Most companies are still highly reliant on labor, and very few warehouses globally are realizing the full potential of automation.

[] We saw that in our cost of maintenance last year, our ability to run our equipment at, well, really flat maintenance costs in the face of very, very strong inflationary pressure. So thats a credit to that team and the work theyve done from a predictive maintenance standpoint.

Ive talked about how inflation has an impact on our cost, but conversely, it can also have a benefit in terms of our business and our value proposition. This is because our monitoring solutions reduce the personnel costs, travel time, emissions, and overall environmental impact required to maintain industrial equipment and critical systems. Therefore, as our customers costs increase, the return on investment of our services to them also improves. [] Remote monitoring will always be a significantly less expensive alternative than physical inspection, particularly with higher personnel and fuel costs.

Mentions of the metaverse decreased by 64%. The keyword was mentioned in 0.4% of all earnings calls in Q1 2023. That constitutes a steep decline since its peak in Q1/2022 when a couple of companies jumped on the hype train and announced their own (industrial) metaverse projects, including Microsoft, Siemens, Disney, Nvidia, and Meta. In Q1/2022, about 2% of all earnings calls discussed the metaverse. However, in the last quarter, a lot of related layoffs and announcements show that the trend might be over for now. Microsoft laid off its Metaverse core team of roughly 100 employees in February 2023, and Google announced the end of its Google Glass Enterprise Edition. Some consumer-focused companies, such as Disney, have ended their metaverse projects for now.

While the keyword metaverse might lose steam, related technologies are likely to stick around. The CEO of T-Mobile, Mike Sievert, said the following during an earnings call in October 2022: No matter what you believe about how the metaverse might or might not unfold, clearly more immersive 3D experiences are on their way.

Expected key product announcements from some leading tech companies are likely to set the tone for the market in the coming years and will play a role in whether the industrial metaverse becomes a reality. For example, in late March 2023, Nvidia and Microsoft announced a partnership to bring industrial metaverse applications to the cloud.

And as we continue to lead in gaming and the metaverse, we launched an innovative collaboration with Fortnite, targeted to next-gen consumers with additional exciting partnerships to come for spring and fall 23.

Metaverse-related developments are early in the lifecycle but overall remain an attractive opportunity for us potentially.

IoT Analytics is a leading global provider of market insights and strategic business intelligence for the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, Cloud, Edge, and Industry 4.0.

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What CEOs talked about in Q1/2023: Economic uncertainty, layoffs ... - IoT Analytics