Category Archives: Decentralization
Arbitrum Leaps Towards Decentralization With Launch of Fraud Proofs on Testnet – West Island Blog
Taking a significant stride toward decentralization, Arbitrum, renowned as the most substantial Ethereum layer-2 scaling solution in terms of total value locked (TVL), recently announced that they have deployed the permissionless version of their fraud proof, referred to as Bounded Liquidity Delay (BOLD), to testnet. The announcement was made on the 16th of April by Offchain Labs, developers of Arbitrum.
Ethereum layer-2 solutions have progressively risen in prominence over recent years. As of April 17, data from L2Beat revealed that these platforms maintain control over a staggering $37 billion worth of assets. Such platforms, offering inexpensive transaction options, have enjoyed substantial uptake from protocol developers and users alike. Popular alternatives like Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, etc., are amongst the favorites.
However, the prevalent popularity aside, these platforms bear considerable issues. Most critically, the development of most of their fraud proofs is still underway. This presents a contrast from common user transactions across all chains, where each transaction must undergo a thorough confirmation via a network of miners or validators a process dictated by the consensus mechanism of the transaction.
Layer-2 platforms work differently, as they reroute transactions for off-chain processing. In this scenario, it becomes theoretically impossible to determine the legitimacy of queued transactions before they are compiled and given on-chain confirmation.
Herein lies the value of the fraud proofs, the likes of those brought forth by Arbitrum and other optimistic roll-up solutions. These proofs cater to a pressing conundrum prevalent in layer-2 solutions, ensuring the validity of those transactions that are processed off-chain. Once BOLD finds integration into the Arbitrum ecosystem, it will play the role of a safety net, safeguarding the transactions integrity while simultaneously promoting efficient off-chain processing.
In line with fundamental blockchain principles, BOLD is set for decentralization. The community will handle the operation of nodes which is a deviation from the currently centralized transaction verification in Arbitrum, controlled by a sparse group of validators.
The deployment of BOLD in the testnet signifies Arbitrums intent to open its secure transaction channels to allow public participation in sustaining network security and validating Ethereum withdrawals. This pioneering step could contribute immensely to the creation of a decentralized ecosystem, while simultaneously fortifying the Arbitrum platform.
This serves as a significant milestone, making Arbitrum the first Ethereum layer-2 to launch its fraud proofs in testnet. The firms announcement has also prompted Ryan Watts of Optimism to inform the community about plans to establish a decentralized fraud-proof system for the second-most extensive layer-2 by TVL.
Despite these advancements, ARBs price is showing stability but remains under discernible pressure. The token has witnessed a 50% depreciation from its March 2024 highs at spot rates and continues to struggle against severe selling pressure. However, if buyers manage to reverse the selling trend seen on April 12 and 13, the token could potentially make a strong recovery, possibly racing towards the $1.5 mark.
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Arbitrum Leaps Towards Decentralization With Launch of Fraud Proofs on Testnet - West Island Blog
DeFi Development: Top 10 Intriguing Security Considerations That Can’t Be Ignored – Blockchain Magazine
April 19, 2024 by Diana Ambolis
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The financial sector is undergoing a significant transformation fueled by Decentralized Finance (DeFi). This innovative ecosystem empowers individuals to participate in financial activities like borrowing, lending, trading, and asset management without relying on traditional intermediaries. As DeFi continues to gain traction, the demand for skilled developers to build secure and robust DeFi applications (dApps) is
The financial sector is undergoing a significant transformation fueled by Decentralized Finance (DeFi). This innovative ecosystem empowers individuals to participate in financial activities like borrowing, lending, trading, and asset management without relying on traditional intermediaries. As DeFi continues to gain traction, the demand for skilled developers to build secure and robust DeFi applications (dApps) is skyrocketing. This guide delves into the world of DeFi development, equipping you with the knowledge and resources to navigate this exciting yet complex landscape.
Understanding DeFi: The Core Principles
DeFi applications operate on blockchain networks, fostering transparency, security, and immutability. Here are some fundamental concepts underpinning DeFi:
Decentralization: DeFi eliminates the need for central authorities like banks or financial institutions. Transactions are facilitated through smart contracts self-executing code stored on the blockchain ensuring trust and automation within the system.
Permissionless Finance: DeFi promotes open access to financial services. Anyone with an internet connection and a crypto wallet can participate in DeFi protocols, regardless of location or credit history.
Tokenization: DeFi heavily relies on crypto tokens. These digital assets represent tradable units of value within the DeFi ecosystem, facilitating various financial activities.
The realm of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a captivating landscape brimming with innovation and immense potential. As DeFi disrupts traditional financial systems, the demand for skilled developers to construct secure and robust DeFi applications is surging. But before embarking on your DeFi development odyssey, its crucial to establish a strong foundation in the essential building blocks that underpin these transformative applications. Heres a comprehensive exploration of the core elements that empower you to build the future of finance:
1. Blockchain Technology: The Bedrock of Decentralization
At the heart of DeFi lies blockchain technology. This distributed ledger technology provides the secure and transparent infrastructure upon which DeFi applications are built. Heres a closer look at its significance:
2. Smart Contracts: The Engines of DeFi Applications
Smart contracts are the lifeblood of DeFi applications. Written in programming languages like Solidity (for Ethereum), these self-executing contracts dictate the functionalities and logic behind DeFi protocols. Heres a deeper dive into their role:
3. Wallets and Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs): The Tools of DeFi Interaction
Users interact with DeFi applications through specialized tools:
4. Tokenomics: The Lifeblood of a DeFi Ecosystem
Tokenomics refers to the design and distribution of tokens within a DeFi application. These tokens play a crucial role in the DeFi ecosystem:
5. Oracles: Bridges Between Blockchains and the Real World
DeFi applications often require access to external data feeds to function effectively. Oracles act as bridges, fetching data from the real world (e.g., stock prices, exchange rates) and securely delivering it to DeFi smart contracts. This allows DeFi applications to react to real-world events and offer functionalities like decentralized price feeds for trading or asset valuation.
6. Security Considerations: Building Trust in a Decentralized World
Security is paramount in DeFi development. Here are some crucial aspects to consider:
By mastering these building blocks, youll be well-equipped to embark on your journey as a DeFi developer. Remember, DeFi is a rapidly evolving landscape. Stay updated on emerging trends, security best practices, and innovative protocols to ensure your DeFi applications are not only secure but also at the forefront of this transformative revolution.
Also, read Top 5 Amazing Ways AI Coexist With DeFis Core Values: Centralization vs. Decentralization
The world of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) beckons, offering a revolutionary approach to financial services. As a developer, you hold the key to unlocking this potential by crafting secure and innovative DeFi applications. But where do you begin? This step-by-step guide will illuminate the DeFi development process, equipping you to navigate the journey from concept to a functional DeFi application:
1. Conception: Birthing Your DeFi Idea
Every DeFi application starts with a compelling idea. Heres where you lay the groundwork:
2. Planning and Design: Charting the Course
With a clear idea in mind, meticulous planning lays the foundation for success:
3. Development and Testing: Building and Fortifying Your Creation
With a blueprint in place, its time to translate your vision into reality:
4. Deployment and Launch: Bringing Your DeFi App to Life
The moment of truth arrives! Heres how to usher your DeFi application into the world:
5. Maintenance and Improvement: Ensuring Continuous Growth
The journey doesnt end with launch. Heres how to ensure your DeFi application thrives:
By following these steps and remaining adaptable in this dynamic environment, youll be well-equipped to navigate the DeFi development process and contribute to the future of decentralized finance. Remember, building a successful DeFi application requires not only technical expertise but also a deep understanding of the DeFi ecosystem, its challenges, and its immense potential to revolutionize the financial world.
The realm of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) pulsates with innovation and immense potential. However, this nascent landscape also presents unique security challenges. As a DeFi developer, safeguarding user assets and ensuring the integrity of your application is paramount. Here are the top 10 security considerations to fortify your DeFi development process and build trust within the DeFi ecosystem:
1. Smart Contract Audits: A Line of Defense Against Vulnerabilities
2. Secure Coding Practices: Building a Robust Foundation
3. Reentrancy Attacks: Shielding Against Recursive Exploits
4. Flash Loan Attacks: Plugging the Liquidity Gap
5. Access Control Mechanisms: Delimiting User Permissions
6. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Maintaining System Availability
7. Front-Running Attacks: Leveling the Playing Field for Users
8. Rug Pulls and Exit Scams: Building User Trust and Transparency
9. Decentralized Oracles: Mitigating Trusted Third-Party Risks
10. Continuous Security Monitoring: Vigilance in a Dynamic Landscape
By meticulously addressing these security considerations, you can fortify your DeFi application and contribute to a more secure and trustworthy DeFi ecosystem. Remember, security is an ongoing process, not a one-time fix. Continuous vigilance and adaptation are crucial for safeguarding user assets and ensuring the long-term success of your DeFi project.
Layer 2 Scaling Solutions: As DeFi applications gain traction, scalability challenges on base layer blockchains can arise. Layer 2 solutions offer ways to process transactions off-chain while maintaining the security of the underlying blockchain, improving transaction speeds and reducing costs.
Compliance and Regulation: As DeFi matures, regulatory frameworks are likely to evolve. Staying abreast of compliance requirements will be essential for DeFi developers to ensure their applications operate within legal boundaries.
Integration with Traditional Finance (TradFi): Potential bridges between DeFi and TradFi could emerge, allowing for the creation of innovative hybrid financial products and services.
Conclusion: Embracing the DeFi Development Journey
DeFi development presents a unique opportunity to be at the forefront of a financial revolution. By equipping yourself with the necessary knowledge, tools, and security best practices, you can contribute to building a more open, transparent, and inclusive financial system. Remember, the DeFi landscape is constantly evolving, so continuous learning and a commitment to innovation are key to success in this exciting space. So, if youre passionate about technology and finance, DeFi development might be the perfect path for you. Take the plunge, delve into the world of DeFi, and start building the future of finance!
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This blockchain platform offers decentralization, security and scalability in tandem – Cointelegraph
Partisia Blockchain is an L1 with novel zero-knowledge oracle and sharding solutions, sorting out problems plaguing the broader blockchain industry.
Diverse blockchains are plentiful nowadays, and solving the biggest challenges in the blockchain space is more critical than ever. Transitioning blockchains from their isolated nature toward a more interoperable framework presents significant hurdles, necessitating solutions that concurrently address privacy, security and scalability.
Existing blockchains are either fully transparent or fully anonymous, and neither solves the trust problem. The standard transaction output of layer-1 protocols is limited, with the original blockchain processing only seven transactions per second. Moreover, L1s are not designed to be interoperable by themselves.
Developed by a group of well-known scientists with 35 years of research and 15 years of practical implementation experience, Partisia Blockchain is designed to tackle these issues and become a sustainable ecosystem that enhances building opportunities for developers.
Partisia Blockchain is an interoperable messaging protocol that aims to solve the 3 biggest challenges in the blockchain space via the unique features it offers. The protocol employs a scalable sharding architecture, customizable multiparty computation (MPC) and tokenomics that allow for paying gas with other tokens than its native token.
Created by the projects co-founder Ivan Damgrd, who is also the inventor of Merkle-Damgard hash construction used in Bitcoin (BTC), customizable MPC offers an auditable privacy layer on top of which private data are computed. By allowing the processing of data without knowledge, it ensures the reliability and authenticity of the computation while preserving privacy. The zero-knowledge (ZK) variant technology enables a trust system that helps tokens, both transparent and anonymous, to thrive.
Its sharding architecture provides an opportunity for multiple blockchains to work independently but simultaneously. The messaging layer facilitates state synchronization by carrying transaction information from one blockchain to another. Whenever there is a need for additional output, a new block may easily be created, thus providing true horizontal scalability.
Various blockchains within the Partisia ecosystem are rendered interoperable owing to its gas mechanism. Liquid tokens of different blockchains can be used to pay for gas on Partisia, enabling wider interaction opportunities.
The integration of liquid tokens allows for the development of a unique staking model. MPC, Partisia Blockchains token that has recently been listed on multiple exchanges, functions as a governance and collateralization token within the blockchain. Users that are eager to participate in blockchain governance stake MPC and earn staking rewards in return. Stakers may opt to be rewarded both in the blockchains native currency and other liquid tokens that are used for gas payment, such as ETH, MATIC, BNB and prominent stablecoins, including USDC and USDT.
Furthermore, MPC is also used to provide protection for the ecosystem. On Partisia Blockchain, users may facilitate various transactions ranging from consensus and ZK computation to token bridging by using MPC as collateral.
Through these value propositions, Partisia Blockchain empowers the creation of unique applications in the Web3 space that are currently not possible in other chains. The situation is evident in Partisia Blockchains current ecosystem map.
Partisia Blockchains ecosystem map. Source: Partisia Blockchain
From unique Web3 applications like privatized DAOs, secret auctions enabling DEXs to be front-run resistant, auditable e-cash, privatized verifiable supply chains, RWA with privacy features and improved DID to traditional institutional applications like privatized healthcare data analysis, whistleblower solutions and unbiased RNG, Partisia Blockchain has the potential to allow developers to create solutions that could transform or disrupt existing market places.
Partisia Blockchain announced a 100 million MPC token ecosystem grant program with the goal of fostering innovation. Source: Partisia Blockchain
With a 100 million MPC token ecosystem grant program, developers are further incentivized to push the boundaries of what current blockchain solutions provide. For detailed information on the requirements and application procedure, read more here.
Disclaimer. Cointelegraph does not endorse any content or product on this page. While we aim at providing you with all important information that we could obtain in this sponsored article, readers should do their own research before taking any actions related to the company and carry full responsibility for their decisions, nor can this article be considered as investment advice.
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This blockchain platform offers decentralization, security and scalability in tandem - Cointelegraph
Decentralizing the Electric Grid – Andreessen Horowitz
The electric grid, a vast and complex system of wires and power plants, is essential to our economy and underpins our industrial strength. Currently, we face a critical challenge: our electricity demands expected to nearly double by 2040 due to factors like AI compute, reshoring, and electrification are soaring, but our grid infrastructure and operations struggle to keep pace.
To seize a future of energy abundance, we must simplify the generation, transmission, and consumption of electricity; this entails decentralizing the grid. Big power plants and long power lines are burdensome to build, but technologies like solar, batteries, and advanced nuclear reactors present new possibilities. It will be these, and other more local technologies, that can circumvent costly long-haul wiring and be placed directly on-site that will help support significant load growth over the coming decades.
While historical industrial expansion relied on large, centralized power plants, the 21st century marks a shift towards decentralized and intermittent energy sources, transitioning from a hub and spoke model to more of a distributed network. Of course, such evolutions breed new challenges, and we need innovation to bridge the gap.
The United States electric grid comprises three major interconnections: East, West, and Texas, managed by 17 NERC coordinators, with ISOs (independent system operator) and RTOs (regional transmission operator) overseeing regional economics and infrastructure. However, actual power generation and delivery are handled by local utilities or cooperatives. This structure functioned in an era of low load growth, but expanding the grids infrastructure to meet todays demand is becoming increasingly challenging and expensive.
Grid operators use an interconnection queue to manage new asset connections, evaluating if the grid can support the added power at that location without imbalance, and determining the cost of necessary upgrades. Today, more than 2,000 gigawatts (GW) are waiting to connect, with over 700 GW of projects entering queues in 2022 alone. This is a lot: the entire United States electric grid only has 1,200 GW of installed generation capacity.
In reality, however, many projects withdraw after confronting the costs of grid connection. Historically, only 10-20% of queued projects have materialized, often taking over 5 years post-application to finally connect and those timelines are only lengthening. Developers frequently submit multiple speculative proposals to identify the cheapest interconnection point, then withdraw unfavorable ones after costs are known, complicating feasibility studies. Because of this surge in applications, CAISO, Californias grid operator, was forced to stop accepting any new requests in 2022, and plans to do so again in 2024.
This is a critical ratelimiter and cost driver in our energy transition. A recent report by the Department of Energy found that to meet high-load growth by 2035, within-region transmission to integrate new assets must increase by 128% and inter-region transmission by 412%. Even far more optimistic projections estimate 64% and 34% growth, respectively.
There are proposed reforms to help alleviate this development backlog. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is pushing a first ready, first serve policy, adding fees to filter proposals and speed up reviews. The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) utilizes a connect and manage method that allows for quicker connections, but disconnects projects if they threaten grid reliability this has been remarkably successful in quickly adding new grid assets. While these policies mark progress, streamlining other regulations, such as NEPA, is also crucial to expedite buildout.
But even if approved, grid construction still faces supply chain hurdles, including lead times of more than 12 monthsand a 400% price surge for large-power transformers, compounded by a shortage of specialized steel. Achieving a federal goal to grow transformer manufacturing hinges on also supporting the electric steel industry, especially with upcoming 2027 efficiency standards. All of this comes at a time when grid outages (largely weather-related) are at a 20-year high, necessitating replacement hardware.
Ultimately, cost overhauls in building grid infrastructure manifest themselves in higher prices for consumers. The retail price that consumers pay is a combination of wholesale prices (generation costs) and delivery fees (the cost of the infrastructure needed to move that electricity to you). Critically, while the price to generate electricity has declined with cheap renewables and natural gas, the price to deliver it has increased by a far greater amount.
There are many reasons for this. Utilities use distribution charges to offset losses from customer-generated power, aiming to secure revenue from fixed-return infrastructure investments (similar to cost-plus defense contracting). Renewable energy development requires extending power lines to remote areas, and these lines are used less due to intermittency. Additionally, infrastructure designed for peak demand becomes inefficient and costly as load becomes more volatile with greater electrification and self-generation.
Policy and market adjustments are responding to these rising delivery costs, with Californias high adoption of distributed power systems, such as rooftop solar, serving as a notable example.
Californias Net Energy Metering (NEM) program initially let homeowners sell surplus solar power back to the grid at retail prices, ignoring the costs to utilities for power distribution. Recent changes now essentially buy back electricity at variable wholesale rates, reducing earnings for solar panel owners during peak generation times, which often coincide with the lowest electricity prices. This adjustment lengthens the payback period for solar installations, pushing homeowners and businesses to invest in storage to sell energy at more profitable times.
California utilities also proposed a billing model where fixed charges depend on income level and usage charges depend on consumption. This aimed to make wealthier customers cover more of the grid infrastructure costs, protecting lower-income individuals from rising retail power prices. And although this specific policy was recently shelved for a similar, but less extreme, version, ideas like this might lead affluent users to disconnect from the grid entirely. Defection could lead to higher costs for remaining users and trigger a death spiral. Some argue this is already happening in Hawaiis electricity market and in areas rapidly switching to electric heat pumps.
Electricity is not magic; grid operations are complicated. At all times, electricity generated must match electricity demand, or load; this is what people mean when they say balance the grid. At a high level, grid stability relies on maintaining a constant frequency 60 Hz in the United States.
Congestion from exceeding power line capacities leads to curtailments (dumping electricity) and local price disparities. Any frequency deviations can also cause equipment damages to generators and motors. Wind, solar, and batteries inverted-based resources lacking inertia also complicate frequency stabilization as they proliferate. In extreme cases, deviations may provoke blackouts or even destroy grid-connected equipment.
Because of the grids inherent fragility, careful consideration must be made to assets connected to it, aligning reliable supply with forecasted demand. The growth of intermittent power sources (unreliable supply) coinciding with the rise of electrification (spiky demand) is causing serious challenges.
Around two-thirds of load is balanced by wholesale markets through (mostly) day-ahead auctions, where prices are determined by the cost of the last unit of power needed. Renewables, with no marginal cost, typically outbid others when active, leading to price volatility extreme lows when renewables meet demand and spikes when costlier sources are needed (note: bid price is different from levelized cost of energy (LCOE).)
The unpredictability of solar and wind, alongside the shutdown of aging fossil fuel plants, strain grid stability. This leads to both blackouts (underproduction) and curtailment (overproduction), like Californias 2,400 GWh waste in 2022. Addressing this requires investment in energy storage and transmission improvements (discussed below).
Moreover, as power supply becomes more unpredictable, the role of natural gas grows due to its cost-effectiveness and flexibility. Natural gas often backs up renewables with peaker plants that activate only when needed. In general, the intermittency of solar and wind subjects natural gas plants, and other types of plants, to profit intermittently, sometimes even running continuously at a loss for technical reasons. Consequently, when peaker plants set wholesale prices when renewables are offline, it leads to higher costs and thus volatility for consumers.
The demand for electricity is also changing shape. Technologies like heat pumps, while energy-efficient, can cause winter load spikes when renewable output may be low. This requires grid operators to keep a buffer of power assets, and often ignore renewable sources in their resource adequacy planning. Grid operators typically adhere to a 1 in 10 rule, accepting a power shortfall once every decade, though the actual calculation is more complex. In ERCOT, which lacks a traditional capacity market in lieu of price spike incentives, weve already seen emergency reserves grow as renewables enter the grid.
High-solar-penetration areas, like California, also face the duck curve, requiring grid operators to quickly ramp up over 20 GW of power as daylight fades and demand rises. This is technologically and economically challenging for plants intended for constant output.
Renewable intermittency incurs hidden costs, forcing grid operators to embrace risk or invest in new assets. While the levelized cost of energy assesses a projects economic feasibility, it oversimplifies the assets true value to the broader grid. LCOE does, however, underscore the economic challenges of constructing new assets, like nuclear plants. Despite being costlier than natural gas today, nuclear offers a compelling path to decarbonizing reliable power. We just need to scale reactor buildout.
But we cant just rely on nuclear power. Relying solely on a single energy source is risky, as shown by Frances nuclear challenges during Russian energy sanctions and the southern United States issues with natural gas in cold weather, not to mention commodity price swings. Regions with lots of renewables, like California, also face uncertainty due to routine reliance on imports. Even places operating at nearly 100% clean energy, like Iceland or Scandinavia, maintain reliable backups or import options during crises.
As electricity demand grows, the grid struggles to manage growing complexity from both decentralization and intermittent renewables. We cannot brute force this shift; if were going to do it, we really need to get smart.
The current grid, aging and dumb, depends on power plants to align production based on predicted demand, while making small, real-time adjustments to ensure stability. Originally designed for one-way flow from large power plants, the grid is challenged by the concept of multiple small sources contributing power in various directions, like your rooftop solar charging a neighbors electric vehicle. Moreover, the lack of real visibility into live power flow presents looming issues, specifically at the distribution level.
Residential solar, batteries, advanced nuclear, and (possibly) geothermal provide decentralized power that reduces the need for infrastructure buildout. Yet integration into an evolving, volatile grid still demands innovative solutions. Additionally, efficient use of even utility-scale power systems can also be significantly improved by local storage and demand-side responses like turning down your thermostat when the grid is strained that reduce the need to build underutilized assets that are online for only brief peak periods.
The smart grid aims to accomplish all of this and more, and can be organized into three main technology groups:
Specifically, there are two broad trends that are crucial for the smart grid future.
First, we need to build a lot of energy storage to smooth out peak load locally and stabilize intermittent power supply across the grid. Batteries are already critical for small bursts of power, and, as prices continue to decline, even longer periods of time could be covered. But scaling hundreds of gigawatt-hours of batteries will also require expanded supply chains. Fortunately, strong economics will likely continue to accelerate deployment; entrepreneurs should seek to connect batteries anywhere they can.
Second, we need to accelerate the deployment and integration of a network of distributed energy assets. Anything that can be electrified will be electrified. Allowing these systems to interact with home and grid-scale energy systems will require a variety of new solutions. Aggregations of smart devices, like electric vehicles or thermostats, could even form virtual power plants that mimic the behavior of much larger energy assets.
A core challenge in grid expansion is carefully balancing the shift between centralized and decentralized systems, considering economic and reliability concerns. Centralized grids, while straightforward and (generally) reliable, face issues with complex demand fluctuations and high fixed costs for example, most large nuclear plants globally are government-financed and China can build a ton of big power assets, but it does so very inefficiently. Decentralized grids, while still in early stages of deployment, are cheap but dont automatically ensure reliable power, as preferences in some rural Indian communities indicate.
To be clear, the centralized grid we have today will certainly not disappear in fact, it also needs to grow in size but it will be consumed by networks of decentralized assets growing around it. Ratepayers will increasingly adopt self-generation and storage, challenging traditional electricity monopolies and prompting regulatory and market reform. This self-generation trend will reach its extreme in energy-intensive industries that especially prioritize reliability Amazon and Microsoft are already pursuing nuclear-powered data centers, and we should do everything we can to accelerate the development and deployment of new reactors.
More broadly, ratepayers want reliable, affordable, and clean power, typically in that order. ERCOT, with its blessed geography, innovation-receptive energy-only markets, and relaxed interconnection policy, will be key to watch in order to see if, when, and how this is achieved with a decentralized grid. And successfully navigating this shift will, no doubt, result in significant economic growth.
Critically, to build this decentralized grid demands our most talented entrepreneurs and engineers: We need a smart grid with serious innovation across ahead-of-the-meter, behind-the-meter, and grid software technology. Policy and economic tailwinds will accelerate this electricity evolution, but it will fall to the private sector to ensure this decentralized grid works better than the old one.
The future of the United States electric grid lies in harnessing new technology and embracing free-markets to overcome our nations challenges, paving the way for a more efficient and dynamic energy landscape. This is one of the great undertakings of the 21st century, but we must meet the challenges.
The world is changing fast, and the electric grid must change with it. If youre building the solutions here, get in touch.
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Decentralized dilemma: Could Ethereum survive if SEC ruled ETH a security? – Cointelegraph
On Feb. 26, 2024, a discreet modification appeared on the Ethereum Foundation website.
The footer of the website and the websites warrant canary were deleted according to a GitHub commit, which stated: This commit removes a section of the footer as we have received a voluntary enquiry from a state authority that included a requirement for confidentiality.
A warrant canary is usually some form of text or visual element in the case of the Ethereum Foundation, a yellow bird which some companies include on their websites to indicate theyve never been served with a government subpoena or document request.
If a government agency does request information, the company may remove the text, implicitly suggesting to visitors that it has received a subpoena.
The Ethereum Foundation removed this key section, indicating that the foundation is indeed under a confidential investigation. Due to the confidentiality clause, the Ethereum Foundation cannot offer further details.
Citing anonymous tips, Fortune reported that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was opening a probe into the foundation as part of a campaign to classify Ethereums underlying asset, Ether (ETH), as a commodity.
The reported inquiry couldnt have come at a worse time, as the May deadlines for SEC approval of Ether exchange-traded funds (ETFs) approach.
While the debate about whether Ether is a security has been going on for several years, doubts are now beginning to emerge.
Why would the SEC investigate the Ethereum Foundation almost 10 years after its launch? Does the SEC have jurisdiction over an organization based in Switzerland? Will the upcoming spot Ether ETF be delayed due to this action? Most importantly, what would happen to Ethereum and the crypto market if it is classified as a security?
The Ethereum Foundation cannot provide further details due to a confidential clause.
While the Ethereum Foundation has received an inquiry from a state authority, this doesnt mean the organization is the subject of investigation.
Carol Goforth, professor at the University of Arkansas School of Law specializing in business associations and securities regulation, explained the relevance of this detail to Cointelegraph:
The SEC may believe that the Ethereum Foundation has information that could help the commission in a different investigation, for example.
Either way, Goforth explained that the foundation would be open to cooperation. She said the desire to see Ether continue to be actively traded in U.S. markets would be a clear incentive to cooperate with the authorities.
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An additional reason to collaborate with the SEC would be to help explain why Ether does not meet the Howey investment contract test and, therefore, be used to prove that its not a security.
On the other hand, if the Ethereum Foundation were the subject of investigation, the SEC could take a couple of years to move from an investigation to a lawsuit, Goforth said.
An ongoing investigation would be detrimental for Ethereum until the case is resolved and could affect decisions such as the approval of an Ether ETF and the further adoption of the asset as exemplified by the cost of the Ripple/SEC lawsuit.
Basel Ismail, CEO of investment analytics company Blockcircle, told Cointelegraph:
In his opinion, if a market-leading blockchain that is relatively decentralized and counts thousands of active developers globally turns out to be considered a security, then almost all crypto projects could fall into that category.
For the trader, it would be safe to assume that any other ERC-20 token that raised capital using a similar funding mechanism will need to comply with the same registration processes and rules.
In his opinion, the contagion effect could eventually destroy many companies in the sector, as their treasury funds arent deep enough to sustain such a shock.
Crypto exchanges that list Ether and operate in the U.S. markets would automatically support an asset legally considered a security. The exchanges would, therefore, be forced to choose between delisting Ethereum from their platform or registering as securities broker-dealers with the SEC.
Goforth explained that any trading platform that matches buyers and sellers has to register as a securities exchange or comply with an exemption, such as becoming an Alternative Trading System (ATS). Goforth said that both options require extensive disclosures and approval from the SEC.
She further highlighted a crucial point that would probably force the crypto exchanges to select the path of delisting ETH before registering as a securities exchange.
However, many exchanges may simply opt to de-list rather than undergo the significant process of registering with the SEC.
As Goforth noted, once the crypto exchange wishes to register as a securities exchange, it cannot provide exchange services for any security asset unless that security is registered.
Since the SEC has only officially declared Bitcoin as not being a security, the crypto exchange would be at risk if it helped its customers to buy or sell any other cryptocurrency, as virtually no crypto assets are registered. In her opinion, this would be tantamount to saying dont do business in the United States.
While Ethers significant market cap might be able to take the hit as Ether moved off of U.S. exchanges, the same cannot be said for most ERC-20 tokens.
Ismail explained, Liquidity would be drained, and order books would be considerably more shallow, creating extreme price slippage and hindering the chances for market makers to stabilize the price of the asset for some time.
What use is it worrying about possible effects if the Ethereum Foundation is based in Switzerland and the SEC is a U.S. regulator?
The SEC may technically only have jurisdiction over companies in the United States, but Goforth explained that it could claim extraterritorial jurisdiction if the challenged activity has a material impact in the United States.
A past example within the crypto industry occurred in 2020 when the SEC imposed a worldwide injunction against Telegrams planned issuance of its GRAM token. Telegram eventually had to return $1.2 billion and pay $18.5 million as a penalty despite not being based in U.S. territory.
Goforth confirmed that no specific legal mandates require the Ethereum Foundation to cooperate. However, she highlighted how the SEC values cooperation and can consider that when deciding on which action to take.
If the Ethereum Foundation did not collaborate, the SEC could issue a subpoena, legally forcing the organization to share any data the regulators request.
If centralized exchanges did shut down ETH trading in the U.S. market, decentralized exchanges (DEXs) could become an alternative.
The decentralized nature of such platforms, which makes them difficult for regulators to target, combined with their global reach, may allow Ethereum-based projects to engage in regulatory arbitrage.
Sergey Gorbunov, CEO of Interop Labs and co-founder of the Axelar protocol, told Cointelegraph, If ETH becomes a security, DEXs may largely maintain operations due to their decentralized global nature.
However, he admitted that some challenges would emerge, such as new compliance requirements in certain jurisdictions.
For example, Gorbunov illustrated how this new regulation update could threaten DEXs that connect with centralized crypto exchanges for liquidity purposes.
But, decentralization does not guarantee safety from regulators. U.S. authorities have demonstrated their ability to close down platforms, such as crypto mixer Tornado Cash,by targeting developers.
Goforth noted that the SEC could target some founder group, promoters or other active participants, while Gorbunov said regulators could target individuals or organizations that support the open network, such as code validators or contributors.
The implications of the SEC classifying Ethereum as a security appear grim. However, Ismail said that while it would be harmful to markets and adoption in the short term, there could be positive effects in the long run.
The Ethereum Foundation and the SEC could find a resolution to the problem where the foundation would be forced to pay a monstrous fine and register as a security in the U.S. markets.
Recent: Dead metaverse? Public administration breathes new life into virtual tech
Ether trading would then need to adhere to the same rules that apply to stocks or bonds. Ismail implied that this outcome would at least offer regulation clarity for the market participants. In his opinion, in the long term this could be beneficial for crypto market valuation.
If the SEC brings the Ethereum Foundation to court, the conclusion would be binary Ether is either a commodity or a security. Either outcome would create ripple effects on the tokens market valuation, and the impact on the ecosystem built on the blockchain would be massive. It could become the most crucial lawsuit in the crypto ecosystem.
Link:
Decentralized dilemma: Could Ethereum survive if SEC ruled ETH a security? - Cointelegraph
The Rise of io.net: Decentralizing AI Compute – Grit Daily
In the 19th century, the California Gold Rush completely reshaped the United States as prospectors flocked to the region in search of riches. Today, a new kind of gold rush is underway: the rush for computing power to fuel the AI revolution. At the heart of this whirlwind stands NVIDIA, whose stock price surged 239% in 2023 as demand for its GPUs (graphics processing units) skyrocketed.
On the other hand, centralized cloud giants Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, whose combined $6 Trillion market cap has benefited greatly from the high demand for cloud services, are struggling to keep up with the insatiable demand for AI compute (computational power), leading to high prices, long wait times, and limited options for AI startups and innovators.
Enter io.net, a decentralized cloud compute provider which has achieved a $1 billion private market valuation and raised $40 million from various venture capital firms, showcasing significant market confidence in both its vision and the scalability of its network since its launch in November 2023.
Here, we discuss the decentralization and accessibility of the AI compute market by io.net, its technological and economic innovations, and plans for market expansion.
io.net is on a mission to disrupt the AI compute market through decentralization. The centerpiece is the IO Cloud, a permissionless, distributed network of GPUs and CPUs (central processing units) that anyone can tap into on-demand without long-term contracts or KYC.
Developers can quickly deploy ML clusters, while hardware providers earn rewards for contributing compute to the network. The result is a more accessible, flexible, and cost-effective alternative to big-box centralized cloud behemoths.
io.net was born out of necessity. In 2020, founder Ahmad Shadid was building quantitative trading systems and ran into the common roadblock of high GPU costs from existing providers. So, he built his own distributed GPU network to cut expenses.
After the ChatGPT launch, Shadid realized the opportunity to bring this network architecture to the broader market. A few months and a Solana hackathon victory later, io.net officially launched.
The IO Cloud already boasts an impressive 300,000 GPUs and 40,000 CPUs distributed globally. Crypto partners, like Filecoin, Render, and Gaimin, have surfaced their own GPU networks to the IO Cloud to take advantage of io.nets self-service cluster virtualization and AI-ready orchestration layer.
Accessing compute is simple through the intuitive dashboard at cloud.io.net. Here, developers can view stats, manage clusters, and track network performance. Hardware providers can also monitor their machines and earnings.
Under the hood, the io.net stack is powered by the IO-SDK and a specialized fork of Ray, the same open-source network architecture used by OpenAI and Uber. The modular architecture is designed for reliability and flexibility while scaling up parallel processing capabilities to handle AI/ML workloads. APIs enable connectivity while the infrastructure layer handles core functions like GPU provisioning, monitoring, and ML ops. This layered approach prevents single points of failure and allows the swapping of components as needed.
Compute power is the new oil for the AI era, said Ahmad Shadid, CEO and co-founder of io.net. By leveraging GPU power as a decentralized resource, io.net will continue to play a crucial role in the future of technology and economy, with compute power backing the value of $IO.
However, io.nets biggest advantage may be its crypto-economic model. By building on Solana, the network gains a trustless settlement layer without legacy inefficiencies. Plus, the $IO token set to launch in April following io.nets Ignition Program has the ambition to become the currency of compute, attracting users and incentivizing infrastructure buildout in a continuous growth cycle.
The Ignition program aims to incentivize and reward IO Network suppliers and community members for their contributions to the network. Participants can earn rewards by supplying GPUs to the network, with factors such as job hours completed, node bandwidth, GPU model, and uptime taken into consideration by the rewards algorithm.
We are thrilled to launch the Ignition program as the first step in our mission to decentralize the IO Network and transition governance to the community, said Garrison Yang, Chief Strategy & Marketing Officer at io.net. By incentivizing and rewarding our suppliers and community members, we aim to expand access to underutilized GPU resources and make the power of AI accessible to anyone in the world.
With its strong unit economics and token incentives, io.net is poised to grow exponentially, grabbing market share from the cloud giants. The timing could not be better, as the world is waking up to the transformative potential of AI. By making AI/ML compute more accessible, io.net is democratizing access to this critical resource.
While centralized providers struggle with capacity, io.net offers an elegant solution through decentralization: It provides the tools and infrastructure for anyone to participate in the AI revolution. As more developers and suppliers plugin, network effects should drive rapid expansion and adoption.
The California Gold Rush completely reshaped the Western United States in the 1800s. Now, io.net is in pursuit of reshaping computing for the AI age. If successful, it could become an essential backbone for the next generation of AI innovation. The IO Cloud may very well enable the next OpenAIs and Anthropics but in a more open and permissionless way. Keep an eye on this project as the decentralized AI compute wars heat up.
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DFINITY Foundation Launches Olympus, a Decentralized Global Acceleration Platform on the Internet Computer – PR Newswire
- Olympus is the first on-chain acceleration platform
- Olympus will transition into a DAO
ZURICH, April 9, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The DFINITY Foundation (DFINITY), a Swiss not-for-profit research and development organization and major contributor to the Internet Computer Blockchain (ICP), today announced the launch of the Olympus Acceleration Platform, web3's first decentralized, on-chain global acceleration platform. Olympus supports the development and adoption of web3 technology across multiple ecosystems. The acceleration platform is a first of its kind platform and will be used by teams around the world to organize and launch their own accelerator programs.
Initial operations of Olympus will be funded by a $15M grant from DFINITY and the ICP Asia Alliance, which aims to cultivate a dynamic Web3 and AI ecosystem in Asia. There will be new allocation of funds in future with the launch of proposed EU, MENA, Africa and America alliances, cementing ICP's global reach.
By the end of 2024 the platform will transition into adecentralized autonomous organization (DAO). To ensure platform sustainability and independence from grants, future cohorts will be funded by a native token generation event (TGE), followed by fundraising from the community. This will also ensure all stakeholders benefit from the success of the platform as token holders.
Designed for a new cycle of web3 product launches, Olympus provides a consolidated platform for open and sustainable project acceleration by providing access to grants, crowdfunding, VC investments, and referrals all in one place and on-chain. The platform operates as an ecosystem pipeline, channeling and curating the best projects from 40+ countries around the world. Projects can apply to join a distributed network of startup accelerators, raise funds, access talent, and interact across communities and ecosystems, while investors on the platform can increase their visibility and gain early access to fully transparent, globally vetted deals.
Dominic Williams, Founder and Chief Scientist of the DFINITY Foundation, commented "The Olympus Acceleration platform promotes decentralization, innovation and entrepreneurship, we're all looking forward to witnessing the growth of the next generation of projects on the Internet Computer and other ecosystems through Olympus. By creating a web3-based global platform for everyone, we're able to bring together top talent, projects, investors, and mentors to create a credible and trustless marketplace offering equal opportunity and access to all qualified projects. Traditional accelerator programs are permissioned and operate as silos, many are also not sustainable and rely on grants. Olympus is a new model, that's why I am especially excited to get involved as a mentor and share my experience with the next generation of founders".
Unlike existing accelerator programs which are siloed and require permission to interact, Olympus uses an Open Stake model where projects, mentors, and investors can interact freely, enabling permissionless ecosystem inclusivity and unlimited integrations. Utilizing multi-chain infrastructure, projects can also unlock capital and users at scale through early crowdfunding. Olympus will also enable on-chain verification of key project growth metrics, with further verification provided by the platform's trustless perpetual rating loop enabling community members, investors, mentors, and users to rate projects and provide testimonials. Such multi-chain infrastructure and on-chain verification are uniquely powered by the technologies of Internet Computer Protocol.
The launch of the platform is anchored by a number of partners and supporters, including Web3Labs, a blockchain incubation accelerator and investment firm based in Hong Kong committed to discovering, investing in, and nurturing the best projects and innovative teams in web3. DFINITY and Web3Labs recently announced a strategic partnership to foster and promote blockchain innovation across Asia with Web3Labs joining the ICP Asia Alliance founded last year. The first batch of multiple web3 startup accelerator programs is expected to be operated by ICP Hubs as well as partners like Web3Labs through the platform.
Also joining the platform are venture capital investors who will become Mentors in the accelerator cohorts and gain access to deal flows. These investors have also led investment at VC funds including Fenbushi Capital, Fundamental Labs, Softbank Vision Fund, NewTribe Capital, Cypher Capital, Bitcoin Frontier Fund, Summer Ventures, L2IV, Dext Force Ventures, Leadblock Partners, viaBTC Capital, Cipholio Ventures, Chiron Group, 3X Capital, Plutus.VC, and others.
Founders and developers wishing to participate in Olympus can submit their projects to the platform here.
About DFINITY Foundation: The DFINITY Foundation is a not-for-profit organization of leading cryptographers, computer scientists and experts in distributed computing. The DFINITY Foundation boasts the largest R&D operations in the blockchain industry with many employees coming from IBM Research and Google. The DFINITY Foundation employees have published papers 1600+ and 250+ patents. The Foundation is headquartered in Zurich, with a research center also in San Francisco. With a mission to shift cloud computing into a fully decentralized state, the Foundation leveraged its experience to create the Internet Computer and currently operates as a major contributor to the network.
Media Contact [emailprotected]
SOURCE DFINITY Foundation
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Letter | Decentralization: A path to stability and progress in Haiti – Haitian Times
I was deeply moved by the recent two-part series discussing the need for decentralization in Haiti. It echoes sentiments I have long held, but often felt were isolated. For me, decentralizing major infrastructures is not merely a matter of debate me; it is a passionate advocacy grounded in a desire for a more equitable and resilient future for our nation.
For too long, those of us advocating for decentralization have faced criticism and ridicule, accused of being insensitive to the plight of those suffering from gang activities in metropolitan Port-au-Prince. However, I firmly believe that the concentration of resources and infrastructure in certain urban centers exacerbates rather than alleviates these issues. While insecurity may be concentrated in less than 10% of the country, its impact extends far beyond those boundaries, affecting a quarter of the population. We cannot afford to neglect the peaceful regions, where a majority of the people reside while focusing solely on the concentrated hotspots of violence.
One glaring example of the consequences of centralization is the fuel crisis that regularly grips our nation. The blockade of roads leading to Varreux, Haitis primary fuel storage location, paralyzes the entire economy and disrupts the lives of countless citizens. This is not simply a matter of gang activity; it is a systemic flaw stemming from overreliance on a single point of distribution. Imagine the resilience we could achieve if we decentralized fuel storage to at least three dispersed geographic locations across the country, mitigating the impact of such disruptions and ensuring a more reliable energy supply.
Decentralization is not a mere buzzword either. It is a fundamental shift in governance that holds the key to unlocking Haitis full potential. By empowering local communities and distributing resources more equitably, we can foster economic development and social cohesion across the nation. By the way, the Haitian constitution mandates for the country to be decentralized. Decisions have been made not to implement what is required, thus contributing to the reality we face today.
I refuse to rest until I witness a paradigm shift in policy-making towards decentralization. It is time for our leaders to prioritize the long-term interests of the entire nation over short-sighted gains. Let us work together to build a Haiti where prosperity and security are not privileges reserved for the few, but rights enjoyed by all. A decentralization of the country significantly contributes to this much better future.
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Letter | Decentralization: A path to stability and progress in Haiti - Haitian Times
Paris Blockchain Week 2024: blockchain expansion and innovation – Cointribune EN
Thu 11 Apr 2024 4 min of reading by Eddy S.
The second day of Paris Blockchain Week 2024 was marked by significant moments. Pioneers of the blockchain industry took the stage to share their visionary insights on the evolution of this rapidly growing sector. Their illuminations sparked keen interest among participants, offering an exciting glimpse into future trends.
Tim Draper, renowned investor, emphasized the critical importance of trust in the success of businesses. According to him, the greatest leaders in the world trust their citizens and set them free. He then explained how blockchain establishes a society based on trust, thereby eliminating the need for centralized transactions. Indeed, this technology creates a world that does not need to address a centralized authority to decide whether a transaction can take place. Such a perspective highlights the potential benefits of decentralization.
Moreover, Yat Siu, co-founder of Animoca Brands, took an interesting approach by considering tokens as a multidimensional investment. He noted that every individual is an investor, investing not only money but also social connections. This expanded view of investment underscores the opportunities offered by blockchain networks. These networks where tokens represent both a financial stake and membership in a growing community.
The intervention of Yoni Assia, founder of eToro, also captivated the audience. He addressed the issue of the increasing institutionalization of the crypto sector, pointing out that crypto is becoming more and more institutionalized. His advice to investors, particularly those interested in ICOs, is to never sell everything if they believe in the long-term potential of a project. This perspective sheds light on the structural changes taking place in the crypto ecosystem, with increased institutional participation.
Finally, the announcement of the launch of 1USD, the first stablecoin on the Aleph Zero blockchain, generated a lot of excitement. As highlighted by Christian Walker of Archblock, this stablecoin offers users the stability of an asset indexed to the dollar, the privacy expected from cash, and the assurance of regulatory compliance. This innovation illustrates how blockchain can overcome the challenge of privacy while retaining the advantages of stablecoins.
The second day of Paris Blockchain Week 2024 has clearly demonstrated that blockchain innovation is flourishing. Experts shared captivating perspectives on trust, tokens, and institutional adoption. These insights offer a fascinating preview of whats to come. Furthermore, the blockchain continues to carve out a prominent place in the global financial ecosystem. Thus, this event has once again confirmed its essential role in the transformation of our economic and social systems.
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Le monde volue et l'adaptation est la meilleure arme pour survivre dans cet univers ondoyant. Community manager crypto la base, je m'intresse tout ce qui touche de prs ou de loin la blockchain et ses drivs. Dans l'optique de partager mon exprience et de faire connatre un domaine qui me passionne, rien de mieux que de rdiger des articles informatifs et dcontracts la fois.
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Paris Blockchain Week 2024: blockchain expansion and innovation - Cointribune EN
Advanced Decentralized Exchange dYdX Partners With Privy to Onboard Users to Web3 – BeInCrypto
Editorial Note: The following content does not reflect the views or opinions of BeInCrypto. It is provided for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as financial advice. Please conduct your own research before making any investment decisions.
One of the leading DeFi protocols for advanced crypto trading, dYdX, took to Twitter, now X, to announce their new collaboration with Privy. dYdX, a decentralized exchange focusing mainly on perpetual futures trading, entered the partnership to enable its users to create new accounts using their already existing social media credentials or email.
dYdX announced on 9th April 2024 that users will now have a straightforward approach to creating accounts with them. James Hallam, Head of Business Development at dYdX Foundation, spoke about the new event and said the collaboration would make dYdX faster and more intuitive.
Thanks to Privy, transitioning to dYdX Chain is now as easy as using your existing email or social media profiles, ensuring a faster, simpler, and safer experience for users. This streamlined process removes traditional barriers to entry, allowing newcomers to seamlessly enter the world of perpetuals, he said.
Furthermore, he added that one of the primary reasons for the collaboration is to attract a larger audience due to the ease of onboarding Web3 users.
dYdX Chain now feels instantly more accessible to everyday users. This increased accessibility has the potential to attract a wider audience, promoting a more inclusive and rapidly expanding dYdX Chain user base, he added.
Indeed, Privy quoted the dYdX announcement on X, acknowledging the importance of the key partnership. First, they said they were excited to work closely with dYdX and look forward to accomplishing new things together. Moreover, the major objective is to ensure that dYdX maintains the transparency and security of a DEX while integrating the speed and usability of CEX.
Were so proud to support them as they work to make the experience accessible for all, Privy said.
Privy is a company dedicated to helping crypto organizations onboard and engage new users seamlessly. It offers developer libraries that help provide wallet management solutions and an efficient onboarding process. With their latest collaboration, dYdX users can now create a web3 wallet by simply logging in to their social media accounts. Subsequently, they eliminate the need for a seed phrase while creating crypto wallets.
dYdX is a decentralized exchange built on the dYdX blockchain, an open-source application-specific blockchain software. Furthermore, the creation of the dYdX blockchain is based on the Cosmos SDK and CometBFT proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus protocol.
This DEXs primary service is trading perpetual futures contracts for more than 62 cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, XRP, and Solana. It was founded in August 2017 by Antonio Juliano, a California-based entrepreneur, and initially offered crypto margin trading, lending, and borrowing services. However, it soon transferred to cross-margin perpetual trading in August 2021.
The dYdX DEX and Chain were created in a way that introduces interested users to web3. Together with decentralization, it features other things such as matching engines, order books, and consensus mechanisms. Recent data from DefiLlama indicates a total value locked (TVL) of $505 million. Furthermore, the total value of fees generated in the past year is about $50 million.
Disclaimer
This article contains a press release provided by an external source and may not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of BeInCrypto. In compliance with the Trust Project guidelines, BeInCrypto remains committed to transparent and unbiased reporting. Readers are advised to verify information independently and consult with a professional before making decisions based on this press release content. Please note that ourTerms and Conditions,Privacy Policy, andDisclaimershave been updated.
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Advanced Decentralized Exchange dYdX Partners With Privy to Onboard Users to Web3 - BeInCrypto