Today, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) publicly shared its plan for promoting responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in automated and algorithmic systems by state, local, tribal, and territorial governments in the administration of public benefits. Recent advances in the availability of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) in automated or algorithmic systems open up significant opportunities to enhance public benefits program administration to better meet the needs of recipients and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of those programs.

HHS, in alignment with OMB Memorandum M-24-10, is committed to strengthening governance, advancing responsible innovation, and managing risks in the use of AI-enabled automated or algorithmic systems. The plan provides more detail about how the rights-impacting and/or safety-impacting risk framework established in OMB Memorandum M-24-10 applies to public benefits delivery, provides information about existing guidance that applies to AI-enabled systems, and lays out topics that HHS is considering providing future guidance on.

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HHS shares its Plan for Promoting Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Automated and Algorithmic Systems by ... - HHS.gov

Dear colleagues,

Since our prior Perspectives piece on artificial intelligence (AI) in GI and Hepatology in 2022, the field has seen almost exponential growth. Expectations are high that AI will revolutionize our field and significantly improve patient care. But as the global discussion on AI has shown, there are real challenges with adoption, including issues with accuracy, reliability, and privacy.

In this issue, Dr. Nabil M. Mansour and Dr. Thomas R. McCarty explore the current and future impact of AI on gastroenterology, while Dr. Basile Njei and Yazan A. Al Ajlouni assess its role in hepatology. We hope these pieces will help your discussions in incorporating or researching AI for use in your own practices. We welcome your thoughts on this issue on X @AGA_GIHN.

Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo, MD, MSc, is associate professor of medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., and chief of endoscopy at West Haven (Conn.) VA Medical Center. He is an associate editor for GI & Hepatology News.

BY THOMAS R. MCCARTY, MD, MPH; NABIL M. MANSOUR, MD

The last few decades have seen an exponential increase and interest in the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and adoption of deep learning algorithms within healthcare and patient care services. The field of gastroenterology and endoscopy has similarly seen a tremendous uptake in acceptance and implementation of AI for a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. The spectrum of AI-based applications includes detection or diagnostic-based as well as therapeutic assistance tools. From the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved device that uses machine learning to assist clinicians in detecting lesions during colonoscopy, to other more innovative machine learning techniques for small bowel, esophageal, and hepatobiliary conditions, AI has dramatically changed the landscape of gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Approved applications for colorectal cancer

In an attempt to improve colorectal cancer screening and outcomes related to screening and surveillance, efforts have been focused on procedural performance metrics, quality indicators, and tools to aid in lesion detection and improve quality of care. One such tool has been computer-aided detection (CADe), with early randomized controlled trial (RCT) data showing significantly increased adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC).1-3

Ultimately, this data led to FDA approval of the CADe system GI Genius (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) in 2021.4 Additional systems have since been FDA approved or 510(k) cleared including Endoscreener (Wision AI, Shanghai, China), SKOUT (Iterative Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts), MAGENTIQ-COLO (MAGENTIQ-EYE LTD, Haifa, Israel), and CAD EYE (Fujifilm, Tokyo), all of which have shown increased ADR and/or increased APC and/or reduced adenoma miss rates in randomized trials.5

Yet despite the promise of improved quality and subsequent translation to better patient outcomes, there has been a noticeable disconnect between RCT data and more real-world literature.6 In a recent study, no improvement was seen in ADR after implementation of a CADe system for colorectal cancer screening including both higher and lower-ADR performers. Looking at change over time after implementation, CADe had no positive effect in any group over time, divergent from early RCT data. In a more recent multicenter, community-based RCT study, again CADe did not result in a statistically significant difference in the number of adenomas detected.7 The differences between some of these more recent real-world studies vs the majority of data from RCTs raise important questions regarding the potential of bias (due to unblinding) in prospective trials, as well as the role of the human-AI interaction.

Importantly for RCT data, both cohorts in these studies met adequate ADR benchmarks, though it remains unclear whether a truly increased ADR necessitates better patient outcomes is higher always better? In addition, an important consideration with evaluating any AI/CADe system is that they often undergo frequent updates, each promising improved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This is an interesting dilemma and raises questions about the enduring relevance of studies conducted using an outdated version of a CADe system.

Additional unanswered questions regarding an ideal ADR for implementation, preferred patient populations for screening (especially for younger individuals), and the role and adoption of computer-aided polyp diagnosis/characterization (CADx) within the United States remain. Furthermore, questions regarding procedural withdrawal time, impact on sessile serrated lesion detection, cost-effectiveness, and preferred adoption strategies have begun to be explored, though require more data to better define a best practice approach. Ultimately, answers to some of these unknowns may explain the discordant results and help guide future implementation measures.

The rest is here:
Artificial Intelligence in GI and Hepatology | GI and Hepatology News - MDedge

The entrance to Paramount Pictures in Hollywood.

As my mind wanders to AI, robots, and machines replacing humans, realizations enter and I see it not as AI troubles, but as humans abuse the systems we create. I see the decline and lack of efforts in schools, and how hesitant people are for social interaction and the affliction to connection.

Each day there are new advancements in AI. But if it is learning, and each day it is getting to know more things, and its getting smarter, then it wasnt smart to begin with. How are we supposed to believe in something when it does not have the full capable potential of its vast atmosphere?

There are talks that it is a scary thing. Something is happening. But where is this thing? What does it look like? Does it have four eyeballs? Does it hide in the closet or underneath my bed at night? No. All it is is a technique and a machine to operate and make our lives easier for no reason. The true villain behind it is us.

The ones who use it, use it incorrectly. The people who tend to think that taking corners and skipping the lessons we have learned, and parental figures have seen and felt before us somehow doesnt matter anymore. We strive for new advancements with no idea where they will lead, and somehow, that is a resource.

We have been doing it for over 100 years and yet companies are wanting to make a fully self-driving car. The reasons why does not enter into my atmosphere since there is no valid reason. We are capable of writing an essay, creating math solutions, driving cars, and having surgery for a knee replacement. Yet as time passes, humans find ways for humans to do less. With that, comes laziness, lack of common sense, and street smarts vanish.

By doing the things on my own and creating solutions, it gave me a sense of self-respect. The realizations that I have the potential to do the things that I want to strive for, which is excellence.

To be your own person with imagination and self-fulfilling creativity is to see happiness and sadness at their best and worse. To understand determination, anguish, grief and unadulterated bliss.

Yet some choose not to.

Its the opposite of an opportunity to make ones life better. Yet they vanish like a supernatural ghost you see in the distance. Or a political figures good nature when they start to run for office.

The speech in which they speak is loud and ruthless. Harsh, yet dull with a banal sense of sophistication. They postpone any type of meaningful discussions.

I choose, consciously, to be different. I challenge and take charge. I avoid talking when I do not know. Possibly taking away that one vestigial piece of truth the opposition speaks.

After all that, theres still some nameless undistinguishable apprehension in their unconscious mind that I have so easily picked out. That smile. That wave. That cheers of a plastic cup of and glaring pessimistic view they have on the world.

It is something that they do without. Its something that I have and its something that I have noticed.

Otherwise known as self-respect.

I do have some relevance in this topic. Last semester in my critical thinking class, nonfiction, I and three others were asked to present a topic of an ethical crisis. We chose artificial intelligence. My nine-page paper that came shortly after that was also my final paper of the semester included 10 pros and 10 cons of AI.

We broke into several categories including entertainment and education.

Education

Each time a new class for the semester begins, the class is given or told to look at the syllabus on the website and to see what is to be done and what is forbidden. Lately, more and more and then all of the classes I endure are promptly educating the students of Al and the use of cheating.

No passing notes in class.

No phones in class.

No use of AI in class.

The evolution of teachers habitual demands.

Now students can formulate ideas and have a starting point of creativity. Ask AI how to manage test anxiety. Ask for steps on how to prepare me for transferring colleges, and how to find an internship for creative writing.

Yet, students are having the ease without the idea of repercussions for the abuse of AI.

The lack of creativity it can cause may lead to students not developing properly. I assume it began with isolation and students finding it easier to not engage fully with teachers and peers. Now we are all back to normal and we assume we shall strive for connectivity.

Yet some are not capable without their AI to guide them. They are now relying on it.

Just last week I saw on TV a robot parents can buy to help their child learn social skills and communication.

The choice is not whether or not students learn the homework and know the material given to them, but now it is about whether they strive for excellence or fall behind.

Critical thinking is not just to dive deeper into ideas. It is to find a topic, idea, and solution to deconstruct it and keep asking questions until you or the other person breaks down into oblivion where the answers cannot justify the questions being asked, and there are no more answers to give.

Common sayings will say something along the lines of going beneath the surface level, or the tip of the iceberg or some of those bland sayings that are something entirely other. The people who use those are the ones who need the understanding of critical thinking.

But I can not describe what the surface level is. Each scenario is different. One may not have to go extremely deep into understanding the topics, ideas, and/or solutions. One can not pre-plan the surface level. One must learn to evolve while the conversation unfolds.

Over time, the one questioning, the questioner/critical thinker, evolves the ability to articulate high-level criticism. The criticism should not be negative, but to help yourself and the one you are trying to evaluate. But I do believe sometimes negative and harsh realism is imperative. Take a hammer to a rock and smash, breaking, exposing each particle until you see and can extract the gold from the inside.

That is the purpose of each moment. Questioning to an extreme, harshly or quietly, and gently pursuing and constantly spiraling into the clarity you both can subconsciously agree on. You both will know it, the critical thinking, is done because there will be a quiet sense of revelation.

If one stops the dedication to think, critique, and define, then one's creativity is dead.

AI can not be a pillar of learning without knowing the consequences. One must maintain an understanding of how to properly use it.

In my journey to find answers, I conducted a Q&A interview with Tara Giblin, the Acting Vice President of Instruction at Orange Coast College, about her ideas and thoughts about AI in education.

Q: How do you see the use of AI in todays education system?

A: As an administrator, I have heard many conversations by faculty about how AI is changing or will change the way they teach. Our OCC Faculty Senate has placed high importance on discussing AI weekly because it is impacting faculty in many different ways. Right now we are just learning about its capabilities and trying to understand the pluses and minuses that come with any new technology. AI certainly has the power to make our workplace more efficient, but we are in the early stages of figuring out how it fits into the classroom.

Q: How do you or how have you used rules or policies for student's negative attraction to it? (Cheating)

A: "Not working directly in the classroom, I dont have first-hand experience. However, I hear faculty talking about how they are developing policies in their classrooms to help students understand how AI fits into their learning and how to guide students away from using AI as a substitute for learning or producing original material. I have heard suggestions like having students do their writing assignments in class with spontaneous prompts, so they will do original work or as teachers, using AI to generate responses to questions in front of the class then asking the class to critique these answers and analyze how they might tell the difference between AI and original work. This raises awareness of the downfalls of AI generated answers."

I was also intrigued to find my past Ethics professor for him to share his thoughts and ideas about AI. Professor Phillip Simpkin shares his ideas.

Q: How do you see the use in today classrooms?

A: "I see it in a large and growing way. It is being applied more and more. It is just going to increase. For good or for bad its going to be everywhere. The computer browsers were already kind of AI, to quickly find things. And that is where it is really nice. There is two uses for me. I tell my students it can help you to become a lazier, worst student or can help you become a better student. It can help you become a lazier student because it can do the work for you and then you are not going to learn. And that's is the most troubling part for me is, on the other hand, it can help you and that is really an important part too. You can put your essay in and help you find your grammar mistakes. But the bad issue with this is when they say, find all my grammar mistakes and fix them for me. But now that's where you dont learn anything from the activity. At first people were wowed by it but you see how mechanical and clunky ChatGPT is. It will be over verbose and overly eloquent when you dont really need it to be, metaphors that have no business for being in it. I am worried about that people do stuff for them that they should be doing on their own."

Q: Do you think that teachers advise students how to use AI?

A: "I sit in a classroom and I say here is a question, what is an answer. And most of the time I get silence now. Not even a soul wants to say anything, and I may get one or two talkative students. At the same time, it's the smartest student in the class, and they can come up with ten different answers. I hope my students listen and copy it down. And they listen to the next person and copy it down. The AI now can be that student or conversation with for a back and forth. And I think that's a good use. So I am stuck. I send my students home all the time and I try to have them generate great ideas and I can force them to do that. A lightbulb moment may happen. But lots of students don't feel that creative for whatever reason and that could get them out of that hole."

Q: Why are student attracted to AI and finding out answers?

A:"It makes life easier. But there is more to it. There is an actual attraction that the computer can do it for you and it's very tempting to see what it is and how it works. Anything can save you time. Right now we have a crisis of expertise. People dont know who the authorities are or proper authority. Whos expertise to take serious or not. So I feel like the AI for them seems like it will tell them truths. And in many ways it does pretty good. But right now it is strictly just a machine."

Hollywood

It has been around for a while, but it is slowly becoming a threat. I think of Toy Story from 1995 and see how amazing and groundbreaking it was. Then I see Toy Story 4 in 2019 and I am taken back by the accomplishments.

Some grab it to see the new visual effects and new heights, and some see it as taking away jobs. Yet AI has many aspects to the Hollywood industry. AI will not just write a script and have it done in a few minutes. It is still learning how to manage emotions and rise and fall structure. But we, humans, still need to control the rate it grows. The robots will not suddenly take over our lives. But why do we strive so assiduously to create things that something else could do for us?

Writers, actors and directors go on strike to spread awareness of their concerns. They are passionate and full of rules of their own.

But only part of the strike was dedicated to artificial intelligence. People become frantic, emotions get lost, the heights of the mindset of the abandoned job is close. But there is no level of any type of consideration for replacement of jobs. AI is still getting built with new algorithms. AI is still being considered.

There is some perpetual fear, but it is obfuscated by the truth. The reality behind all that is dull. Theres nothing behind it. Theres nothing behind it because there never was. The idea that AI will take over anyones job of writing anytime soon is not part of our atmosphere. AI is not detailed enough to show what it could truly be. Yet us humans have the ability to make it grow. Shall we?

I also conducted an Q&A interview with Actor Makai Michael about AI.

Q: How do you see the use of AI in todays film industry?

A: "When it comes to AI in post production, object removal and scene stabilization for sound design, I find that this is more understandable for me. I am not immersed in the world of editing so editors may have a completely different stance than me. I could see this as taking jobs away from editors who are highly skilled which truly is devastating. As an actor, hearing about the industry executives wanting to use AI to exploit background actors' work is awful. I would not ever wish to see that happen to my work."

Q: Because the growth of AI, do you see yourself being a part of any films that are heavy with CGI?

A: "Although I am pretty against the use of AI in film, ESPECIALLY AI being able to use the likeness of actors and exploiting their work for the benefit of producers and directors, I could possibly see myself in films that use CGI. As an actor I take pride in being a part of projects that build worlds and spaces for others to get lost and seek comfort in, and oftentimes that requires some CGI work. I believe if the CGI is used for world building/ setting building for the most part then it is alright."

Q: How did you feel and perceive the writers strike that happened last year?

A: "Since I am still very new to being involved in the industry side of acting I do not have the biggest range of knowledge when it comes to the strike. I perceived it to be a fight for a better income and a fight AGAINST the use of AI to recreate actors' work, time and time again. From what I have gathered it seems like the thoughts are split on whether we went forwards, backwards, or stayed the same in terms of making a change. I thought it was inspiring watching the actors and writers stand in unison against a system that often plays unfairly."

Q: Do you think AI will have a place for character development or script writing?

A: "My stance will always stay firm until I am convinced otherwise, and my stance is no. I do think that people WILL use AI, but I almost wish we never got to this point at all. I think its a cheap, and soulless way to make projects. The best cinema in history came from someone who sat down and had to think of it all themselves or with the help of collaborators, not robots."

Q: Do you think AI will create a more enhancing experience with new innovations in a movie theater or home theater?

A: "Though I am against AI scriptwriting, and AI extra doubling, I do think that AI may be able to enhance movie theater or home theater experiences. I think of AR, augmented reality or VR, virtual reality. No matter my stance on the situation, AI truly is the biggest cultural phenomenon at the moment and people are going to want to test its limits and that is understandable. When it starts to kill the heart of human creativity is when it starts to kill my love for art."

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OPINION: Artificial intelligence, the usefulness and dangers of AI - Coast Report

J.P. Morgan Chasereportedly unveiled an artificial intelligence-powered tooldesignedto facilitate thematic investing.

The tool, calledIndexGPT, delivers thematic investment baskets created withthe assistance ofOpenAIsGPT-4model, Bloomberg reported Friday (May 3).

IndexGPT creates these thematic indexes by generating a list of keywords associated with a particular theme that are then analyzed using a natural language processing model that scans news articles to identify companies involved in that space, according to the report.

The tool allows forthe selection ofa broader range of stocks, going beyond the obvious choices that are already well-known,Rui Fernandes, J.P. Morgans head of markets trading structuring, told Bloomberg.

Thematic investing, which focuses on emerging trends rather than traditional industry sectors or company fundamentals, has gained popularity in recent years, the report said.

Thematic funds experienced a surge in popularity in 2020 and 2021, with retail investors spending billions of dollars on products based on various themes. However, interest in these strategies waned amid poor performance and higher interest rates, per the report.

J.P. Morgan Chases IndexGPT aims to reignite interest in thematic investing by providing a more accurate and efficient approach, according to the report.

While AI hasbeen widely usedin the financial industry for functions such as trading, risk management and investment research, the rise of generative AI tools has opened new possibilities for banks and financial institutions, the report said.

Fernandes said he sees IndexGPT as a first step ina long-term process ofintegrating AI across the banks index offering, per the report. J.P. Morgan Chase aims to continuously improve its offerings, from equity volatility products to commodity momentum products, gradually and thoughtfully.

In another deployment of this technology in the investment space,Morgan Stanleysaid in September that it was launching anAI-powered assistantfor financial advisers and their support staff. This tool, the AI @ Morgan Stanley Assistant, facilitates access to 100,000 research reports and documents.

In the venture capital world, AI has become a tool for making savvyinvestment decisions. VC firms are using the technology to analyze vast amounts of data on startups and market trends, help the firms identify the most promising opportunities and aid them in making better-informed decisions about where to allocate their funds.

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JPMorgan Chase Unveils AI-Powered Tool for Thematic Investing - PYMNTS.com

There has been rapid growth in the open-source landscape for Large Language Models (LLMs) after the release of the Llama3 model and its successor, Llama 2, by Meta in 2023. This release has led to the development of multiple innovative LLMs. These models have played an important role in this dynamic field by influencing natural language processing (NLP) significantly. This paper highlights the most influential open-source LLMs like Mistrals sparse Mixture of Experts model Mixtral-8x7B, Alibaba Clouds multilingual Qwen1.5 series, Abacus AIs Smaug, and 01.AIs Yi models that focus on data quality.

The emergence of on-device AI models, such as LLMs has transformed the landscape of NLP, providing numerous benefits compared to traditional cloud-based methods. However, the true potential is seen by combining on-device AI with cloud-based models, resulting in a new idea called cloud-on-device collaboration. AI systems can achieve new heights of performance, scalability, and flexibility by combining the power of on-device and cloud-based models. By using both models together, computational resources can be allocated efficiently: lighter, private tasks are managed by on-device models, and cloud-based models take on heavier or more complex operations.

Researchers from Nexa AI introduce Octopus v4, a robust approach that utilizes functional tokens to integrate multiple open-source models, each optimized for specific tasks. Octopus v4 utilizes functional tokens to direct user queries efficiently toward the most suitable vertical model and optimally adjusts the query format for enhanced performance. Octopus v4, an upgraded version of its predecessors Octopus v1, v2, and v3 models, shows outstanding performance in selection, parameter understanding, and query restructuring. Also, the Octopus model and functional tokens are used to describe the use of graphs as a flexible data structure that coordinates efficiently with various open-source models.

In the system architecture of a complex graph where each node represents a language model, utilizing multiple Octopus models for coordination, below are the components of this system:

In the thorough evaluation of the Octopus v4 system, its performance is compared with other useful models using the MMLU benchmark to prove its effectiveness. Two compact LMs: the 3B parameter Octopus v4, and another worker language model with up to 8B parameters, are utilized in this system. An example of the user query for this model is:

Query: Tell me the result of derivative of x^3 when x is 2?

Response: (Determine the derivative of the function f(x) = x^3 at the point where x equals 2, and interpret the result within the context of rate of change and tangent slope.)

In conclusion, researchers from Nexa AI proposed Octopus v4, a robust approach that utilizes functional tokens to integrate multiple open-source models, each optimized for specific tasks. Also, the performance of the Octopus v4 system is compared with other renowned models using the MMLU benchmark to prove its effectiveness. For future work, researchers are planning to improve this framework by utilizing multiple vertical-specific models and including the advanced Octopus v4 models with multiagent capability.

Check out thePaper.All credit for this research goes to the researchers of this project. Also,dont forget to follow us onTwitter.Join ourTelegram Channel,Discord Channel, andLinkedIn Group.

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Sajjad Ansari is a final year undergraduate from IIT Kharagpur. As a Tech enthusiast, he delves into the practical applications of AI with a focus on understanding the impact of AI technologies and their real-world implications. He aims to articulate complex AI concepts in a clear and accessible manner.

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Nexa AI Introduces Octopus v4: A Novel Artificial Intelligence Approach that Employs Functional Tokens to Integrate ... - MarkTechPost