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Last Updated on January 15, 2024

What is AI? Artificial intelligence was the most searched technology of 2023, even earning Word of The Year in the Collins Dictionary. With hundreds of millions of users interacting with AI technologies such as chatbots every week, its important to define what artificial intelligence is, and what it isnt. Well also look at what AI can do, and how its being used today.

Artificial Intelligence is a subset of Machine Learning (ML), which itself is a subset of Computer Science (CS). AI is the simulation of intelligent behavior, using computers.

One of the most popular subsets of AI is natural language processing (NLP), the simulation of language-based communication, using computers. ChatGPT is an example of artificial intelligence that uses NLP, because it communicates with the user by using the same language with which a human would communicate with another human via a computer.

AI can be categorized by degree of scope and power, with terms such as weak, strong, AGI, and ASI.

Weak, or narrow, AI is AI designed for a specific purpose. It can perform specific tasks, but not learn new ones. Language translators, virtual assistants, self-driving cars, AI-powered web searches, and spam filters are examples of weak or narrow AI. It is formally known as artificial narrow intelligence (ANI).

Some but not all weak AI systems involve deep learning algorithms. If a deep-learning algorithm is involved, it will self-improve over time to become better (faster and/or more accurate) at the task than its human creator. The alternative to a deep-learning algorithm is a machine-learning algorithm with only one layer of parameters. In this case, it will be trained to be proficient at a task, and then remain at that level of proficiency. This could still be better than a human in terms of speed and accuracy but is not what everyones excited about; Deep learning is the fun part.

Strong AI, formally known as generalized AI, can perform many tasks. This potentially includes tasks that were unforeseen by its creator. It can also learn new tasks. ChatGPT is now an example of generalized AI. There are hundreds of plugins that each expand the functionality of the chatbot beyond what was intended by the programmers who created it. Broad AI will perform tasks using data outside of its own training data. ChatGPT is a special example in that it has access to the internet via the Bing search engine.

Using a deep-learning algorithm, it will self-improve over time to become better at the task than its human creator.

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This is AI with human-level consciousness, which exhibits self-awareness and human intelligence. Sometimes called Super AI or Conscious AI, artificial general intelligence will be capable of performing as many tasks as a human (an infinite list, in theory) as well as prioritizing those tasks, and learning new ones. It will also understand why it is performing and prioritizing them, giving it the agency to make independent decisions.

Achieving AGI will be one of the most significant points in our history. This theoretical point is called the singularity, at which point we will prove that an intelligence can create an intelligence equal to itself. However, there are critical ethical problems to be solved before any can safely create AGI, known collectively as the alignment problem. This is because creating AGI will almost inevitably lead to ASI, or Artificial Super Intelligence.

Artificial Super Intelligence is AI of above-human-level intelligence. Sometimes also referred to as Super AI or Conscious AI, its best to specify either AGI or ASI to avoid confusion with the other. Should humans create ASI an intelligence more intelligent than ourselves that AI could, in theory, create an AI more intelligent than itself.

At this point, we would not necessarily have control of the intentions and objectives of this superior intelligence. It would then be limited only by the bandwidth and processing speeds of current hardware. AI already exists for molecule discovery in material science and optimization in computer science. Considering this, its reasonable to expect that a Super Intelligence would independently choose its own tasks, optimize its own efficiency at those tasks over time, and also optimize the hardware that it runs on if given access to the robotics required for manufacturing.

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